scholarly journals Overview of salient economic features of the modes of freight transport for use in the formulation of national transport policy in South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wessel Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Cost Structures ◽  
The Cost

Defining the economic role of the various modes of freight transport should be one of the basic ingredients of both an economically rational transport policy and the effective functioning of the existing free freight transport market in South Africa. In the interest of the national economy and in the commercial interest of freight carriers, national policy on freight transport should take cognisance of (1) why governments involve themselves in transport, (2) the policy instruments of governments that affect the performance of the freight transport sector, and (3) the salient economic features of the freight transport market that should be considered in the formulation of transport policy. The goal of the research was to compile an overview of these three aspects. The research approach and methodology combine (1) a literature survey; (2) an analysis of the cost structures of freight transport modes; and (3) interviews conducted with specialists in the freight transport industry.

scholarly journals Comparative economic efficiency, operating costs and fuel consumption rates of freight transport modes between the largest industrial cities and seaports in South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Wessel Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Cost Structures ◽  
Industrial Cities ◽  
Transport Industry ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Enhance Efficiency ◽  
The Cost

The paper deals with aspects of efficiency within the five modes of freight transport, with special reference to the operating cost and fuel consumption rates between South Africa’s largest industrial cities and seaports. In particular, the paper deals with (a) the opportunities that exist for the achievement of efficiency in freight transport; (b) the subgroups of economies that can enhance efficiency attainment in the freight transport industry; (c) prevailing cost structures, operating cost and fuel consumption rates within the five modes of freight transport; and (d) the salient economic features of the freight transport market. The research approach and methodology combine (a) a literature survey; (b) empiric research, (c) an analysis of the cost structures of freight transport operators from different modes of transport; and (d) interviews conducted with specialists in the freight transport industry.

scholarly journals Opportunities for the achievement of economies of scale in freight transport.

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wessel Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Cost Structures ◽  
Transport Industry ◽  
Enhance Efficiency ◽  
The Cost

In the interest of both the national economy and the commercial freight industry, government freight transport policy formulators and freight transport industry decision makers should take cognisance of (a) the opportunities that exist for the achievement of economies in freight transport; (b) the subgroups of economies that can enhance efficiency attainment in the freight transport industry; (c) prevailing cost levels and structures within the five modes of freight transport; and (d) the salient economic features of the freight transport market. This paper presents an overview of these four aspects. The research approach and methodology combine (a) a literature survey; (b) an analysis of the cost structures of freight transport modes; and (c) interviews conducted with specialists in the freight transport industry.

scholarly journals The regulation of commercial petroleum pipeline operations: a South African example

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wessel Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Petroleum Refining ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Pipeline Transport ◽  
Regulatory Aspects ◽  
Cost Structures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ownership Patterns

This paper provides an overview of a study of economic regulatory aspects of commercial petroleum pipeline operations. It addresses (1) the market structure, ownership patterns, and relative efficiency of petroleum pipeline transport; (2) pipeline operating costs; (3) proposed pricing principles. The research approach and methodology combine (1) a literature survey; (2) analysis of the cost structures of large commercial petroleum pipeline operators; and (3) interviews conducted with specialists in the petroleum refining and pipeline industries. The potential value of the research lies mainly in the developed guidelines for the economic regulation of market entry and pricing of the carriage of petroleum commodities by pipeline.

scholarly journals Revitalisation of branch lines in South Africa: A long-term view for sustainability

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zane Simpson ◽  
Jan Havenga
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
Core Line ◽  
Closure Decisions

South Africa's national railway management is considering the further closing of a number of branch lines due to profitability pressures from stakeholders. This paper cautions against a myopic approach to such closures. Traditionally these decisions are driven by short-term profit motives realised through resulting core line densification. The research presented in this paper demonstrates the importance of 1) taking cognisance of potential branch lines flows; 2) considering freight transport externalities and road usage costs; and 3) understanding long-term demand, in informing closure decisions. The research results reveal considerable volume opportunities for branch lines which, if captured, will significantly reduce both the direct transport costs for this traffic as well as externality charges for the economy. This will therefore not only render rural economies more competitive but also enable the provision of more sustainable freight transport to these communities. The research approach will be of value to researchers in both developed and developing economies to inform the continuous debate regarding rail rationalisation and rail revival.

scholarly journals Koszty zewnętrzne transportu w Polsce

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Pawłowska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Effective Transport ◽  
The Cost

The development of transport sector is very closely linked to the process of socio-economic development. The interrelations between transport and economic growth are complex and there are many feedbacks. Transport has a vital role – it brings the markets closer together, increases production, activates regions around the infrastructure, enabling other sectors to function smoothly. Transport is also the source of many significant negative externalities for the environment, society and economy. It also turns out that, despite many years of experience in the study of the external effects and costs of transport, there are still large discrepancies in approaches and research methods, as well as terminology and rules for defining the concepts. The aim of this article is to review available studies on the estimation of external costs and to estimate these costs for transport in Poland using methods recommended by the European Commission. Knowledge of the cost external of transport is the basis for the internalisation of these costs and it allow to choose the most effective transport policy instruments.

