scholarly journals ТЕХНОЛОШКА СТРУКТУРА И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТ РАДА ПРЕРАЂИВАЧКЕ ИНДУСТРИЈЕ РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРБИЈЕ – НИВО ОБЛАСТИ

TEME ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1005
Author(s):  
Мићић Владимир ◽  
Савић Љубодраг ◽  
Бошковић Горица
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Productivity Measure ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Technological Intensity

Labor productivity of the manufacturing industry is an important factor of economic growth and compatibility. The aim of the research is to point out the significance of conducting efficient structural and technological changes in the manufacturing industry of the Republic of Serbia and to examine their impact on the growth of labor productivity. Technological structure was examined according to the technological intensity and methodology of OECD. Labor productivity was analyzed by partial productivity measure, value added per employee from the aspect of impact of various factors on its growth, shift-share analysis. The results of the research show that labor productivity growth rates in the manufacturing industry are high and positive, that they are higher than gross value added, which is the result of change in the number of employees. Productivity growth is higher in areas that belong to high and medium-level technology and is based on the inter-sector effect. The results of this research are useful to the creators of industrial politics when initiating structural changes and relocating the factors that impact labor productivity towards more productive areas of the manufacturing industry.

scholarly journals Structural Changes in Foreign Trade as a Factor of Competitiveness of the Republic of Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-170
Author(s):  
Goran Milovanović ◽  
Sandra Milanović ◽  
Goran Radisavljević
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThe paper aims to analyse structural changes in foreign trade based on systematic statistical data as a factor of competitiveness of the Republic of Serbia. First, contemporary tendencies in international trade are analysed, where the value and volume of world trade are monitored, as well as key changes in the structure of world exports and imports in the observed period. By assessing the position of the Republic of Serbia in international trade, it is necessary to consider the extent to which the foreign trade of the Republic of Serbia adapts to the structural changes in world trade. Then, the structure of the merchandise exchange of the Republic of Serbia according to the purpose of the product is examined as well as the structure of the merchandise exchange according to sectors and commodity groups. Later in the paper, the achieved development of the industry is questioned, where the focus of the analysis is put on the quality of exports and the international competitiveness of the manufacturing industry, which in the Republic of Serbia produces most of the exchangeable goods. The last part of the paper deals with the analysis of the technological structure and factor intensity of Serbian goods exports. In this way, the research question is answered that there is a need for structural changes in production and foreign trade in the Republic of Serbia in order to improve its competitiveness.

Evolution and Sectoral Competitiveness of the Brazilian Manufacturing Industry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo César Morceiro
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Wage Increases ◽  
Technological Intensity ◽  
Credit Boom

Production and employment in the Brazilian manufacturing industry grew significantly in the decade from 2004 to 2013, but the technological intensity of production activities declined. Growth was driven by domestic demand, which performed well due to the significant job creation, real minimum wage increases, and the credit boom. However, Brazilian manufacturing lost competitiveness, presented a negative labor productivity growth, and registered trade deficits in most sectors, including those traditionally associated with surpluses. The chapter also shows that the manufacturing sector is integrated into the global value chains by imports, but not by exports—which is a case of introverted fragmentation.

Structural Changes and Sustainable Economic Development of the Republic of Serbia in a Pandemic

2022 ◽  
pp. 411-432
Author(s):  
Vladimir Mićić ◽  
Filip Ž. Bugarčić
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Sustainable Economic Development ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
The Republic

The challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic are important and relevant for sustainable development. The aim of this chapter is to review the existing model of economic development, because the COVID-19 pandemic has called into question the effects of structural changes in the economy and manufacturing industry in Serbia. The main contribution of this chapter is the review of development results which show that Serbia is in the process of economic recovery, but that it has not yet embarked on the path of sustainable economic development due to numerous structural problems. Serbia has experience with unsustainable economic development, and this is a strong argument in favor of sustainable concept implementation. In addition, this chapter provides empirical research on structural and technological changes. The obtained results can be used by economic and industrial policy makers to influence the consequences of COVID-19 and to avoid the slowdown of structural reforms. There will be numerous economic, environmental, social, and especially health challenges whose solutions must be sustainable.

