scholarly journals Flowering During January in Antigonish County, Nova Scotia

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Garbary ◽  
Barry R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense

Over 85 records of 23 species of blooming, herbaceous angiosperms were made at 19 sites in Antigonish County between 7 and 21 January 2006, when daytime temperatures reached 15°C. These observations followed an unusually warm fall and early winter. All species were observed on waste ground or in fields and garden plots, except for Epigaea repens L. which was part of ground vegetation in a sparsely wooded site. The primary families represented were Asteraceae (six species), Brassicaceae (six species) and Carophyllaceae (four species). The most commonly observed plants were Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber (11 sites), Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. (nine sites), Thlaspi arvense L. (three sites) and Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (four sites). Many plants and inflorescences were conspicuously frost-damaged, and flowers were rarely fully open. In several species, e.g., T. arvense and Cerastium vulgatum L., many individual plants looked normal and there was no evidence of frost damage. These observations are the latest flowering records for Nova Scotia.

Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule), Common Chickweed (Stellaria media), Shepherd's-Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), and Field Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense): Fecundity, Seed Dispersal, Dormancy, and Emergence

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin C. Hill ◽  
Karen A. Renner ◽  
Christy L. Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Seed Fate ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Field Pennycress ◽  
Winter Annuals ◽  
Winter Annual

Winter annual weeds protect the soil from erosion and retain nutrients during the winter; however, they can also act as a host for crop pests and pathogens and impede planting. Increased knowledge of the reproductive biology and the seed fate of winter annuals would be useful to improve management and crop productivity. The objectives of this research were to determine the recruitment biology of shepherd's-purse, henbit, common chickweed, and field pennycress, including seed production, dispersal, dormancy, and seedling emergence, based on growing degree days (GDD). Henbit was the least prolific of the four weeds studied, producing 800 to 40,000 seeds m−2at naturally occurring densities; shepherd's-purse was the most prolific, producing 11,000 to 400,000 seeds m−2with 40 to 230 plants m−2. Fifty percent seed rain occurred for henbit, common chickweed, shepherd's-purse, and field pennycress at 620, 790, 880, and 1300 GDDBase,0C, respectively. Overall, seeds were dormant for all species at the time of dispersal. In 2 of 3 yr, dormancy of later-dispersed common chickweed decreased after 6 mo of storage at natural, fluctuating temperatures in the absence of water. The emergence patterns of the four species followed the Gompertz equation and were indicative of facultative winter annuals. The emergence patterns by rate were similar between henbit and common chickweed and between shepherd's-purse and field pennycress. Seed production, dispersal, dormancy, and seedling emergence were influenced by moisture; therefore, including a precipitation or soil moisture component into a GDD model (such as the use of hydrothermal time) would improve the accuracy of predicting winter annual reproduction, seed fate, and emergence.

Life cycles of four species of Pseudocalanus in Nova Scotia

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. McLaren ◽  
Estelle Laberge ◽  
C. J. Corkett ◽  
J.-M. Sévigny
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Scotian Shelf

The primarily arctic Pseudocalanus acuspes, relict in Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia, produces a first generation (G1) in late winter; most G1 individuals mature in late spring. The G1 then produces a G2, most of which "rest" in copepodite stages III and IV until early winter. These stages store large amounts of lipid in early summer, which slowly diminish subsequently. A small number of G2 individuals continue to develop at temperature-dependent rates, maturing in early autumn and producing G3 adults in November. Copepodites developing in winter and spring store less lipid. The primarily arctic Pseudocalanus minutus, rare in Bedford Basin and on the Scotia Shelf, is strictly annual, developing to a lipid-filled copepodite stage V after spawning in late winter. The arctic–temperate Pseudocalanus newmani is abundant on the Scotian Shelf, but may not be self-sustaining when advected into Bedford Basin. It stores little lipid and appears to have at least three mature generations at temperature-dependent intervals over Browns Bank between May and November. It may rest in winter, or its life-cycle synchrony by spring could result from food-limited development during winter. The temperate Pseudocalanus moultoni appears to have a life cycle similar to that of P. newmani, but was less common during summer on Browns Bank. These life cycles are appropriately adapted to the geographical ranges of the species, and show some parallels with species of Calanus.

Vegetation development in a hardwood-forest chronosequence in Nova Scotia

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Crowell ◽  
B. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Mature Stands ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

Vegetation and aboveground biomass and nutrient capital (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) were examined in a 22-stand, 75-year chronosequence within an angiosperm-dominated forest in Nova Scotia. Stands 20 years old and younger originated with clear-cutting, whereas older stands originated with wildfire. Early successional, ruderal species of vascular plants were prominent for ca. 5 years after clear-cutting, but they occurred as a part of a diverse, species-rich community dominated by more-tolerant species, many of which survived the disturbance of clear-cutting. The rate of accumulation of aboveground biomass averaged 2.2 t•ha−1•year−1 during the first 11 years after clear-cutting, 4.7 t•ha−1•year−1 between 11 and 30 years, and then decreased to 1.5 t•ha−1•year−1 between 30 and 75 years. Foliage biomass recovered to a quantity typical of mature stands within only 3–5 years of disturbance, as a result of the vigorous growth of both ground vegetation and stump sprouts of certain tree species. The patterns of accumulation of N, P, K, and Mg were similar to that of biomass, except that initially their relative rates of accumulation were faster because of the large proportion of nutrient-rich foliage in young stands. The accumulation of Ca was relatively slower, because of its large concentration in tree bark, a tissue whose proportion in the aboveground biomass reached a maximum much later than did foliage.

