scholarly journals Causative agents of neonatal nosocomial infections and their resistance to antibiotics

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Markovic-Denic ◽  
Jasna Djurisic ◽  
Tatjana Nikolic ◽  
Ruzdi Ramadani ◽  
Slobodanka Ilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Introduction. The aim of the present study was to determine the most frequent microorganisms in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Material and methods. A 6-month prospective study was conducted in a NICU. All neonatal hospital infections were registered, and microorganisms were isolated by standard methods. Their susceptibility to antibiotics was tested using the disk diffusion method. Results. One hundred and fifty-four neonatal nosocomial infections were detected. 87% of all infections were supported by a microbiological diagnosis, and 144 pathogens were isolated. Gram-negative bacteria were dominant (80%). The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Acinetobacter spp. (47.9%), Pseudomonas spp, (23.6%), Klebsiella/Enterobacter spp. (8.3%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (8.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (6.3%) were the most frequent reported gram-positive bacteria. All microorganisms showed resistance to most of commonly used antibiotics. Conclusion. Environmental control around neonatal patients and strict antibiotic policy are important in prevention of nosocomial transmission of resistant bacteria in the NICUs. .

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility among carbapenem-resistant non-fermenting bacteria in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (06) ◽  
pp. 544-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Cordeiro Dias ◽  
Claudio Galuppo Diniz ◽  
Ana Claudia de Oliveira Peter ◽  
Andre Netto Bastos ◽  
Victor Quinnet de Andrade Bastos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction: Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are widespread in the environment and are increasingly associated with nosocomial infections. Extensive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in hospitals has contributed to an increased number of infections caused by these microorganisms, that are resistant to a wide variety of antimicrobials, including β-lactams. This study aimed to isolate and identify carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa from hospitalized patients, to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and to screen for blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-58, and blaOXA-143 genes among the isolated bacteria. Methodology: Antimicrobial resistance patterns were performed using the disk-diffusion method. Genetic markers related to carbapenem resistance were screened by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. (n = 44) and P. aeruginosa (n = 28) samples were isolated from patients admitted to a tertiary hospital. Polymyxin B was the only effective drug for all isolates. Considering the oxacillinase gene screening, genetic markers were observed only in Acinetobacter isolates. The most frequent genotype observed was blaOXA-23+/blaOXA-51+ (45.5%), followed by blaOXA-51+/blaOXA-143+ (41%). The oxacillinase genes blaOXA-24 and blaOXA-58 were not detected. High mortality rates (> 70%) were observed. Conclusions: The data suggest the need for rational use of antimicrobials associated with early diagnosis of multidrug-resistant bacteria, especially considering non-fermenting Gram-negative rods, which are widespread in hospitals. The findings of blaoxa-51‑ strains suggest the occurrence and spread of non-A. baumannii species throughout our hospitals. Effective implementation of surveillance programs in hospitals is needed to reduce infectious and resistant intra- and inter-species bacteria.

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Pasteurized Milk and Characterization of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin Resistance Genes

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
AGNÈS PERRIN-GUYOMARD ◽  
CHRISTOPHE SOUMET ◽  
ROLAND LECLERCQ ◽  
FLORENCE DOUCET-POPULAIRE ◽  
PASCAL SANDERS
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Milk Samples

The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in pasteurized milk was detected by plating 18 milk samples on selective media containing β-lactams, macrolides, or a glycopeptide. Most samples contained gram-positive bacteria that grew on agar plates containing oxacillin, erythromycin, and/or spiramycin. The disk-diffusion method confirmed resistance to erythromycin and/or spiramycin in 86 and 65% of the coryneform bacteria and Micrococcaceae tested, respectively. PCR and sequence analysis revealed the presence of an ermC gene in 2 of the 25 Micrococcaceae strains investigated for their resistance to erythromycin and/or spiramycin. None of the 14 corynebacteria strains resistant to erythromycin and/or spiramycin harbored the erm(X) gene. No gene transfer could be demonstrated between the two erm(C) staphylococcal isolates and recipient strains of Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 or Staphylococcus aureus 80CR5.

scholarly journals Multidrug-resistant Bacterial Profile and Patterns for Wound Infections in Nongovernmental Hospitals of Jordan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem A. Abu-Harirah ◽  
Audai Jamal Al Qudah ◽  
Emad Daabes ◽  
Kawther Faisal Amawi ◽  
Haitham Qaralleh
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Globally, multidrug-resistant bacteria affects wound infections, both hospital-acquired infections and community-acquired infections. The main isolates cultured from 607 subjects with wound infections were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. [multidrug resistant (MDR)]. Gram-negative bacteria caused most of the infections (67%) compared with gram-positive bacteria. Diabetic patients tend to have wound infections with mixed causative agents compared with non-diabetic patients.

