Genetic correlation estimates between milk production traits, mastitis and different measures of somatic cells in Holstein cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Chegini ◽  
Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hosseini-Moghadam ◽  
Abdol Ahad Shadparvar
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Threshold Models ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Cell Counts

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters including repeatability, heritability as well as genetic and environmental relationships between 305-day milk yield, milk fat and protein yield (Fat and Pro), milk fat and protein percentages (Fat% and Pro%), mastitis (Mast), number of mastitis occurrence and different measurements of somatic cell counts using linear and threshold animal as well as linear and threshold sire models in Holstein cows of Iran. Records of 33851 first lactation Holstein cows from five large dairy herds with calving dates from March 2002 to September 2014 were analysed, using Gibbs sampling methodology. Heritabilities of production traits estimated by linear animal model ranged from 0.14 (Fat%) to 0.29 (Pro%). Generally, udder health traits had low heritability (ranged from 0.005 to 0.10). Estimates of heritability for Mast using linear models were higher than those obtained with threshold models. However, in general estimates of heritabilities using threshold models were higher than those from linear models. There were unfavourable genetic correlations between production traits and Mast, which implies that breeding programs with emphasis on 305-day milk yield will experience deterioration in udder health. Despite low heritability of udder health traits, genetic variability exists for these traits that allow selecting superior animals and increasing resistance to Mast and animal welfare. Considering relatively high ratio of permanent environmental variance for Mast, culling decisions can be made with higher accuracy in order to reduce Mast incidence phenotypically over time.

scholarly journals Estimation of genetic parameters and comparison of random regression animal and sire models of production traits in the first three lactations of Iranian Holsteins

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mohammadi ◽  
S. Alijani
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Residual Variances

This study was conducted to compare of random regression (RR) animal and sire models for estimation of the genetic parameters for production traits of Iranian Holstein dairy cows. For this purpose, the test day records were used belonged to first three lactations of cows and for, milk, fat and protein yields traits where, collected from 2003 to 2010, by the national breeding center of Iran. The genetic parameters were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood algorithm. To compare the model, different criterion -2logL value, AIC, BIC and RV were used for considered traits. Residual variances were considered homogeneous over the lactation period. Obtained results showed that additive genetic variance was highest in the beginning and end lactation and permanent environmental variance was highest in beginning of lactation than other lactation period. Heritabilities estimate for milk, fat and protein yields by RR animal and sire models were found to be lowest during early lactation (0.05, 0.04 and 0.07; 0.05, 0.19 and 0.13; 0.14, 0.19 and 0.15, for milk, fat and protein yields and in first, second and third lactation respectively). However, estimated heritabilities during lactation did not vary among different order Legendre polynomials, and also between RR animal and sire models. The variation in genetic correlations estimate in the RR animal and sire models was larger in the first lactation than in the second and third lactations. Thus, based on the results obtained, it can be inferred that the RR animal model is better for modeling yield traits in Iranian Holsteins.

Introducing a sinusoidal equation to describe lactation curves for cumulative milk yield and composition in Holstein cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh ◽  
Hassan Darmani Kuhi ◽  
James France ◽  
Secundino López
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Lactation Curve

AbstractThe aim of the work reported here was to investigate the appropriateness of a sinusoidal function by applying it to model the cumulative lactation curves for milk yield and composition in primiparous Holstein cows, and to compare it with three conventional growth models (linear, Richards and Morgan). Data used in this study were 911 144 test-day records for milk, fat and protein yields, which were recorded on 834 dairy herds from 2000 to 2011 by the Animal Breeding Centre and Promotion of Animal Products of Iran. Each function was fitted to the test-day production records using appropriate procedures in SAS (PROC REG for the linear model and PROC NLIN for the Richards, Morgan and sinusoidal equations) and the parameters were estimated. The models were tested for goodness of fit using adjusted coefficient of determination $\lpar {R_{{\rm adj}}^2 } \rpar $, root mean square error (RMSE), Akaike's information criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). $R_{{\rm adj}}^2 $ values were generally high (>0.999), implying suitable fits to the data, and showed little differences among the models for cumulative yields. The sinusoidal equation provided the lowest values of RMSE, AIC and BIC, and therefore the best fit to the lactation curve for cumulative milk, fat and protein yields. The linear model gave the poorest fit to the cumulative lactation curve for all production traits. The current results show that classical growth functions can be fitted accurately to cumulative lactation curves for production traits, but the new sinusoidal equation introduced herein, by providing best goodness of fit, can be considered a useful alternative to conventional models in dairy research.

scholarly journals Random regression models to estimate genetic parameters for test-day milk yield and composition in Iranian buffaloes