COD MOVEMENTS ON THE CANADIAN ATLANTIC COAST

1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 433-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. McKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Glace Bay

From 1925 to 1933 inclusive, during the summer season, 8,774 cod were tagged at eight points along the coasts of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island and eight per cent were recaptured during the following years, none after the sixth.Cod performing a restricted migration (less than 40 kilometres) were found to be in the majority off Halifax from July to September and off Shelburne in June and August in certain areas.Near Seal island in June, off Shelburne in July and September, and off Glace Bay in July and August, the majority of the cod were found to show orderly extended migrations. In the first two instances this movement was shoreward in the summer and seaward to about 130 metres in the early winter. The Glace Bay cod moved from the offshore banks just west of the Laurentian channel to the Cape Breton vicinity in the summer, returning early in the winter.A small percentage of the various stocks of cod performed roving migrations.The complete forsaking of the Cape Breton district for the offshore banks in the winter is attributed to the unfavourable ice cold water, while south-westward of Canso the movement off shore is thought to be caused by the very warm water inshore in the autumn and continued through the influence of the cold inshore waters several months later.As they grow older, the Shelburne cod remain progressively a little farther off shore when they move to shoal water each summer.

scholarly journals Etnobotanička primjena biljaka i samoniklih gljiva u narodnoj medicini i ljudskoj prehrani Općine Vitez (Bosna i Hercegovina)

Krmiva ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Ivana Vitasović-Kosić ◽  
Katarina Gugić ◽  
Boris Dorbić
Keyword(s):  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtillus ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Boletus Edulis

Na širem području zapadnog Balkana ljudi su često tijekom povijesti gladovali, iako ih je okruživala vrlo bogata jestiva samonikla flora. U ovom radu dokumentirana je upotreba samoniklog bilja i gljiva na području Općine Vitez, kao i podaci o specifičnim lokalnim nazivima biljaka, njihovoj upotrebi, tradicijskim običajima i nematerijalnoj baštini vezanim uz samoniklo bilje i gljive. Dubinskim polustrukturiranim intervjuima zabilježeno je 66 biljnih vrsta (koje su raspoređene unutar 39 biljnih porodica) i 9 vrsta gljiva (unutar šest porodica). Prema rezultatima istraživanja najveći broj biljaka se koristi kao ljekovito bilje (53 vrste) i kao hrana za ljude (34 vrste). Vrste s najvećom frekvencijom jesu: Rubus idaeus, Urtica dioca, Vaccinium myrtillus, Sambucus nigra, Taraxacum officinale, Corylus avellana itd. Ovim istraživanjem zabilježene su zanimljive upotrebe: svježa salata od vrste Stellaria media (mišjakinja), čaj od cvjetova Hedera helix (bršljan) za liječenje gnojnih krajnika i fistula te ljekovita mast protiv ozeblina od Loranthus europaeus (žuta imela). Kao najčešće konzumirane samonikle gljive zabilježene su: Boletus edulis (ljetni / pravi vrganj), Lactarius sanguifluus (krvava mliječnica) i Cantharellus cibarius (lisičarka). Zaključno, tradicionalna upotreba samoniklog bilja još uvijek je dosta zastupljena u svakodnevnom životu stanovnika istraživanog područja te se i dalje prenosi usmenim putem s generacije na generaciju.

SPECIES COMPOSITION OF WEEDS IN RAPESEED CROPS IN GEOGRAPHICALLY REMOTE REGIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF LIPETSK AND SVERDLOVSK REGIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
N.N. Luneva ◽  
◽  
A.S. Tret'yakova ◽  
P.V. Kondratkov ◽  
V.L. Zakharov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Echinochloa Crusgalli ◽  
Erodium Cicutarium ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Silene Pratensis ◽  
Heat And Moisture

The aim of the study is to identify differences in the species composition of weeds in spring rapeseed crops in two geographically remote regions of the Russian Federation – Lipetsk (Central black earth region) and Sverdlovsk (Ural region). The analysis was carried out using methods of comparative Floristics and distribution of species by classes of constancy of occurrence. Differences between segetal weed flora elements in the agrophytocenoses of canola compare regions, as in floral structure, consisting of the first two "triads" of the floristic spectra and confirmed the low rate coefficient of species similarity. Species differences are represented by species that pollute rapeseed crops only in one of the compared regions. Among the species common to the agrophytocenoses of rapeseed in the two regions are such species as, Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Silene praténsis (Rafn) Godr., Euphorbia helioscopia L, Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Loeve, Viola arvensis Murr. they are characterized by higher rates of occurrence in the Lipetsk region, and Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bess, Erodium cicutarium (L.) L. Her., Thlaspi arvense L. – in the Sverdlovsk region. The dominant species in the Lipetsk region are Raphanus raphanistrum L., Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Silene praténsis (Rafn) Godr., and in the Sverdlovsk region - Galium vaillantii DC., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Thlaspi arvense L., Chenopodium album L., Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bess. To protect rapeseed crops from weeds in different regions that differ in terms of heat and moisture availability, it is necessary to develop regional protection systems, preceded by mandatory monitoring studies.