scholarly journals Measuring Growth of Labor Productivity in Vietnam by Shift-Share Analysis of Structure of Industries

2013 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
TẾ NGUYỄN QUỐC ◽  
ĐÔNG NGUYỄN THỊ
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Static Shift ◽  
Shift Effect ◽  
Dynamic Shift

This research aims at measuring growth of labor productivity during structural changes in Vietnam in the years 1994-2011. Shift-share analysis of structure of industries shows that growth of labor productivity in Vietnam is a result from the static shift effect. In other words, productivity growth is resulted from changes in structure of industries, in which labors move from low-productivity industries to higher ones. Both endogenous (within-industry) factors and dynamic shift effect seem to be affected by the burden of structure and the backwardness of technology in the process of economic structural changes.

scholarly journals USLOVI RAZVOJA INDUSTRIJA 4.0 U REPUBLICI SRBIJI

2020 ◽  
pp. 097
Author(s):  
Vladimir Mićić
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
The Republic

The fourth industrial revolution is about the development of Industry 4.0, the changing of the production paradigm and economic digitalization. The research subject are the development conditions of Industry 4.0 in the Republic of Serbia. The main research objective is to point out the importance of the efficient development of Industry 4.0 and the implementation of structural changes through the process of digitalization and application of technological innovation in the manufacturing industry. The method of analysis is used to identify the concepts of Industry 4.0 and the new industrial paradigm. The comparative method is used to compare technological criteria and changes. The development conditions of Industry 4.0 are analyzed indirectly through technological criteria and innovation, i.e. data obtained from survey on innovation, individual innovation and technology indicators and composite indicators. Industry 4.0 is an important factor in technological and structural change, economic growth and competitiveness. The research results show that the Republic of Serbia lacks incentives for the development of Industry 4.0. The research results are useful to industrial policy makers as they point to some of the key factors and directions of change to create the conditions for the development of Industry 4.0, the manufacturing industry and the digital transformation of the economy.

scholarly journals Structural transformations of the EU industrial sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-125
Author(s):  
Ksenia Skorik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
The Eu

The issue of industrial policy and industrial problems is one of the most controversial in the European academic community. Even today, we see a lack of theoretical basis for decision-making on industrial policy issues. The main purpose of the publication is to assess the contribution of industry to the socio-economic development of the EU and its member states, as well as to the dynamic structural changes that took place during 2000-2019. To achieve the article's goal, the author uses such indicators as the share of the industrial sector in the generation of gross value added, employment, labor productivity, and exports/imports. The article reveals a general trend to increase in the share of the services sector in the generation of gross value added for the EU-28 and to decrease in the share of the industrial sector. It is established that industry remains an important sector for the EU economy, and for the EU-28, it provides almost 20% of gross value added and more than 70% of total exports, and accounts for about 15% of the employed population. For each of the EU countries, the socio-economic contribution of industry is different - for Central and Eastern Europe, it is more important in the generation of gross value added and employment than for the EU founder countries of the euro area (the EU-15 group). It is found that labor productivity in the EU-15 is higher than in other countries. Growing labor productivity is typical for Denmark, the Netherlands, Ireland, Sweden, and Great Britain, while lower productivity - for such CEE countries as Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania, and Latvia. At the same time, growth rates of all industrial indicators in the latter countries is much higher than in the EU-15. The author considers the new EU industrial policy and various problems of the industrial sector in the EU. The study was carried out on the statistical basis of the European Commission using the methodology of Polish scientists of the Warsaw School of Economics to study the new industrial policy (Krzysztof Falkowski, Adam A. Ambroziak 2015).

scholarly journals Some aspects of the "dutch disease" in the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-41
Author(s):  
A. T. Abdikarimova ◽  
G. B. Aimagambetova
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Dutch Disease ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The Republic

