scholarly journals The investigation of primary physicochemical and pharmaco-biological properties of polynuclear iron(III) complexes with dextran and its derivatives

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Dragan Cvetkovic ◽  
Vesna Nikolic ◽  
Ljubisa Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Application Site ◽  
Neutral Medium ◽  
A Value ◽  
Hydrolytic Decomposition

The results of the investigations of primary physicochemical and pharmaco-biological properties of polynuclear iron(III) complexes with low molecular dextran (LMD), hydrogenated low molecular dextran (H-LMD) and dextran carbonic acid (DCA) are presented. The investigations included the complex resistance to hydrolytic decomposition in highly acidic medium, the (TFH-A)-value, and neutral medium at 120?C, the (TFH-120)-value, the viscosity of the parenteral solutions, iron(III) resorption dynamics to serum after the i.m. and i.v. application of the preparation to rabbits, the acute toxicity (LD50) in mice, and the residual iron(III) quantity at the i.m. application site. Iron(III) complexes with dextran carbonic acid (DCA) appeared to be the most suitable for use in veterinary and human medicine.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity of nanosized beet pectin

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
N Yu Alimzhanov ◽  
I Sh Chakeev ◽  
Sh Zh Zhorobekova ◽  
I O Kudaybergenova ◽  
B N Lepshin
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Pectin Substance ◽  
Hazard Class

Aim. To determine the acute toxicity and hazard class of nanosized low-esterified beet pectin.Methods. To study the acute toxicity of substances, Kerber’s method was used. Probit analysis for different values of lethal dose calculated by least squares method, as well as morphologic studies, statistical analysis (non-parametric methods - Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test) were used. Pectin toxicity was studies on 40 mature Wistar rats of both gender and body weight of 160-230 g.Results. Enteral administration of 12 000 mg/kg of pectin did not affect the general condition and did not lead to lethal outcome. The following values of lethal doses were calculated using probit analysis: LD16=34 990.6542056074≈35 g/kg, LD50=74 242.9906542057≈74 g/kg, LD84=113 495.327102804≈113 g/kg, LD100=133 121.495327103≈133 g/kg. Histological study of rat organ tissues that received 12 000 mg/kg of pectin showed no structural changes in tissues of examined organs. Study drug - nanosized low molecular weight pectin, might be referred to hazard class IV (low hazard substances) according to GOST 12.1.007-76. and classification K.K. Sidorov Pectin substance may be considered as practically nontoxic drug (LD50 >10,000 mg/kg), which corresponds to Class V compounds according to Hodge and Sterner classification and classification by K.K. Sidorov.Conclusion. The results indicate complete safety of nanosized forms of pectin, which opens up prospects for further studies of the biological properties of this substance.

scholarly journals UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT MINUMAN PROBIOTIK SIRSAK GUNUNG (Annona montana Macf.) DENGAN METODE BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-948
Author(s):  
Ambar Fidyasari ◽  
Sentot Joko Raharjo ◽  
Melani Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Acute Toxic

Soursop fruit (Annona montana Macf.) is one of the plants can be used as as traditional medicine. This plant contains terpenoid and acetogenin which can cause toxicity. The fruit has a flavor that is tasteless so the innovation becomes probiotic drinks. This drink has been proven as an antioxidant, antibacterial, antihyperuricemia and antidiarrheal. The aim of this study was to know about acute toxicity of probiotic drink of soursop juice using brine shrimp lethality test method which will be indicated by LC50 value. This study used experimental methods conducted in the Laboratory of Farmakoknosi. There are several variations in concentration in this study, namely 10000 ppm, 20000 ppm, 30000 ppm, 40000 ppm, 50000 ppm, 60000 ppm, 70000 ppm, 80000 ppm and replication was done 3 times with total number of test animals used was 270. The results showed that probiotic drink of soursop juice can provide acute toxic effects on test animals with LC50 value of 29717,23 ppm. LC50 values ​​indicate that the mountain soursop probiotic drink is not potentially toxic because it has a value of >1000 ppm.

