scholarly journals Phenotype correlations of linear assessment scores of type and production traits of Simmental cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Vlada Pantelic ◽  
Dragan Niksic ◽  
Nevena Maksimovic ◽  
Dusica Ostojic-Andric ◽  
Marina Lazarevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Fertility Traits

Determining the degree of correlation between two or more traits depends to a large extent on their manifestation. The knowledge of genetic and phenotypic correlations between body characteristics of the animal and product characteristics can help define the breeding goal, but also to define and harmonize the assessment criteria. Although the phenotypic and genetic correlations between the traits of body development and type and the milk yield show different degrees of variation, they should be taken into account in the final assessment of the breeding value of the animal so that the selection programs are more comprehesively defined. The examination of phenotypic correlations of linear assessment scores of the type, milk and fertility traits was performed on a total of 303 cows of the Simental breed in the first three lactations. The examination of phenotypic correlations included the following milk performance properties in the first three standard lactations: milk yield, milk fat content, milk fat yield, yield of 4% corrected milk; also fertility traits: age at current calving and service period in each lactation; while the linear type scoring included a group of traits: type or frame, muscularity, fundament, udder.

Genetic and phenotypic correlations between linear type traits and production traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brotherstone
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations

AbstractFirst lactation production and linear type records of 72 559Holstein-Friesian cows, calving from 1982 to 1989, were analysed by multivariate restricted maximum likelihood, using a sire model. The data comprised offspring of 1066 randomly used sires, and 91 proven i.e. widely used bulls. All phenotypic correlations between the type traits and the yield traits were small, but moderate genetic correlations were obtained between milk, fat and protein yield and angularity (~—0·43) and between the yield traits and udder depth (~0·44), indicating that higher yielding heifers are more angular and have deeper udders. The heritabilities of the type traits were in line with previous analyses, but those for milk, fat and protein yield were rather high at 0·47, 0·52 and 0·45 respectively

Dairy herd life in relation to linear type traits and production 1. Phenotypic and genetic analyses in pedigree type classified herds

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brotherstone ◽  
W. G. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Total Type

AbstractThe relation between survival to complete lactations 2, 3 and 4 and both linear type and production traits of pedigree Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle in the United Kingdom was analysed. There were records on 23 071 pedigree animals which were themselves type classified as heifers. The linear and quadratic phenotypic regressions of survival on most type traits were significant, even with yield fitted as a covariate. Phenotypic regressions of survival on milk, fat and protein yield were significantly positive, but that on protein content significantly negative. Phenotypic correlations with survival were under 0·1 for the linear traits, 0·16 for a subjective total type score, and 0·14 for milk yield. Genetic correlations between survival and type traits, estimated by multivariate restricted maximum likelihood, were as high as 0·4 for several traits of the udder and teats and for total score, and higher than for milk yield or composition. Regressions of survival on estimated sire transmitting abilities gave rather lower estimates of genetic correlations, except for total score. The results indicate that in these pedigree and classifying herds the total score is a culling criterion in its own right.

scholarly journals Analyses of genetic relationships between linear type traits, fat-to-protein ratio, milk production traits, and somatic cell count in first-parity Czech Holstein cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Zink ◽  
L. Zavadilová ◽  
J. Lassen ◽  
M. Štípková ◽  
M. Vacek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Score ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Fat Yield

Genetic and phenotypic correlations between production traits, selected linear type traits, and somatic cell score were estimated. The results could be useful for breeding programs involving Czech Holstein dairy cows or other populations. A series of bivariate analyses was applied whereby (co)variance components were estimated using average information (AI-REML) implemented via the DMU statistical package. Chosen phenotypic data included average somatic cell score per a 305-day standard first lactation as well as the production traits milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, fat percentage, and protein percentage per the standard first lactation. Fifteen classified linear type traits were added, as they were measured at first lactation in the Czech Holstein population. All phenotypic data were collected within the progeny testing program of the Czech-Moravian Breeders Corporation from 2005 to 2009. The number of animals for each linear type trait was 59 454, except for locomotion, for which 53 424 animals were recorded. The numbers of animals with records of milk production data were 43 992 for milk yield, fat percentage, protein percentage, and fat-to-protein percentage ratio and 43 978 for fat yield and protein yield. In total, 27 098 somatic cell score records were available. The strongest positive genetic correlation between production traits and linear type traits was estimated between udder width and fat yield (0.51 ± 0.04), while the strongest negative correlation estimated was between body condition score and fat yield (−0.45 ± 0.03). Other estimated correlations were between those two extremes but generally they were close to zero or positive. The strongest negative phenotypic correlations were estimated between udder depth and milk yield and protein yield (both −0.17), while the strongest positive phenotypic correlations were estimated between milk yield, protein yield, and udder width (both 0.32).  

scholarly journals Random regression models to estimate genetic parameters for test-day milk yield and composition in Iranian buffaloes

