scholarly journals Dekontaminasi Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis pada feses menggunakan beberapa jenis desinfektan

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Ika Suharti ◽  
Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari ◽  
Fachriyan Hasmi Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Basic Procedure ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Granulomatous Enteritis

Paratuberculosis or Johne’s Disease is a granulomatous enteritis chronic disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by infection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. The disease commonly infects dairy cattle with clinical signs of chronic diarrhea, decreasing body weight, low milk production, oedema, anemia and occasionally infertility. The basic procedure in order to control Paratuberculosis in farms is to do a good and proper handling of animal faecal. Disinfection of animal environments such as pens, faecal, sewerage and sewage are important in prevention of transmission of this disease. The purpose of this research is to determine specific disinfectan and dosage for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis decontamination in cattle feces so  it can be applied as disease control measures. Cow's feces were contaminated with MAP 105CFU/ml and treated with ammonium quartener, phenolic and formaldehyde disinfectant doses 10%, 15% and 20%. The effectiveness of the disinfectant was tested based on MAP identification using Löwenstein-Jensen culture medium and nested Polymere Chain Reaction(PCR). The results showed 15% and 20% doses of formaldehyde disinfectants efective to decontaminate Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis  in catle feces.

scholarly journals Comparison of Three Rapid Commercial Canine Parvovirus Antigen Detection Tests with Electron Microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Schmitz ◽  
Christina Coenen ◽  
König Matthias ◽  
Thiel Heinz-Jürgen ◽  
Reto Neiger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Group A ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Group B

Different antibody-based tests for rapid detection of Canine parvovirus antigens in feces are commercially available, allowing quick diagnosis in a clinical setting. However, the diagnostic accuracy of these tests compared with standard methods has not been evaluated so far. In the current study, 3 commercial tests were compared with immune-electron microscopy (IEM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dogs were divided into 3 groups: group A, samples from dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea ( n = 50); group B, dogs with chronic diarrhea ( n = 10); and group C, dogs with no evidence of gastrointestinal disease ( n = 40). Specificity of all 3 commercial tests versus PCR and IEM was good to excellent (92.2–100%). Sensitivity, in contrast, was poor: 15.8–26.3% versus PCR and 50–60% versus IEM. In group A, 10 dogs were positive by IEM and 24 dogs were positive by PCR. Positive PCR results were also obtained from animals in control groups (group B, 1 dog; group C, 5 dogs). No dog in group B or C was positive by IEM. In conclusion, the rapid tests are useful to diagnose canine parvoviral enteritis, but they do not rule out parvovirus infection in an animal with typical clinical signs. In addition, a small percentage of healthy dogs and dogs with chronic diarrhea showed positive PCR results; this may be due to asymptomatic/persistent infection or intestinal passage of virus. The significance of this finding remains unclear.

scholarly journals Modelling Bovine Granuloma Formation In Vitro upon Infection with Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hunter Rice ◽  
Margaret M. McDaniel ◽  
Alyson Holland ◽  
Shigetoshi Eda
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Vitro Model

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) causes chronic granulomatous disease in cattle and ruminant livestock, causing substantial economic losses. Current vaccines delay clinical signs but cannot train the immune system to fully eradicate latent Map. During latency, Map uses host defenses, cage-like macrophage clusters called granuloma, as incubators for months or years. We used an in vitro model to investigate the early coordination of macrophages into granuloma upon Map infection over ten days. We found that at multiplicities of infection (MOI; Map:macrophages) of 1:2 and below, the macrophages readily form clusters and evolve pro-inflammatory cytokines in keeping with a cell-mediated immune response. At higher MOIs, viability of host macrophages is negatively impacted. At 1:4 MOI, we quantified viable Map in our model and confirmed that intracellular Map reproduced over the first five days of infection. Host cells expressed Type 1-specific cytokines, and Map-infected macrophages displayed reduced motility compared to Map-exposed, uninfected macrophages, suggesting an important role for uninfected macrophages in the early aggregative response. Reported is the first in vitro JD granuloma model capturing Map and macrophage viability, size distribution of resulting clusters, motility of monocyte-derived macrophages, and cytokine response during clustering, allowing quantitative analysis of multiple parameters of the Map-specific granulomatous response.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis DNA and Antibodies in Dairy Goat Colostrum and Milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karianne Lievaart-Peterson ◽  
Saskia Luttikholt ◽  
Maaike Gonggrijp ◽  
Robin Ruuls ◽  
Lars Ravesloot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Goat Population