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Madad ◽  
N. Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh ◽  
A. A. Shadparvar ◽  
D. Kianzad
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Abstract. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for milk yield and milk percentages of fat and protein in Iranian buffaloes. A total of 9,278 test-day production records obtained from 1,501 first lactation buffaloes on 414 herds in Iran between 1993 and 2009 were used for the analysis. Genetic parameters for productive traits were estimated using random regression test-day models. Regression curves were modeled using Legendre polynomials (LPs). Heritability estimates were low to moderate for milk production traits and ranged from 0.09 to 0.33 for milk yield, 0.01 to 0.27 for milk protein percentage and 0.03 to 0.24 for milk fat percentage, respectively. Genetic correlations ranged from −0.24 to 1 for milk yield between different days in milk over the lactation. Genetic correlations of milk yield at different days in milk were often higher than permanent environmental correlations. Genetic correlations for milk protein percentage ranged from −0.89 to 1 between different days in milk. Also, genetic correlations for milk percentage of fat ranged from −0.60 to 1 between different days in milk. The highest estimates of genetic and permanent environmental correlations for milk traits were observed at adjacent test-days. Ignoring heritability estimates for milk yield and milk protein percentage in the first and final days of lactation, these estimates were higher in the 120 days of lactation. Test-day milk yield heritability estimates were moderate in the course of the lactation, suggesting that this trait could be applied as selection criteria in Iranian milking buffaloes.

scholarly journals Genetic relationship between milk dry matter and other milk traits in extended lactations of Polish Holstein cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yazgan ◽  
J. Makulska ◽  
A. Węglarz ◽  
E. Ptak ◽  
M. Gierdziewicz
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Third

The objective of this research was to examine heritabilities and genetic, phenotypic and permanent environmental relationships between milk dry matter (DM) and milk traits such as milk, fat, protein and lactose yields, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and somatic cell score (SCS) in extended (to 395 days) lactations of Holstein cows from a big farm in Poland. The data set consisted of 78 059 test day records from the first, second and third lactations of 3 792 cows, daughters of 210 sires and 1 677 dams. Single- or two-trait random regression models were used with fixed effects of calving year, calving month, dry period and calving interval and random additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. The last two fixed effects were not included in the analysis of first lactation data. The highest values of heritabilities for all traits, except DM, were observed in the second lactation. First lactation heritabilities for all traits – except milk yield and SCS – were smaller than those in the third lactation. Lactose yield was highly heritable, with average h<SUP>2</SUP> equal to 0.25, 0.29 and 0.28 in lactations 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Heritability for DM was slightly lower than that for lactose (0.22, 0.26 and 0.28 for lactations 1, 2 and 3, respectively). In all lactations heritabilities for SCS were below 0.1. Genetic correlations between DM and milk yield (0.64–0.74) were lower than those between MUN and milk yield (0.67–0.79) as well as between lactose and milk yield (0.72–0.82). In general, DM was much more closely correlated with fat or protein yield (0.55–0.79) than with MUN or lactose (0.38–0.76). Only in the third lactation the correlation between DM and protein (0.72) was lower than between lactose and protein (0.76). For all lactations there were very high genetic correlations between DM and lactose (0.96–0.98) and high correlations between DM and MUN (0.63–0.83) and between lactose and MUN (0.70–0.85). The results suggest that further research is needed, focused on DM and its relationship with other traits in larger populations. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for milk production and persistency in the Iranian Holstein population by the multitrait random regression model

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khabat Kheirabadi ◽  
Sadegh Alijani
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Random Regression Model ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Fat Yield

Abstract. For genetic dissection of milk, fat, and protein production traits in the Iranian primiparous Holstein dairy cattle, records of these traits were analysed using a multitrait random regression test-day model. Data set included 763 505 test-day records from 88 204 cows calving since 1993. The (co)variance components were estimated by Bayesian method. The obtained results indicated that as in case of genetic correlations within traits, genetic correlations between traits decrease as days in milk (DIM) got further apart. The strength of the correlations decreased with increasing DIM, especially between milk and fat. Heritability estimates for 305-d milk, fat, and protein yields were 0.31, 0.29, and 0.29, respectively. Heritabilities of test-day milk, fat, and protein yields for selected DIM were higher in the end than at the beginning or the middle of lactation. Heritabilities for persistency ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 and were generally highest for protein yield (0.05 to 0.24) and lowest for fat yield (0.02 to 0.17), with milk yield having intermediate values (0.06 to 0.22). Genetic correlations between persistency measures and 305-d production were higher for protein and milk yield than for fat yield. The genetic correlation of the same persistency measures between milk and fat yields averaged 0.76, and between milk and protein yields averaged 0.82.

scholarly journals Phenotype correlations of linear assessment scores of type and production traits of Simmental cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Vlada Pantelic ◽  
Dragan Niksic ◽  
Nevena Maksimovic ◽  
Dusica Ostojic-Andric ◽  
Marina Lazarevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Fertility Traits

Determining the degree of correlation between two or more traits depends to a large extent on their manifestation. The knowledge of genetic and phenotypic correlations between body characteristics of the animal and product characteristics can help define the breeding goal, but also to define and harmonize the assessment criteria. Although the phenotypic and genetic correlations between the traits of body development and type and the milk yield show different degrees of variation, they should be taken into account in the final assessment of the breeding value of the animal so that the selection programs are more comprehesively defined. The examination of phenotypic correlations of linear assessment scores of the type, milk and fertility traits was performed on a total of 303 cows of the Simental breed in the first three lactations. The examination of phenotypic correlations included the following milk performance properties in the first three standard lactations: milk yield, milk fat content, milk fat yield, yield of 4% corrected milk; also fertility traits: age at current calving and service period in each lactation; while the linear type scoring included a group of traits: type or frame, muscularity, fundament, udder.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for production traits in primiparous Holstein cows estimated by random regression models