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Madad ◽  
N. Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh ◽  
A. A. Shadparvar ◽  
D. Kianzad
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Abstract. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for milk yield and milk percentages of fat and protein in Iranian buffaloes. A total of 9,278 test-day production records obtained from 1,501 first lactation buffaloes on 414 herds in Iran between 1993 and 2009 were used for the analysis. Genetic parameters for productive traits were estimated using random regression test-day models. Regression curves were modeled using Legendre polynomials (LPs). Heritability estimates were low to moderate for milk production traits and ranged from 0.09 to 0.33 for milk yield, 0.01 to 0.27 for milk protein percentage and 0.03 to 0.24 for milk fat percentage, respectively. Genetic correlations ranged from −0.24 to 1 for milk yield between different days in milk over the lactation. Genetic correlations of milk yield at different days in milk were often higher than permanent environmental correlations. Genetic correlations for milk protein percentage ranged from −0.89 to 1 between different days in milk. Also, genetic correlations for milk percentage of fat ranged from −0.60 to 1 between different days in milk. The highest estimates of genetic and permanent environmental correlations for milk traits were observed at adjacent test-days. Ignoring heritability estimates for milk yield and milk protein percentage in the first and final days of lactation, these estimates were higher in the 120 days of lactation. Test-day milk yield heritability estimates were moderate in the course of the lactation, suggesting that this trait could be applied as selection criteria in Iranian milking buffaloes.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for milk production and persistency in the Iranian Holstein population by the multitrait random regression model

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khabat Kheirabadi ◽  
Sadegh Alijani
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Random Regression Model ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Fat Yield

Abstract. For genetic dissection of milk, fat, and protein production traits in the Iranian primiparous Holstein dairy cattle, records of these traits were analysed using a multitrait random regression test-day model. Data set included 763 505 test-day records from 88 204 cows calving since 1993. The (co)variance components were estimated by Bayesian method. The obtained results indicated that as in case of genetic correlations within traits, genetic correlations between traits decrease as days in milk (DIM) got further apart. The strength of the correlations decreased with increasing DIM, especially between milk and fat. Heritability estimates for 305-d milk, fat, and protein yields were 0.31, 0.29, and 0.29, respectively. Heritabilities of test-day milk, fat, and protein yields for selected DIM were higher in the end than at the beginning or the middle of lactation. Heritabilities for persistency ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 and were generally highest for protein yield (0.05 to 0.24) and lowest for fat yield (0.02 to 0.17), with milk yield having intermediate values (0.06 to 0.22). Genetic correlations between persistency measures and 305-d production were higher for protein and milk yield than for fat yield. The genetic correlation of the same persistency measures between milk and fat yields averaged 0.76, and between milk and protein yields averaged 0.82.

Inheritance of linear type traits in dairy cattle and correlations with milk production

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Meyer ◽  
Susan Brotherstone ◽  
W. G. Hill ◽  
Maureen R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Friesian Cattle

ABSTRACTRecords on 18 939 Friesian-Holstein cows classified for 16 linear-type traits and total score in first lactation by the British Friesian Cattle Society and similarly on 13 192 cows in second lactation were analysed to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations among the linear traits. These comprised progeny of 542 and 477 young sires, respectively, together with older sires included to increase connections. Correlations of type with milk production traits and correlations between type in first and second lactations were estimated from subsets (of about one-half) of the data. Effects due to proportion of Holstein in the sires were removed.Heritabilities of the linear traits were similar in first and second lactations, ranging from under 0·15 for one of the leg traits to about 0·5 for stature. Genetic correlations between traits in first and second lactation were generally over 0·75, whereas phenotypic correlations for most traits ranged from 0·3 to 0·6. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among the linear traits were generally low, except for those involving size.Phenotypic correlations between linear traits and milk yield and composition were all small, none exceeding 0·3. Genetic correlations were generally almost as small: taking first and second lactations together, the only consistent non-negligible correlations with yield were for angularity (+0·3), fore-udder attachment (–0·2) and udder depth (–0·4). The linear traits are not useful predictors of yield.

Genetic correlation estimates between milk production traits, mastitis and different measures of somatic cells in Holstein cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Chegini ◽  
Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hosseini-Moghadam ◽  
Abdol Ahad Shadparvar
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Threshold Models ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Cell Counts