The Physiology of Carbon Dioxide Transport in Insect Blood

1950 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. LEVENBOOK
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dissociation Constant ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Apparent Dissociation Constant ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Transport ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
The Third ◽  
A Value ◽  
Dissociation Curves

1. The pH of the blood of the third instar Gastrophilus larva is 6.64 at 38° C. with a pH-temperature coefficient of -0.007 Per 1° C. rise in temperature. 2. The total CO2 content of the blood varies from 40.6 to 131.4 vol. % with an average of 72.4 vol. %. The CO2 content of the tissues minus the cuticle is very close to, and follows the variations in, the CO2 content of the blood. 3. The CO2 tension in the blood is from 300 to 500 mm. Hg. From 30 to 50% of the CO2 is in solution, the rest in the form of bicarbonate. Carbamate formation does not occur in the blood. 4. The ‘apparent’ dissociation constant for carbonic acid, (pK'1), has a value of 6.08 (S.D. ±0.06) at 38° C. and 6.19 (s.d. ±0.13) at 16° C. 5. CO2 dissociation curves have been drawn for 38 and 16° C. The slope of the curves indicates that the whole of the CO2 is given off at zero CO2 tension, and that the blood is adapted for functioning at high CO2 tensions.

Acute Oral Safety Study of Sodium Caseinate Glycosylated via Maillard Reaction with Galactose in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-479
Author(s):  
ARTURO ANADÓN ◽  
MARIA A. MARTÍNEZ ◽  
IRMA ARES ◽  
VICTOR CASTELLANO ◽  
MARIA R. MARTÍNEZ-LARRAÑAGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Sodium Caseinate ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Safety Study ◽  
Male And Female Rats

In order to potentially use sodium caseinate (SC) glycated with galactose (Gal) in the food industry as a new functional ingredient with proved technological and biological properties, an evaluation of oral acute toxicity has been carried out. An acute safety study with SC-Gal glycoconjugates in the Wistar rat with a single oral gavage dose of 2,000 mg/kg of body weight was conducted. The SC-Gal glycoconjugates were well tolerated; no adverse effects or mortality was observed during the 2-week observation period. No abnormal signs, behavioral changes, body weight changes, or alterations in food and water consumption occurred. After this period, no changes in hematological and serum chemistry parameters, organ weights, or gross pathology or histopathology were detected. It was concluded that SC-Gal glycoconjugates obtained via the Maillard reaction were well tolerated in rats at an acute oral dose of 2,000 mg/kg of body weight. The SC-Gal glycoconjugates have a low order of acute toxicity, and the oral 50% lethal dose for male and female rats is in excess of 2,000 mg/kg of body weight.

Gangs and Social Media

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Pyrooz ◽  
Richard K. Moule, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Neutral Medium ◽  
Gang Members ◽  
A Value ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Social Media Platforms

It was once presumed that costs of Internet adoption were too great for gang members to absorb. They lacked the financial resources to access the Internet or the technological know-how to use it. That is no longer the case, which leads to two questions: What are gang members doing online? What are the responses to gangs online? The growing research on this topic indicates that gang members are online and using the Internet at a rate comparable to their peers. This occurs in the United States and abroad. Gangs do not exploit the Internet to its criminal potential, even though the law enforcement community suggests otherwise. This is most likely due to the low technological capacities of gang members. However, gang members do engage in higher rates of crime and deviance online than their non-gang peers. Gang members also use the Internet to posture, provoke, and project group power, particularly on leading social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, which in turn allows activities occurring online to have ramifications for crime and violence offline. It is debatable whether online space is as important to gangs as physical space, but the Internet is undoubtedly a valuable medium to gangs. The potential for conflict and the posting of gang images has attracted the attention of law enforcement as well as researchers to document this activity. Platforms are being developed to anticipate the spilling of online gang conflicts offline. Since the Internet is a value-neutral medium that engages youth and young adults, it is anticipated that social media and the Internet will continue to appeal to gangs and gang members for the foreseeable future.

