Determination of Sample Size in Service Inspection

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
S. Qin ◽  
G. E. O. Widera
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Impossible Task ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Service Inspection ◽  
False Rejection

When performing inservice inspection on a large volume of identical components, it becomes an almost impossible task to inspect all those in which defects may exist, even if their failure probabilities are known. As a result, an appropriate sample size needs to be determined when setting up an inspection program. In this paper, a probabilistic analysis method is employed to solve this problem. It is assumed that the characteristic data of components has a certain distribution which can be taken as known when the mean and standard deviations of serviceable and defective sets of components are estimated. The sample size can then be determined within an acceptable assigned error range. In this way, both false rejection and acceptance can be avoided with a high degree of confidence.

scholarly journals A Method for the Measurement of Red Cell Dimensions and Calculation of Mean Corpuscular Volume and Surface Area

Blood ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1185-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONALD N. HOUCHIN ◽  
JOHN I. MUNN ◽  
BENJAMIN L. PARNELL
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Refractometric Determination ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Degree

Abstract 1. A photomicrographic method was devised for the measurement of the dimensions of red cells in rouleaux in plasma. With normal blood valid conclusions were drawn from 80 cell measurements with a high degree of confidence. 2. The mean corpuscular volume and the surface area were computed from these dimensions by formulae which treated the cell as a spheroid. 3. The dimensions, mean corpuscular volume and surface area of normal human red cells were as follows: 8.28 µ diameter, 1.71 µ thickness, 82 µ3 volume and 134 µ2 surface area. 4. The computed mean corpuscular volume was in agreement with the refractometric determination.

scholarly journals New Procedure for Thermal Assessment of an Air Cooled Condenser Coupled to Biomass Power Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1297-1302
Author(s):  
Yanán Camaraza-Medina ◽  
Andres A. Sánchez-Escalona ◽  
Yoalbys Retirado-Mediaceja ◽  
Osvaldo F. García-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Logical Sequence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Biomass Power Plant

In the present times, the use of air cooled condenser (ACC) has become generalized where the installation of power plants is required and access to condensation water is difficult. At present it is known that performing the thermal evaluation of an ACC is a complex task, since the existing methods do not consider all the elements that directly influence the performance of the ACC. A very widespread method is that attributed to Kröger, however its use does not provide adequate results for high values of environmental temperature, which is a limitation to be applied in tropical countries like Cuba. This document provides an analysis method that includes the effect of environmental variables and that allows reasonable results to be obtained for high values of ambient temperature. The new proposal follows the logical sequence of the Kröger method, but considering a new procedure for the determination of the mean heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops, required for the thermal evaluation of ACC.

scholarly journals Assessing terpene content variability of whitebark pine in order to estimate representative sample size

2013 ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Milena Stefanovic ◽  
Slobodanka Mitrovic ◽  
Dragica Obratov-Petkovic ◽  
Vera Vidakovic ◽  
Zorica Popovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Whitebark Pine ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of

In studies of population variability, particular attention has to be paid to the selection of a representative sample. The aim of this study was to assess the size of the new representative sample on the basis of the variability of chemical content of the initial sample on the example of a whitebark pine population. Statistical analysis included the content of 19 characteristics (terpene hydrocarbons and their derivates) of the initial sample of 10 elements (trees). It was determined that the new sample should contain 20 trees so that the mean value calculated from it represents a basic set with a probability higher than 95 %. Determination of the lower limit of the representative sample size that guarantees a satisfactory reliability of generalization proved to be very important in order to achieve cost efficiency of the research.

scholarly journals A symmetrical method to obtain shear moduli from microrheology

Soft Matter ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 3716-3723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kengo Nishi ◽  
Maria L. Kilfoil ◽  
Christoph F. Schmidt ◽  
F. C. MacKintosh
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Shear Moduli ◽  
Mean Squared Displacement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Symmetrical Method ◽  
Probe Particles

Passive microrheology deduces shear elastic moduli from thermally fluctuating motion of probe particles. We introduce and test an analysis method for direct determination of these moduli from the mean-squared displacement of a probe.

scholarly journals Methodology update for determination of the erosion coefficient(Z)

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radislav Tosic ◽  
Slavoljub Dragicevic
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Erosion Coefficient ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Empirical Methodology