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor de Oliveira Biassus ◽  
Jaime Araújo Cobuci ◽  
Claudio Napolis Costa ◽  
Paulo Roberto Nogara Rorato ◽  
José Braccini Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Legendre Polynomials ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Residual Variances

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for milk, fat and protein yields of Holstein cows using 56,508; 35,091 and 8,326 test-day milk records from 7,015, 4,476 and 1,114 cows, calves of 359, 246 and 90 bulls, respectively. The additive genetic and permanent environmental effects were estimated using REML. Random regression models with Legendre polynomials from order 3 to 6 were used. Residual variances were considered homogeneous over the lactation period. The estimates of variance components showed similar trends, with an increase of the polynomial order for each trait. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.14 to 0.31; 0.03 to 0.21 and 0.09 to 0.33 for milk, fat and protein yield, respectively. Genetic correlations among milk, fat and protein yields ranged from 0.02 to 1.00; 0.34 to 1.00 and 0.42 to 1.00, respectively. Models with higher order Legendre polynomials are the best suited to adjust test-day data for the three production traits studied.

Dairy herd life in relation to linear type traits and production 1. Phenotypic and genetic analyses in pedigree type classified herds

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brotherstone ◽  
W. G. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Total Type

AbstractThe relation between survival to complete lactations 2, 3 and 4 and both linear type and production traits of pedigree Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle in the United Kingdom was analysed. There were records on 23 071 pedigree animals which were themselves type classified as heifers. The linear and quadratic phenotypic regressions of survival on most type traits were significant, even with yield fitted as a covariate. Phenotypic regressions of survival on milk, fat and protein yield were significantly positive, but that on protein content significantly negative. Phenotypic correlations with survival were under 0·1 for the linear traits, 0·16 for a subjective total type score, and 0·14 for milk yield. Genetic correlations between survival and type traits, estimated by multivariate restricted maximum likelihood, were as high as 0·4 for several traits of the udder and teats and for total score, and higher than for milk yield or composition. Regressions of survival on estimated sire transmitting abilities gave rather lower estimates of genetic correlations, except for total score. The results indicate that in these pedigree and classifying herds the total score is a culling criterion in its own right.

The Interleukin-8 gene polymorphism and its association with milk production traits in holstein cows

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aswah Ridhowi ◽  
Hsiu-Luan Chang ◽  
Chia-Lin Liang ◽  
Suyadi . ◽  
Ming-Che Wu
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Milk

This study proposed to identify a polymorphism in the IL8 gene in Holstein cows and analyze the relationship with milk production traits in Taiwanese Holstein cows. Investigations were done for single nucleotide polymorphism at position 2862 and the impact of IL8-T2862C polymorphism on the milk production traits of 68 Holstein cows was randomly analyzed by fixed effects model. No significant difference was found between genotypes for 305-2X-ME, fat%, protein%, total solid%, and somatic cell counts score (SCS). Significanteffects were observed on daily milk yield (MY), SCC (p>0.05), and lactose% (p>0.01). Cows with the CC genotype had less SCC compared with CT and TT ones. The allelic substitution effect was 0.70 kg daily milk yield for IL8 favorable allele T (p>0.05), and 3.24 x 104 cells/mL SCC for IL8favorable allele C (p>0.01). Significant dominance effects of IL8-T2862C on daily milk yield (1.22 kg,p>0.05) and lactose% (+0.07%, p>0.01) were found.

An association analysis between PRL genotype and milk production traits in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Aixin Liang ◽  
Zipeng Li ◽  
Chao Du ◽  
Guohua Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
River Buffalo ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Mediterranean River

This Research Communication describes the association between genetic variation within the prolactin (PRL) gene and the milk production traits of Italian Mediterranean river buffalo (Bufala mediterranea Italiana). High resolution melting (HRM) techniques were developed for genotyping 465 buffaloes. The association of genetic polymorphism with milk production traits was performed and subsequently the effects of parity and calving season were evaluated. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified at exons 2 and 5 and at introns 1 and 2. All the SNPs were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and statistical analysis showed that the polymorphism of intron1 was significantly (P < 0·05) associated with milk yield, milk protein content and peak milk yield. The average contribution of the intron1 genotype (r2intron1) to total phenotypic variance in milk production traits was 0·09, and the TT genotype showed lower values than CC and CT genotypes. A nonsynonymous SNP was identified in exon 2, which resulted in an amino acid change from arginine to cysteine. Moreover, the polymorphism of exon 2 was associated significantly with milk fat content (P < 0·05), and the buffaloes with TT genotype showed higher total fat content than the buffaloes with CT genotype. These findings provide evidence that polymorphisms of the buffalo PRL gene are associated with milk production traits and PRL can be used as a candidate gene for marker-assisted selection in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo breeding.

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