Reducing the Emission Activity of Vanadium from Building Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 1037 ◽  
pp. 705-712
Author(s):  
Konstantin G. Pugin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Neutral Medium ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Emission Activity ◽  
And Control

The article presents a study of the possibility of controlling the emission activity of heavy metals from building materials and structures. It has been established that the most active emission processes from building materials obtained using industrial wastes placed in aqueous media occur in the first five days in a neutral medium, and in the first ten days in an acidic medium. After that, the concentration of heavy metals in the aquatic environment begins to decrease. The results obtained on particular examples made it possible to establish dependencies that determine the intensity of emission processes under various conditions of contact between building materials and an aqueous medium. These dependencies are of a general nature and can be used to predict and control the formation of anthropogenic load. It is shown that the control of emission processes from building structures is possible by forming the structure of the material in the direction of increasing its hydrophobicity, density, and the content of alkaline compounds.

Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Luigi Ferini-Strambi ◽  
Mauro Manconi ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Application Site ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
A Value ◽  
Rotigotine Transdermal Patch ◽  
One Year

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is one of the most common neurological disorders. It is characterised by an urge to move the legs accompanied by uncomfortable or unpleasant sensations. Symptoms occur predominantly at rest in the evening or at night, and they are alleviated by moving the affected extremity or by walking. Although the aetiopathogenesis of RLS is still unknown, the rapid and dramatic improvement of RLS with dopaminergic compounds suggests a dopaminergic system dysfunction as a basic mechanism. Some studies have shown that rotigotine transdermal patch is efficacious for RLS treatment: using dosages between 1 and 3mg/24 hours, up to >30% of severely affected patients became symptom-free. Similar safety and tolerability to other non-ergot dopamine agonists have been reported, except for skin reactions at the application site. One of the most important problems when treating RLS patients with dopaminergic compounds is augmentation, which is a phenomenon mainly characterised by earlier onset of symptoms. Retrospective evaluation of augmentation with rotigotine showed a value of 1.5% in a six-month placebo-controlled study and of 2.9% in a one-year open trial, which is lower than the percentage observed with the other dopamine agonist compounds with shorter half-lifes.

Synthesis of Ferromagnetic Filled Carbon Nanotubes and their Biomedical Application

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Leonhardt ◽  
Ingolf Mönch ◽  
Axel Meye ◽  
S. Hampel ◽  
B. Büchner
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Carrier System ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Drug Delivery Carrier ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Therapeutic Concepts

Especially during last years, fundamental discoveries of various species and modifications of carbon nanotubes have stimulated research on their application including in human medicine. The success of these applications depends significantly on the physical, chemical and biological properties of the carbon nanotubes and their supplements. In our presentation we report on the synthesis of Fe-filled carbon nanotubes, their structural and magnetic properties and propose novel types of such functionalised and filled multiwalled carbon nanotubes with various advantages for an application in human medicine, especially in anti-tumour therapeutic concepts. These nanotube structures represent multi-functional nano-scaled containers for different medical treatments including magnetically guided hyperthermia. Furthermore these chemical inert and stable carbon nanocontainer can be act as a new drug delivery carrier system. In principle, both, a filling of nanotubes by an open-fill-close process or an attachment of argents on the outside of the carbon nanotube is possible.

scholarly journals Makrofauna Tanah Di Lahan Hortikultura Desa Losari Kecamatan Sumowono Kabupaten Semarang