Incidence of Resistance Phenotypes of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from an Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit Unicentric Prospective Transversal Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023-1025
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Boruga ◽  
Horia Tudor Stanca ◽  
Iulia Cristina Bagiu ◽  
Ioana Delia Horhat ◽  
Mihaela Craciunescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Multiple microbial resistance is a global alarming phenomenon in modern medicine, which is experiencing a decrease in the therapeutic options and in the rate of discovery of new antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of Escherichia coli resistance phenotypes to suitable antimicrobial chemotherapies in strains isolated from urine samples. The study was conducted between 01.04.2016 and 31.03.2017 in the Department of Microbiology of the Municipal Emergency Clinical Hospital of Timisoara - Obstetrics and Gynecology unit. We used 1931 urine samples collected from the patients in this department. Identification of pathogens was performed on the API system, and chemotherapy sensitivity testing was based on the disk diffusion method. Of the 1931 urine samples, 210 were non-sterile (94 samples from the obstetrics department, 116 from the gynaecology department). The identified pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (7 samples), coagulase-negative staphylococci (7 samples), Streptococcus spp. (37 samples), Escherichia coli (138 samples), Klebsiella spp. (9 samples), Proteus spp. (6 samples), Serratia spp. (6 samples). The identified resistance phenotypes for Escherichia coli strains were: wild-type strains (36) 25.92%, penicillinase-secreting strains (50) 35.84%, penicillinase-hypersecreting strains (26) 18.91% cephalosporinases (11) 7.98%, ESBL-producing strains (15) 11.17%. The prevention and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria requires knowledge of bacterial resistance mechanisms and the development and application of appropriate in-hospital protocols.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial activity of some essential oils and their blends against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from episodes of sheep mastitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Fratini ◽  
Margherita Giusti ◽  
Simone Mancini ◽  
Francesca Pisseri ◽  
Basma Najar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Thymus Serpyllum

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are among the major causes of mastitis in sheep. The main goal of this research was to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of several essential oils (EOs, n 30), then five of them were chosen and tested alone and in blends against staphylococci isolates. Five bacteria were isolated from episodes of ovine mastitis (two S. aureus and three S. xylosus). Biochemical and molecular methods were employed to identify the isolates and disk diffusion method was performed to determine their antimicrobial-resistance profile. The relative percentage of the main constituents in the tested essential oils and their blends was detected by GC-EIMS analysis. Antibacterial and bactericidal effectiveness of essential oils and blends were evaluated through minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). All of them showed sensitivity to the used antimicrobials. The EOs with the highest antibacterial activity were those belonging to the Lamiaceae family characterized by high concentrations of thymol, carvacrol and its precursor p-cymene, together with cinnamon EO, rich in cinnamaldehyde. In terms of both MIC and MBC values, the blend composed by Thymus capitatus EO 40%, Cinnamomum zeylanicum EO 20%, Thymus serpyllum EO 20% and Satureja montana EO 20% was found to be the most effective against all the isolates. Some essential oils appear to represent, at least in vitro, a valid tool against ovine mastitis pathogens. Some blends showed a remarkable effectiveness than the single oils, highlighting a synergistic effect in relation to the phytocomplex.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli from Raw Meats, Ready-to-Eat Meats, and Their Related Samples in One Health Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Frederick Adzitey ◽  
Nurul Huda ◽  
Amir Husni Mohd Shariff
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Raw Meats

Meat is an important food source that can provide a significant amount of protein for human development. The occurrence of bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobials in meat poses a public health risk. This study evaluated the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli (Escherichia coli) isolated from raw meats, ready-to-eat (RTE) meats and their related samples in Ghana. E. coli was isolated using the USA-FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion method. Of the 200 examined meats and their related samples, 38% were positive for E. coli. Notably, E. coli was highest in raw beef (80%) and lowest in RTE pork (0%). The 45 E. coli isolates were resistant ≥ 50% to amoxicillin, trimethoprim and tetracycline. They were susceptible to azithromycin (87.1%), chloramphenicol (81.3%), imipenem (74.8%), gentamicin (72.0%) and ciprofloxacin (69.5%). A relatively high intermediate resistance of 33.0% was observed for ceftriaxone. E. coli from raw meats, RTE meats, hands of meat sellers and working tools showed some differences and similarities in their phenotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns. Half (51.1%) of the E. coli isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The E. coli isolates showed twenty-two different resistant patterns, with a multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.0 to 0.7. The resistant pattern amoxicillin (A, n = 6 isolates) and amoxicillin-trimethoprim (A-TM, n = 6 isolates) were the most common. This study documents that raw meats, RTE meats and their related samples in Ghana are potential sources of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and pose a risk for the transfer of resistant bacteria to the food chain, environment and humans.

