scholarly journals The influence of increased rearing density on medial protocerebral neurosecretory neurons of Lymantria dispar L. caterpillars

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Ilijin ◽  
Vesna Peric-Mataruga ◽  
R. Radojicic ◽  
Milena Vlahovic ◽  
Marija Mrdakovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Brain Protein ◽  
Neurosecretory Neurons ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Rearing Density ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Cytological Characteristics ◽  
The Brain

Morphometric changes of A1, A1' and A2 protocerebral dorsomedial neurosecretory neurons, total brain protein content and brain protein profiles were analyzed in 4th instar Lymantria dispar larvae under elevated rearing density, i.e. under intense stress when 5 larvae were kept in a petri dish (V = 80 ml), less intense stress when 5 larvae were kept in a plastic cup (V = 300 ml). In the control samples the larvae were reared in isolated conditions. Protein pattern changes in the brain were observed. Proteins with the following molecular masses: 30, 14, 10 and 3.4-2.5 kD were detected in the experimental groups. The size and cytological characteristics of protocerebral dorsomedial neurosecretory neurons were changed under elevated rearing density.

scholarly journals Activity of gypsy moth dorsolateral neurosecretory neurons under increased rearing density

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 1085-1092
Author(s):  
Larisa Ilijin ◽  
Milena Vlahovic ◽  
Marija Mrdakovic ◽  
Jelica Lazarevic ◽  
Dragana Matic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neurosecretory Neurons ◽  
Rearing Density ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Group 5

Lymantria dispar caterpillars were reared under two different rearing densities for the first three days of the 4th larval instar: 5 larvae that were kept in a Petri dish (V = 80 ml) belonged to the intense stress (D1 group); 5 larvae that were kept in a plastic cup (V = 300ml) belonged to the group exposed to less intense stress (D2 group). In the control group, single larvae were reared in a Petri dish. Morphometric changes in L1, L2 and L2? dorsolateral neurosecretory neurons (nsn) were analyzed. After keeping 5 larvae in a Petri dish, the size of L2 neurosecretory neurons (nsn) significantly increased. Rearing 5 larvae in a plastic cup significantly increased the size of L1 nsn nuclei and the number of L2?nsn. A decrease in relative band densities in the region of molecular masses (11-15 kD) that correspond to prothoracicotropic hormones in the gypsy moth was observed in the electrophoretic profiles that were obtained after both treatments in comparison to the control group.

Ultrastructural morphology of neurosecretory neurons in the barnacle Balanus amphitrite

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
Grazia Tagliafierro ◽  
Cristiana Crosa ◽  
Marco Canepa ◽  
Tiziano Zanin
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Balanus Amphitrite ◽  
Neurosecretory Neurons ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Dense Core Granules ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ocellar Nerve

Barnacles are very specialized Crustacea, with strongly reduced head and abdomen. Their nervous system is rather simple: the brain or supra-oesophageal ganglion (SG) is a small bilobed structure and the toracic ganglia are fused into a single ventral mass, the suboesophageal ganglion (VG). Neurosecretion was shown in barnacle nervous system by histochemical methods and numerous putative hormonal substances were extracted and tested. Recently six different types of dense-core granules were visualized in the median ocellar nerve of Balanus hameri and serotonin and FMRF-amide like substances were immunocytochemically detected in the nervous system of Balanus amphitrite. The aim of the present work is to localize and characterize at ultrastructural level, neurosecretory neuron cell bodies in the VG of Balanus amphitrite.Specimens of Balanus amphitrite were collected in the port of Genova. The central nervous system were Karnovsky fixed, osmium postfixed, ethanol dehydrated and Durcupan ACM embedded. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Ultrastructural observations were made on a Philips M 202 and Zeiss 109 T electron microscopy.