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Nurul Qomariyah ◽  
Ary Susatyo Nugroho ◽  
Mohammad Syaipul Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
A Value ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Land Station ◽  
Hand Sorting ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Abstrak: Makrofauna tanah merupakan bagian dari biodiversitas tanah yang memiliki peran penting dalam perbaikan sifat fisik, kimiawi, dan biologi tanah melalui proses imobilisasi dan humifikasi. Desa Losari merupakan salah satu desa di Kecamatan sumowono Kabupaten semarang yang terletak di kaki Gunung Ungaran sehingga keadaannya masih asri dan alami. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Bulan Juli 2020. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat keanekaragaman jenis makrofauna tanah yang ada di kawasan lahan pertanian Desa Losari dengan tanaman yang berbeda. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu Pit fall trap dan Hand sorting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keanekaragaman jenis di lokasi penelitian tergolong rendah. Total makrofauna tanah yang tercatat di lokasi penelitian sebanyak 37 jenis yang terdiri dari 3 filum. Lahan pertanian tanaman kubis (stasiun I) memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman yang tertinggi dibandingkan dengan stasiun lainnya dengan nilai H' = 1,064. Filum dengan jumlah terbanyak di lokasi penelitian adalah filum Arthropoda sebanyak 33 jenis dari 98 total jenis makrofauna tanah yang telah ditemukan.Kata Kunci: keanekaragaman makrofauna tanah; hortikultura; pit fall trap; hand sorting.Abstract: Soil macrofauna is part of soil biodiversity which has an important role in improving the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil through immobilization and humification processes. Losari Village is one of the villages in Sumowono District, Semarang Regency, which is located at the foot of Mount Ungaran so that the condition is still beautiful and natural. This research was conducted in July 2020. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of diversity of soil macrofauna species in the agricultural area of Losari Village with different plants. Data were collected by two methods, namely Pit fall trap and Hand sorting. The results showed that the level of species diversity in the study location was low. The total soil macrofauna recorded at the research location were 37 species consisting of 3 phyla. Cabbage farming land (station I) has the highest level of diversity compared to other stations with a value of H' = 1.064. The phylum with the highest number in the research location was Arthropoda phylum with 33 of the 98 total soil macrofauna species that had been found.Keywords: soil macrofauna diversity; horticulture; pit fall trap; hand sorting.

scholarly journals Synthesis, physical-chemical and biological properties of 8-R-thioderivatives of 1-benzyltheobromine

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
D. G. Ivanchenko ◽  
M. I. Romanenko ◽  
B. A. Samura ◽  
V. I. Kornienko
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Aqueous Alcohol ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Xanthine Derivatives ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Key way for creating new medicinal drugs is structural modification of known and existent natural compounds with high biological activity. In this aspect researchers’ attention is drawn by xanthine derivatives which appear to be antagonists of adenosine receptors, phosphodiesterase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inducers. This resulted in their widespread application in medicine to cure asthma, bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In addition, xanthine derivatives are used as diuretics, analgesics, heart pacemakers, anti-inflammatory, psychotropic and renal protective agents.  The aim of this work lies in developing unique methods to synthesize undocumented in other scientific papers 8-thioderivatives of 1-benzylthiobromine and also studying of their physical, chemical and biological properties. Acute toxicity of synthesized compounds has been studied with the application of Kerber method. The study of diuretic activity of obtained compounds was carried out applying Berkhin method. Analgesic activity of synthesized xanthines was studied at ‘acetic acid writhing’ model. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied at ‘acute aseptic edema’ model. Antioxidant activity was studied in vitro using the method of non-enzymatic initiation of free-radical oxidation. Heating of 1-benzyl-8-bromotheobromine with double excess of sodium sulphidenonahydrate in dimethylformamide environment results in formation of 8-thiotheobromine. Reactions of thioxanthines with halogenketones and chloroacetamide proceed smoothly with their short-time heating in aqueous alcohol environment. By applying such computer programs as ALOGPS, DRAGON, GUSAR and ACD/Percepta Platform was established viability of further invitro and invivo research. Accessible laboratory methods have been elaborated to synthesize 8-thiosubstituted 1-n-methylbenzyltheobromine, their structure having been proved by elemental analysis, PMR-spectroscopy and mass-spectrometry data. Molecular and pharmacological descriptors to forecast properties of the obtained substances have been calculated, in addition to acute toxicity index. Also the study of acute toxicity, diuretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity of synthesized compounds has been carried out. After additional research 1-benzyl-8-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylthio)theobromine can be used in medical practice as an antioxidant agent.

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