Winter-hardiness trials of Vaccinium corymbosum L. in Nova Scotia

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Vander Kloet ◽  
K. B. McRae
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Highbush Blueberries ◽  
Mountain Plants

In order to assess cold tolerance in V. corymbosum L. in Nova Scotia, 336 even-aged seedlings from 21 locations (representing five different habitats and six eastern North American floristic regions) were set out at the Kentville Research Centre in 1978. Frost damage is largely restricted to Coastal Plain plants and to a lesser extent the Appalachian Mountain plants. Principal component analysis indicates that berry weight co-varies negatively with winter-kill and days from the anthesis until fruit ripening. Hardy plants that flower in early May also need the fewest days to produce ripe fruit. Among the 23 early flowering biotypes, six early fruiting biotypes were identified. Key words: Vaccinium corymbosum, highbush blueberries, frost tolerance, drought tolerance, early flowering and fruiting biotypes

scholarly journals Ground Vegetation Survey for Xylella fastidiosa in California Almond Orchards

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine B. Shapland ◽  
Kent M. Daane ◽  
Glenn Y. Yokota ◽  
Christina Wistrom ◽  
Joseph H. Connell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Digestion ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Almond Orchards

Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterium that causes almond leaf scorch (ALS), Pierce's disease of grapevines, and other plant diseases. We surveyed ground vegetation in ALS-infected almond orchards in California's Central Valley for the presence of this bacterium. Plant tissue samples were collected throughout a 2-year period and processed for the presence of X. fastidiosa using restriction enzyme digestion of RST31 and RST33 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products and bacterial culture on selective media. Overall disease incidence was low in the ground vegetation species; only 63 of 1,369 samples tested positive. Of the 38 species of common ground vegetation tested, 11 tested positive for X. fastidiosa, including such common species as shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), filaree (Erodium spp.), cheeseweed (Malva parvifolia), burclover (Medicago polymorpha), annual bluegrass (Poa annua) London rocket (Sisymbrium irio), and chickweed (Stellaria media). There was a seasonal component to bacterial presence, with positive samples found only between November and March. Both ground vegetation and almond trees were most commonly infected with the almond strain of X. fastidiosa (six of seven surveyed sites). ALS-infected almond samples had an X. fastidiosa concentration within previously reported ranges (1.84 × 106 to 2.15 × 107 CFU/g); however, we were unable to accurately measure X. fastidiosa titer in sampled ground vegetation for comparison. These results are discussed with respect to ground vegetation management for ALS control.

Response of processing carrot to metribuzin on mineral soils in Nova Scotia

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. N. Jensen ◽  
D. J. Doohan ◽  
E. G. Specht
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Mineral Soils

Metribuzin was examined as an alternative to linuron and prometryn when prometryn-treated processed carrot in Atlantic Canada in the 1990s could not be exported to the United States, where prometryn was not registered for this crop. Field studies demonstrated that 280 g ha-1 metribuzin applied after the three-leaf crop stage resulted in only minor injury and no yield loss for both a metribuzin-tolerant (Caro-Choice) and -sensitive (Dominator) cultivar. Metribuzin applied either pre- or post-emergence controlled two Matricaria species, chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Vill.] and shepherd’s-purse [Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.], equivalent to approved prometryn and linuron treatments. Controlled environment studies were conducted to examine the effect of crop growth stage, temperature and soil pH on metribuzin injury to carrot. Differential tolerance between the two cultivars occurred only up to the three-leaf stage. Under controlled environment conditions, carrot injury to metribuzin increased threefold as soil pH increased from 6.5 to 7.4. There was little injury when metribuzin was applied postemergence under cool temperatures (15/10°C), but injury increased from 25 to 85% under 20/15°C and 30/25°C regimes. Lower temperatures and naturally low pH soils contribute to carrot tolerance to metribuzin under Nova Scotia conditions. Based on this research, metribuzin at 280 g ha-1 applied after the three-leaf stage of carrot was approved for use in the Atlantic provinces. Key words: Daucus carota L., cultivar tolerance, soil pH effects, temperature effects, weed control

A NEW PHYTOSEIID (ACARINA: MESOSTIGMATA) FROM APPLE IN NOVA SCOTIA

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1022-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Specht ◽  
Aly H. Rasmy
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Apple Trees

AbstractThe female of Amblyseius duncansoni n. sp., is described and illustrated. It was taken in Nova Scotia from the bark of dormant apple trees in early winter and prior to bud burst.

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