scholarly journals The Application of the Multiple Criteria Decision Aid to Assess Transport Policy Measures Focusing on Innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nosal Hoy ◽  
Katarzyna Solecka ◽  
Andrzej Szarata
Keyword(s):  
Decision Aid ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Aid

The sustainable development of transport is fostered by innovations. To implement innovations, the European Commission issues different regulations, programs and initiatives and the European Transport Policy has a significant impact on transport policy in the member states. At the same time, transport policy is dynamic and requires new solutions that will allow the planned goals to be achieved. In this context, it is important to analyze the effectiveness of the current innovation policies, and to create recommendations for future actions that bring innovations to the market. This article concerns the subject of innovation policy in the transport sector. It illustrates the possibility of applying one of the methods of the multiple criteria decision aid, i.e., the simple additive weighting (SAW) method to assess the European Union (EU) and national policy measures in surface transport in terms of their influence on the market take-up of innovations. The use of this method allows for the analyzed policy measures to be contemplated in terms of various criteria and to identify those that best meet the adopted criteria, and thus those that could contribute the most to the stimulation of innovation. The article focuses on the method itself, indicating its flexibility and ease of use, while the analyzed collection of policy measures constitutes only the background of the deliberations.

scholarly journals South Africa’s rising logistics costs: An uncertain future

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. Havenga ◽  
Zane P. Simpson ◽  
Anneke De Bod ◽  
Nadia M. Viljoen
Keyword(s):  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Cost Driver ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Freight Logistics ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
The Cost

A country’s competitiveness can be severely hampered by an uncompetitive freight logistics system. During the first decade of the 21st century, two in-depth models were developed for South Africa which provide a framework for measuring and improving the country’s freight logistics system – the cost of logistics survey and the freight demand model. These models also allow for the development of scenarios for key identified risks. The objectives of this study were to provide an overview of South Africa’s surface freight transport industry,identify key risks to national competitiveness and suggest ways in which these risks could be mitigated. Freight flows were modelled by disaggregating the national input–output model into 372 origin–destination pairs and 71 commodity groups, followed by distance decay gravity-modelling. Logistics costs were calculated by relating commodity-level freight flows to the costs of fulfilling associated logistical functions. South Africa’s economy is highly transport intensive. Excessive dependence on road freight transport exacerbates this situation. Furthermore, the road freight transport’s key cost driver is fuel, driven in turn by the oil price. Scenario analysis indicated the risk posed by this rising and volatile input and should provide impetus for policy instruments to reduce transport intensity. As such, this study concluded that a reduction in freight transport intensity is required to reduce exposure to volatile international oil prices.

scholarly journals Calculation of freight externality costs for South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefaan Swarts ◽  
David King ◽  
Zane Simpson ◽  
Jan Havenga ◽  
Leila Goedhals-Gerber
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of this study is to quantify the marginal external costs associated with freight transport in South Africa. Six cost elements are included as externality cost items, namely, costs related to accidents, emissions, roadway land availability, policing, noise and congestion. Inputs in the calculations were a gravity-oriented freight flow model, a road transport cost model, actual transport costs for other modes, a warehousing cost survey, an inventory delay calculation and various national sources of information such as accident statistics and government budgets. Estimation techniques resulted in advances for externality cost measurement in South Africa. The quantification of the cost elements will be used to update the South African Freight Demand Model. The results show that the cost of transportation would have been 20% more if external factors were taken into account. The marginal rates of externalities can be used to develop scenarios based on alternative choices for South Africa's freight transport infrastructure configuration.

Implantação do aterro sanitário no município de Marituba-PA e os efeitos sobre as comunidades do entorno

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moisés Rita Vasconcelos Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

The municipality of Marituba, Metropolitan Region of Belém - RMB, has suffered environmental impacts due to irregularities in the landfill operation implemented in 2015, which triggered social impacts perceived by all the population, including neighboring municipalities, such as Ananindeua and Belém Protests were carried out by the Movement Outside the Garbage that is constituted by the dwellings of the surrounding neighborhoods to the place where the embankment is located, of owners of commercial activities linked to the tourism and Non Governmental Organizations that interrupted several times the transit of the main route that interconnects the seven municipalities of the RMB and the entrance of the embankment, in order to draw the attention of the municipal public power to the problems that the population would have been facing ever since. From this, the following questions arose: What social impacts would people be making in these protests? Would such problems be directly related to the activities carried out in the landfill? And finally, what are the actions of the public authority and the company that manages the enterprise in the management of these social impacts? The relevance of this study concerns not only the identification of social impacts considering the fragility of this approach in the Environmental Impact Studies and concomitantly in the Reports of Environmental Impacts, but also, from the point of view of the debate about the licensing process of enterprises of this nature and employment and the need for the joint use of environmental and urban policy instruments, considering that RMB municipalities have not yet used sustainable alternatives for the reduction of solid waste produced in their territories, as well as the reduction of environmental impacts caused by dumps , and in the case of Marituba, of the landfill that operates outside the standards established by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards - ABNT, which is responsible for the management and treatment of solid waste and the National Policy on Solid Waste - PNRSN.

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