SPECIES COMPOSITION OF WEEDS IN RAPESEED CROPS IN GEOGRAPHICALLY REMOTE REGIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF LIPETSK AND SVERDLOVSK REGIONS

The aim of the study is to identify differences in the species composition of weeds in spring rapeseed crops in two geographically remote regions of the Russian Federation – Lipetsk (Central black earth region) and Sverdlovsk (Ural region). The analysis was carried out using methods of comparative Floristics and distribution of species by classes of constancy of occurrence. Differences between segetal weed flora elements in the agrophytocenoses of canola compare regions, as in floral structure, consisting of the first two "triads" of the floristic spectra and confirmed the low rate coefficient of species similarity. Species differences are represented by species that pollute rapeseed crops only in one of the compared regions. Among the species common to the agrophytocenoses of rapeseed in the two regions are such species as, Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Silene praténsis (Rafn) Godr., Euphorbia helioscopia L, Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Loeve, Viola arvensis Murr. they are characterized by higher rates of occurrence in the Lipetsk region, and Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bess, Erodium cicutarium (L.) L. Her., Thlaspi arvense L. – in the Sverdlovsk region. The dominant species in the Lipetsk region are Raphanus raphanistrum L., Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Silene praténsis (Rafn) Godr., and in the Sverdlovsk region - Galium vaillantii DC., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Thlaspi arvense L., Chenopodium album L., Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bess. To protect rapeseed crops from weeds in different regions that differ in terms of heat and moisture availability, it is necessary to develop regional protection systems, preceded by mandatory monitoring studies.

The chloroplast localization of protease mediated by the potato rbcS signal peptide and its improvement for construction of photorespiratory bypasses

Location of the proteases would affect on protease stability and photorespiratory bypass pathway, while it is unsolved. Potato rbcS signal peptide was analyzed and constructed into the protease for study of their localization site. The tartronate semialdehyde reductase (EcTSR) proteins could be accurately and efficiently located in chloroplast only when this signal peptide was extended to 80 amino acids. The signal peptide would help malate synthase (CmMS) locate to the surface of chloroplast, to form granules on the outer membrane of chloroplast. The whole spectrum scanning showed that these proteins could enter chloroplast. A signal peptide named PCS1 (Peptide of self-cleavage site 1) carrying a self-cleavage site was designed, and sixteen amino acids from the blue pigment precursor protein of chloroplast positioning signal of Silene pratensis were added to the C-terminal of PCS1. Transient expression, Western blot analysis and full-spectrum scanning showed that PCS1 could locate the EcTSR to the chloroplast, after the removal of the signal peptide.

Experiences with invasive plant management and ecology in Alberta

A number of invasive plant management strategies, including competition, fertilizer, herbicide, combination of fertilizer and herbicide, biological control, mowing, grazing management, prevention, eradication and education have been investigated and employed in Alberta. The integrated weed management (IWM) strategies are overlapping, interconnected and based on ecological principles. Research on several invasive plant species, including ox-eye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.), scentless chamomile [Tripleurospermum perforatum (Mérat) Laínz] and white cockle [Silene pratensis (Raf.) Godr. & Gren.] has provided ecological information showing the importance of maintaining healthy, competitive plant communities. Key words: Invasive plants, management, ox-eye daisy, competition, Alberta

The Expression of the Isovitexin 7-O-Xylosylating Gene gX in Silene pratensis and S. dioica is Restricted to the Petals

The isovitexin-O-glycosylation patterns of rosette leaves, stem leaves and petals of Silene dioica plants were investigated. The 7-O -xylosylation of isovitexin, controlled by gene gX, only occurs in the petals. In the leaves isovitexin is 7-O -galactosylated, which is controlled by gene Xgal. Acyl groups may be linked to either the 7-O- or the 2″-O-substituted sugar; the former only occurs in the leaves, whereas the latter takes place both in leaves and petals. The restriction of the gX controlled enzyme activity and its product to the petals of Silene dioica plants is in complete agreement with previously obtained results (reference [2]) on the expression of g X in the genetic background of the closely related Silene pratensis, into which gX can be introduced by introgressive hybridization.On the basis of serological enzym e inhibition studies, it is argued that the absence of 7-O-xylosylation in the leaves is not due to post-translational inactivation of the gX controlled enzyme. The regulation of the expression of gene gX throughout ontogeny therefore differs markedly from that of two allelic g locus variants, controlling the 7-O-glucosylation of isovitexin.