scholarly journals The prevalence of resistance to macrolides and lincosamides among community- and hospital- acquired staphylococci and streptococci isolates in southeast Serbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 384-390
Author(s):  
Milena Misic ◽  
Aleksandra Arsovic ◽  
Jelena Cukic ◽  
Milenko Rosic ◽  
Jelena Tosic-Pajic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
One Year ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Introduction/Objective. The increasing resistance to macrolides and lincosamides among staphylococci and streptococci is becoming a global problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) resistance phenotypes in staphylococcal and streptococcal isolates in southeast Serbia. Methods. The MLS phenotypes were determined by the double-disk diffusion method in 2,121 inpatient and outpatient staphylococcal and streptococcal isolates collected during a one-year period at the Center for Microbiology. Results. The methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolates were significantly more resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin (100%, 100%, 29.2%, 65.6%, and 53.1%, respectively) than the methicillin-sensitive ones (93.6%, 64.9%, 12%, 28.9%, and 11.7%, respectively). The inducible clindamycin resistance phenotype was dominant in S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates. S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and S. agalactiae isolates showed very high resistance to erythromycin (77.8%, 46.2%, and 32.4%, respectively). All staphylococci and streptococci isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid, and all beta-hemolytic streptococci isolates to penicillin and ceftriaxone. Conclusion. The phenotypic triage of staphylococci is necessary in order to separate inducible resistant and truly clindamycin-sensitive isolates. Macrolides should not be recommended for empirical therapy of streptococcal infections. Penicillins remain the drug of choice for treatment of streptococcal infections in our local area.

scholarly journals Detection of pathogenic bacteria associated with earphones used by students of Stamford University Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Omor Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
Md Raihan Ahmed ◽  
Md Raihan Dipu ◽  
Md Aftab Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The use of earphones has increased in recent times throughout the world especially among the different level of students such as school, college or university who have a higher tendency of sharing these among them. Unlike airline headsets, headphones and stethoscope ear-pieces, ear phones are often shared by multiple users and can be a potential medium for transmission of pathogens, which can give rise to various ear related infections. The objective of this study was to detect the pathogenic bacteria from the ear-phones used by the students of Stamford University Bangladesh. A total of 16 ear-phone swabs were collected by sterile cotton swabs. The swabs were inoculated onto blood agar and incubated aerobically overnight at 37oC. Microscopic observation and standard biochemical tests were performed to confirm the identification of all the bacterial isolates. Six presumptively identified Staphylococcus spp. (38%) were tested against six different types of antibiotics following Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Isolates were found to be 84% resistant against Cotrimoxazole and demonstrated 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin and Ciprorofloxacin. The findings of this study suggest the users to disinfect their respective ear phones and not to exchange them as they may act as a potential source to transfer pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria among the ear phone users. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 1-4

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Prismatomeris tetrandra K. Schum Root Extract against Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-348
Author(s):  
On-Anong SOMSAP
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Antibiotic resistance bacteria has become an increasing problem now today due to many factors. This study investigates the efficacy of Prismatomeris tetrandra K. Schum root extract as a new source of antibacterial activity for antibiotic resistant bacteria using agar well diffusion method. The results showed that S. aureus TISTR517 exhibited more sensitivity to P. tetrandra K. Schum root extract than other Gram-positive bacteria indicator strains. On the other hand, Gram-negative bacteria exhibited resistance to P. tetrandra K. Schum root extract. The study further showed the activity between P. tetrandra K. Schum root extract and gentamycin (10 µg), it revealed that MRSA142 was resistant to gentamycin (10µg) but sensitive to P. tetrandra K. Schum root extract. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was evaluated by using S. aureus TISTR517 and MRSA142 as indicator strains. The MIC value was 0.59 mg/mL and 1.17 mg/mL for S. aureus TISTR517 and MRSA142, respectively. MBC assay demonstrated that the MBC value was 9.75 mg/mL and 150 mg/mL for S. aureus TISTR517 and MRSA142 respectively. The mode of action was investigated with the presence of P. tetrandra K. Schum root extract in the culture broth. The action of P. tetrandra K. Schum root extract was revealed of bacteriostatic activity due to the Optical density (OD) at 600 nm and Colony-Forming Units (CFU) of indicator strains were continuously decreased.

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