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is endemic in the Dutch dairy goat population causing economic loss, and negatively influencing welfare. Moreover, there are concerns about a potential zoonotic risk. Therefore the industry’s objectives are to decrease MAP prevalence, limit economic losses as well as reduce the concentration of MAP in (bulk) milk. To diminish within-farm spread of infection, vaccination, age dependent group housing with separation of newborns from adults, as well as rearing on artificial or treated colostrum and milk replacers are implemented. However, the importance of MAP contaminated colostrum and milk as a route of infection in dairy goat herds is unknown. Therefore the aim of this study was to detect the presence of MAP DNA in colostrum and milk from dairy goats in infected herds. A convenience sample of 120 colostrum samples and 202 milk samples from MAP infected dairy goat herds were tested by IS900 real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for MAP DNA. Furthermore, 22 colostrum samples and 27 post mortem milk samples of goats with clinical signs consistent with paratuberculosis from known infected herds were tested. The majority of samples were from goats vaccinated against MAP. Positive or doubtful PCR results were obtained in none of the 120 and two of the 22 colostrum samples, and in eight of the 202 and four of the 27 milk samples Negative PCR results were obtained in the remaining 140 (99%) colostrum samples and 217 (95%) milk samples.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium aviumSubsp.aviumInfection in Four Veal Calves: Differentiation from Intestinal Tuberculosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Christine Goepfert ◽  
Nadine Regenscheit ◽  
Vanessa Schumacher ◽  
Simone Roos ◽  
Christophe Rossier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Intestinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Veal Calves ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare ◽  
Granulomatous Enteritis ◽  
Positive Results

Mycobacterium aviumsubsp.avium(Maa) is an intracellular pathogen belonging to theMycobacterium avium-intracellularecomplex (MAC). Reservoirs of MAC are the natural environment, wildlife and domestic animals. In adult bovine, MAC infections are typically caused byMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis(Map). Maa infections in bovine are rarely reported but may cause clinical disease and pathological lesions similar to those observed in paratuberculosis or those induced by members of theMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex (MTBC). Therefore, differentiation of MAC from MTBC infection should be attempted, especially if unusual mycobacterial lesions are encountered. Four veal calves from a fattening farm dying with clinical signs of otitis media, fever, and weight loss were submitted for necropsy. Samples from affected organs were taken for histologic investigation, bacteriologic culture, and bacterial specification using PCR. Macroscopic thickening of the intestinal mucosa was induced by granulomatous enteritis and colitis. Intracytoplasmic acid-fast bacteria were detected by Ziehl-Neelsen stains and PCR revealed positive results forMycobacterium aviumsubsp.avium. Clinical and pathological changes of Maa infection in veal calves had features ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisand the MTBC. Therefore,Mycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex infection should be considered in cases of granulomatous enteritis in calves.