The research and mapping the intensity of mechanical water erosion that have begun with the empirical methodology of S. Gavrilovic during the mid-twentieth century last, by various intensity, until the present time. A many decades work on the research of these issues pointed to some shortcomings of the existing methodology, and thus the need for its innovation. In this sense, R. Lazarevic made certain adjustments of the empirical methodology of S. Gavrilovic by changing the tables for determination of the coefficients ?, X and Y, that is, the tables for determining the mean erosion coefficient (Z). The main objective of this paper is to update the existing methodology for determining the erosion coefficient (Z) with the empirical methodology of S. Gavrilovic and amendments made by R. Lazarevic (1985), but also with better adjustments to the information technologies and the needs of modern society. The proposed procedure, that is, the model to determine the erosion coefficient (Z) in this paper is the result of ten years of scientific research and project work in mapping the intensity of mechanical water erosion and its modeling using various models of erosion in the Republic of Srpska and Serbia. By analyzing the correlation of results obtained by regression models and results obtained during the mapping of erosion on the territory of the Republic of Srpska, a high degree of correlation (R? = 0.9963) was established, which is essentially a good assessment of the proposed models.

scholarly journals A determination of the heat of vaporisation of water at 100°C. and one atmosphere pressure in terms of the mean calorie

1917 ◽  
Vol 93 (649) ◽  
pp. 155-176
Keyword(s):  
Latent Heat ◽  
Atmosphere Pressure ◽  
Steam Chamber ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Degree

The value of the latent heat of vaporisation of water at 100°C. and one atmosphere pressure is here measured directly in terms of the mean calorie by using a steam calorimeter that may be regarded as a development of Joly’s classical apparatus. It is claimed that a high degree of accuracy has been attained on account of— (1) An ice-bath that remains steady for one or two hours; (2) A shielding device, by means of which a damp body can be left hanging in a steam chamber without loss or gain in weight; and (3) A determination of the effect of the dampness of the steam.

scholarly journals Ice phenomena on Lake Czarny Staw pod Rysami

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Choiński
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cover Thickness ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
Ice Phenomena

Abstract Due to its inaccessibility (in winter), Lake Czarny Staw pod Rysami (Black Lake below Mount Rysy) has no series of continuous observations concerning ice phenomena. For the purpose of supplementing knowledge in this scope, ice corings were performed in the years 2010–2015. They permitted the determination of the variability of ice cover thickness on the lake’s surface. A high degree of similarity was determined in the distribution of ice cover thickness in the analysed winters (in contrast to the nearby Lake Morskie Oko). Moreover, a correlation was determined according to which the thicker the snow cover overlying the ice, the thinner the ice cover. It was determined that the mean thickness of the ice cover of Lake Czarny Staw pod Rysami is higher by approximately a dozen cm than that on Lake Morskie Oko located around 200 m lower.

Feasibility of Molecular Structure Determination With a High Resolution Electron Microscope

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Helical Axis ◽  
Base Plane ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscope ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Order ◽  
Purine Pyrimidine

An ultimate design goal for an improved electron microscope, aimed at biological applications, is the determination of the structure of complex bio-molecules. As a prototype of this class of problems, we propose to examine the possibility of reading DNA sequence by an imaginable instrument design. This problem ideally combines absolute importance and relative simplicity, in as much as the problem of enzyme structure seems to be a much more difficult one.The proposed technique involves the deposition on a thin graphite lamina of intact double helical DNA rods. If the structure can be maintained under vacuum conditions, we can then make use of the high degree of order to greatly reduce the work involved in discriminating between the four possible purine-pyrimidine arrangements in each base plane. The phosphorus atoms of the back bone form in projection (the helical axis being necessarily parallel to the substrate surface) two intertwined sinusoids. If these phosphorus atoms have been located up to a certain point on the molecule, we have available excellent information on the orientation of the base plane at that point, and can then locate in projection the key atoms for discrimination of the four alternatives.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

Determination of Plasminogen in Clots and Thrombi

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 038-050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Hedner ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson ◽  
B Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Casein Solution ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe plasminogen content was determined by a casein method in plasma and serum from 20 normal volunteers. The mean plasminogen content was found to be 10.1 ACU (the arbitrary caseinolytic unit defined in such a way that using a 3% casein solution and a digestion time of 20 min. at 37°C, 10 ACU gave an extinction of 0.300). No difference between serum and plasma regarding the plasminogen content was found.Plasminogen was determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from 2 ml plasma. The highest values found in the drained clots were 0.9 ACU/clot and 0.2 ACU/clot in the drained plus washed clots.Plasminogen was also determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from plasma with added purified plasminogen. The plasminogen was recovered in the washing fluid. According to these tests, then, purified added plasminogen is washed out of the clots.The plasminogen content of 20 thrombi obtained post mortem was also determined. The mean value was found to be 0.7 ACU/cm thrombus. Judging from our results, the “intrinsic clot lysis theory” is not the main mechanism of clot dissolution.

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