New insights into the brain protein metabolism of Gastrodia elata-treated rats by quantitative proteomics

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 2468-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arulmani Manavalan ◽  
Lin Feng ◽  
Siu Kwan Sze ◽  
Jiang-Miao Hu ◽  
Klaus Heese
Keyword(s):  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Quantitative Proteomics ◽  
Brain Protein ◽  
Gastrodia Elata ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Dietary γ-Aminobutyric Acid Affects the Brain Protein Synthesis Rate in Ovariectomized Female Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyo TUJIOKA ◽  
Miho OHSUMI ◽  
Kenji HORIE ◽  
Mujo KIM ◽  
Kazutoshi HAYASE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis Rate ◽  
Brain Protein ◽  
Brain Protein Synthesis ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Biogenic amines in protocerebral A2 neurosecretory neurons of Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae): Response to trophic stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Peric-Mataruga ◽  
Marija Mrdakovic ◽  
Milena Vlahovic ◽  
Larisa Ilijin ◽  
Jankovic Tomanic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Neurosecretory Neurons ◽  
Population Origin ◽  
Two Populations

The number, morphometric parameters and amount of aminergic neurosecretory product of protocerebral A2 neurosecretory neurons were investigated in the fifth instar of Lymantria dispar caterpillars, following a suitable or unsuitable trophic regime. Caterpillars originated from two populations (Quercus rubra or Robinia pseudoacacia forest) and were differently adapted to trophic stress, i.e. feeding on locust tree leaves - unsuitable host plant. The number of neurosecretory neurons was higher in the caterpillars originated from Robinia population than in Quercus population, regardless of feeding. A2 neurosecretory neurons, nuclei and their nucleoli were larger in caterpillars fed with unsuitable leaves in both populations. There was more aminergic product in the A2 neurosecretory neurons of the caterpillars fed with unsuitable leaves independently of population origin.

scholarly journals Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on the Brain; Simultaneous Assessment of Glucose Uptake, Blood Flow, Neural Activity and Cognitive Function during Normo- and Hypoglycemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina E. Almby ◽  
Martin H. Lundqvist ◽  
Niclas Abrahamsson ◽  
Sofia Kvernby ◽  
Markus Fahlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Counterregulatory Hormones ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

While Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) surgery in obese individuals typically improves glycemic control and prevents diabetes, it also frequently causes hypoglycemia. Previous work showed attenuated counter-regulatory responses following RYGB. The underlying mechanisms as well as the clinical consequences are unclear. <p>In this study, 11 non-diabetic subjects with severe obesity were investigated pre- and post-RYGB during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamps. Assessments were made of hormones, cognitive function, cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling, brain glucose metabolism by FDG PET and activation of brain networks by functional MRI. Post- vs pre-surgery, we found a general increase of cerebral blood flow but a decrease of total brain FDG uptake during normoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, there was a marked increase in total brain FDG uptake and this was similar for post- and pre-surgery, whereas hypothalamic FDG uptake was reduced. During hypoglycemia, attenuated responses of counterregulatory hormones and improvements in cognitive function were seen post-surgery. In early hypoglycemia, there was increased activation post- vs pre-surgery of neural networks in CNS regions implicated in glucose regulation such as the thalamus and hypothalamus. The results suggest adaptive responses of the brain that contribute to lowering of glycemia following RYGB, and the underlying mechanisms should be further elucidated.</p>

6. What do more intelligent brains look like?

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
Intelligence Scores ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Connections

‘What do more intelligent brains look like?’ considers a study that used data from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 to test the strength of the correlation between the general intelligence scores of the participants and different measures of their brain’s structure. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure total brain volume, brain cortical thickness, brain white matter integrity (or health), and brain white matter hyperintensities. The study showed that people who have higher general intelligence tend to have larger brains, thicker grey matter on the surface of the brain, and healthier white matter brain connections. The associations are not strong, but some aspects of brain structure do relate to intelligence test scores.

Dysregulation in the Brain Protein Profile of Zebrafish Lacking the Parkinson’s Disease-Related Protein DJ-1

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 8306-8322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Edson ◽  
Helena A. Hushagen ◽  
Ann Kristin Frøyset ◽  
Inga Elda ◽  
Essa A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Brain Protein ◽  
The Brain
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