Bio-incidence and Bio-type of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in diarrheic dairy cattle and buffaloes of Punjab area in India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuzhat Hassan ◽  
Charanjit Singh Randhawa ◽  
Deepti Narang ◽  
Shoor Vir Singh ◽  
Shukriti Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Rectal Biopsies

Dairy cattle and buffaloes (n=101) suffering from chronic diarrhea (>3 weeks) with complete history of duration of diarrhea, systemic effects, body condition and faecal abnormalities were included in this study. Faecal samples, whole blood and rectal biopsies from selected animals were collected for the detection of Mycobacterium avium-subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Faecal smears were prepared and examined for the load of acid fast bacilli (AFB). Acid fast clumps were recorded in 40.6 per cent (41/101) of diarrheic animals and PCR confirmation was made byIS900 primers. MAP was detected in blood samples of four animals (4/41), while faecal samples were positive only in two of these 4 animals. All the four animals had persistent watery diarrhea and progressive loss in body weights and productivity. Rectal biopsies of two animals were positive by PCR. Remission of clinical signs was observed in these animals within 2-months. Biotyping of MAP-DNA from blood samples by IS1311 PCR-REA revealed restriction pattern of 67, 218 and 325 bp suggesting that MAP DNA belonged to ‘Bison type’, which is a major biotype infecting domestic livestock in India.

scholarly journals Mycobacteriosis in peafowl: Analysis of four cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6001-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEKSANDRA LEDWOŃ ◽  
EWA AUGUSTYNOWICZ-KOPEĆ ◽  
PAWEŁ PARNIEWSKI ◽  
JOANNA BONECKA ◽  
MAGDALENA OSTRZESZEWICZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Clinical Image ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Young Bird ◽  
Pavo Cristatus ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

Peafowl (Pavo cristatus), similarly to other Galliformes, are particularly susceptible to infection by Mycobacterium avium. Peafowl differ from other Galliformes in the clinical image of the infection, with dominating respiratory signs. Occurrence of severe and sustained dyspnoea in peafowl raises suspicion of mycobacteriosis, which, however, is not always easy to confirm. In the cases described here, mycobacteria were detected in direct swabs from the trachea of two individuals, and cultures were conducted on the Löwenstein- Jensen medium. In one individual, no mycobacteria were found in tracheal swabs stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen method, despite the presence of clear clinical signs. The fourth case was a young bird submitted for necropsy. The cause of death was a mechanical trauma, but scarce caseous nodules typical of mycobacteriosis were found in the liver, spleen and lungs. The Mycobacterium avium isolates obtained from those cases were compared using (CCG)4-based PCR. A high similarity of three isolates of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium was observed, two of which were derived from peafowl originating from the same farm, while the isolate from the fourth bird differed significantly and was identified by sequencing as Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis..

scholarly journals Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infection in Zoo Animals: A Review of Susceptibility and Disease Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Roller ◽  
Sören Hansen ◽  
Tobias Knauf-Witzens ◽  
Walter M. R. Oelemann ◽  
Claus-Peter Czerny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Zoo Animals

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (ParaTB or Johne's disease), a contagious, chronic and typically fatal enteric disease of domestic and non-domestic ruminants. Clinically affected animals present wasting and emaciation. However, MAP can also infect non-ruminant animal species with less specific signs. Zoological gardens harbor various populations of diverse animal species, which are managed on limited space at higher than natural densities. Hence, they are predisposed to endemic trans-species pathogen distribution. Information about the incidence and prevalence of MAP infections in zoological gardens and the resulting potential threat to exotic and endangered species are rare. Due to unclear pathogenesis, chronicity of disease as well as the unknown cross-species accuracy of diagnostic tests, diagnosis and surveillance of MAP and ParaTB is challenging. Differentiation between uninfected shedders of ingested bacteria; subclinically infected individuals; and preclinically diseased animals, which may subsequently develop clinical signs after long incubation periods, is crucial for the interpretation of positive test results in animals and the resulting consequences in their management. This review summarizes published data from the current literature on occurrence of MAP infection and disease in susceptible and affected zoo animal species as well as the applied diagnostic methods and measures. Clinical signs indicative for ParaTB, pathological findings and reports on detection, transmission and epidemiology in zoo animals are included. Furthermore, case reports were re-evaluated for incorporation into accepted consistent terminologies and case definitions.

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