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters including repeatability, heritability as well as genetic and environmental relationships between 305-day milk yield, milk fat and protein yield (Fat and Pro), milk fat and protein percentages (Fat% and Pro%), mastitis (Mast), number of mastitis occurrence and different measurements of somatic cell counts using linear and threshold animal as well as linear and threshold sire models in Holstein cows of Iran. Records of 33851 first lactation Holstein cows from five large dairy herds with calving dates from March 2002 to September 2014 were analysed, using Gibbs sampling methodology. Heritabilities of production traits estimated by linear animal model ranged from 0.14 (Fat%) to 0.29 (Pro%). Generally, udder health traits had low heritability (ranged from 0.005 to 0.10). Estimates of heritability for Mast using linear models were higher than those obtained with threshold models. However, in general estimates of heritabilities using threshold models were higher than those from linear models. There were unfavourable genetic correlations between production traits and Mast, which implies that breeding programs with emphasis on 305-day milk yield will experience deterioration in udder health. Despite low heritability of udder health traits, genetic variability exists for these traits that allow selecting superior animals and increasing resistance to Mast and animal welfare. Considering relatively high ratio of permanent environmental variance for Mast, culling decisions can be made with higher accuracy in order to reduce Mast incidence phenotypically over time.

scholarly journals Genetic relationship of functional longevity with female fertility and milk production traits in Czech Holsteins 

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 554-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zavadilová ◽  
V. Zink
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Fertility Traits

The objectives of this study were to estimate heritabilities of and genetic correlations among longevity, milk production, and female fertility traits of Holstein cows. Fertility traits were days open, interval from parturition to first service, and days between the first and last insemination in the first and second lactation, respectively. Production traits were first lactation milk, fat, and protein yield. Functional longevity was defined as the number of days between the first calving and culling, i.e. the length of the productive life. The linear animal model included fixed effects of month-year of first calving, regression on age at first calving, regression on milk yield (only for longevity), and random effects of herd-year, animal, and residual. Heritability estimates for fertility traits ranged from 0.02 ± 0.009 to 0.06 ± 0.004. Heritability of longevity was 0.09. Heritability estimates for production traits ranged from 0.29 ± 0.009 (fat and protein yield) to 0.34 ± 0.009 (milk yield). Genetic correlations of longevity with fertility were moderate and favourable, ranging from –0.37 ± 0.068 to –0.44 ± 0.055, except the days between the first and last insemination in the second lactation. Genetic correlations of fertility with production traits were moderate to high and unfavourable, ranging from 0.48 ± 0.042 to 0.65 ± 0.034. Substantial herd-year correlations were found between fertility traits. Residual correlations were small except for those between production traits (> 0.85) and between days open and days between the first and last insemination (0.87). Month-year of first calving effects for longevity declined between 1994 and 2002, while those for production traits and for fertility increased slightly or remained stable during this period. Between 1991 and 2003, genetic trend for longevity declined and increased for production. Estimated genetic changes for fertility were unfavourable.

Genetic and phenotypic relationships between conformation and production traits in Ayrshire heifers

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Mrode ◽  
G. J. T. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Procedure ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractFirst lactation records for production traits (milk, fat and protein yields) and 17 linear type traits for 7169 Ayrshire heifers were analysed to estimate genetic parameters for type traits and to examine the relationship between type and production traits. A multivariate restricted maximum likelihood procedure fitting a sire model with sire relationships included was used for all analyses.Heritabilities for production traits were approximately 0·3 and genetic correlations among them were high (>0·84). The estimates of heritabilities for type traits were mainly low to moderate ranging from 0·04 to 0·42. Angularity (0·80), beef shape (0·49), foot angle (0·53) and stature (0·46) had higher heritabilities. Generally phenotypic correlations among type traits were lower than the genetic correlations. The highest negative genetic correlation was between rear legs side and rear legs rear (-0·95) and the highest positive correlation between chest width and beef shape (0·93).Genetic correlations between type and production were low to moderate and were similar for milk, fat and protein yields. The genetic correlations between the production traits and chest width, udder depth and beef shape were negative but were positive between production and angularity, rear udder width and teat placement side.

scholarly journals Estimation of variance components for production and fertility traits in Northern Thai dairy cattle to define optimal breeding strategies

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. König ◽  
N. Chongkasikit ◽  
H.-J. Langholz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Estimation Of Variance ◽  
Fertility Traits

Abstract. Milk production in Thailand has been growing into an important agricultural sector, but it still faces numerous difficulties in environmental constraints. The main intention of this study was to identify significant environmental effects on production and fertility traits to give advices for farm management. Additionally, adjusting records for environmental impact is essential to define appropriate models for estimation of variance components and improving selection procedures. The data consists of production and reproduction records and body measurements from 2764 Holstein upgrade cows in 252 farms. With a body weight of 415 kg and a production level of 3668 kg milk Thai Holsteins only reach approximately 60 % of performances of Holsteins in temperate zones. Percentages of Holstein genes of cows and quality of roughage sources showed a certain effect on calving interval and services per conception but not on milk performances. Despite seasonal effects were not very pronounced on milk yield, there was a strong interaction between years and calving seasons. Estimates of variance components applying REML and animal models were in the range as expected, i.e. heritabilities for production traits between 0.34 and 0.37, for fertility lower than 0.03 and for body weight 0.46. Genetic correlations between fertility and production traits were near zero. Economic weights for milk yield and calving interval were derived as first derivation of profit functions and used for selection index calculations. Suc

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