The fundamental structural transformations that have taken place in the country's economy have led to a deterioration in the quality of the economic system and increased dependence of the national economy on the conjuncture of world markets. Our previous research was concerned with determining what triggered the change in the structure of the economy, how effective the changes were, and what changes in sector proportions they led to. In this article, we tried to analyze whether we are facing the consequences of the "Dutch disease", which led to structural transformations in the economy.The purpose of the study is to confirm our assumption that the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is subject to the "Dutch disease".Methodology of the study. The authors relied on the cointegration analysis of time series using the Engle-Granger tests, the analysis of the stationarity of the Dickey-Fuller methods in order to determine cointegration, to assess the degree of interrelation between the values of mining and manufacturing production volumes on GDP indicators, as evidence of the presence of "Dutch disease".Originality / value of the research. The originality and value of the study lies on the fact that the authors tried to analyze the economy for the presence of "Dutch disease" in the economy of Kazakhstan using time series analysis methods.Findings. There is an assumption that the economy of Kazakhstan has certain symptoms and signs of the "Dutch disease", but it is not possible to say unequivocally that it was the main catalyst for structural changes, due to the fact that we could not prove the existence of a negative relationship between the growth rates of the mining industry and the manufacturing industry.

scholarly journals ABOUT THE FEATURES OF FORMING THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Horobets ◽  
Anatoliy Goncharuk
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Absolute Efficiency ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
High Degree

The authors conducted a sectoral measuring the performance of SMEs sample of the Odessa region for 2013-2019. The study found that all absolute and relative performance indicators increased. However, given the inflation rate for the period under review, the real level of absolute value-added decreased. The growth of absolute efficiency, i.e. the share of value-added in the price of goods and services SMEs was low (by 4.1%), but against the background of the crisis in the economy, this fact is positive and indicates an improvement in the ability of SMEs to create value-added. It was also found that during the studied period in the sectoral structure of performance of SMEs there were significant changes, which were manifested, in particular, in the change of leaders from transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities in 2013 to financial and insurance activities in 2019. Increase in performance for the entire sample in 2019 was due to two industries - financial and insurance activities and the processing industry. In addition, during the study period there was a reduction in the spread of performance scopes, i.e. equalization of performance within each industry. The authors found a certain paradox, which is that the increase in the labor productivity at SMEs leads to a reduction in the value-added of products (services) they produce. This paradox is called by the authors as "opposite effect", which is a phenomenon of atypical influence of individual components on the business performance. Moreover, it was reinforced by the atypical link between salaries and labor productivity, which appeared in 2019, and shows that wage growth not only does not stimulate an increase in labor productivity, but, on the contrary, leads to its reduction with a high degree of probability. Hence, the industries in which SMEs paid employees the highest salaries in 2019 had the lowest level of labor productivity and, conversely, the industries with the lowest salaries had the highest labor productivity among other industries studied. Thus, the features of the forming the performance of SMEs are the identified general trends in its dynamics, structural changes and a certain paradox, which is the atypical impact of labor and salary on performance and productivity in this sector of Ukraine's economy.

Econometric Analysis of Factors of Labor Productivity Growth in Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
E. A. Gafarova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

In the current context of recovery growth in Russia, the urgent task of identifying factors of growth of labor productivity can be solved using econometric methods. Preliminary examination of interregional comparative analysis of dynamics of this crucial economic efficiency index, in the author’s opinion, showed low information content of this approach due to the presence of a low base effect. The author recommends a more realistic approach to the interregional comparative analysis of the labor productivity dynamics and its growth factors on the basisof econometric panel data models.It was revealed that for the period 2010–2018, the growth of labor productivity in the regions of the Russian Federation strongly correlated with dynamic characteristics of industrial production, real wages and physical volume of investments in fixed assets, growth intensity in the share of added value of high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries in GRP. It has been empirically proven that the growth of labor productivity in the regions in the considered interval correlates with a decrease in the number of employees. In addition, an increase in labor productivity is typical for constituent entities of the Russian Federation with high rates of industrial production.The influence of the structure of employed in the economy on the level of education on the growth of labor productivity has not been established, which may indicate the presence of inefficient jobs. Also, the hypothesis that the export-oriented regions of the Russian Federation are highly productive has not been confirmed.In conclusion, taking into account the results of modeling, the author formulated recommendations adjusting focal points of structural changes in the economy, which could boost labor productivity growth.

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