scholarly journals Post COVID-19 Pandemic International Travel: Does Risk Perception and Stress-Level Affect Future Travel Intention?

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ahmad Febri Falahuddin ◽  
Clare Teroviel Tergu ◽  
Rachele Brollo ◽  
Ratih Oktri Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Physical Risk ◽  
Psychological Risk ◽  
The Relationship

The COVID-19 pandemic has extremely affected several industries including international travel and tourism. Many scholars have tried to describe the cause-effects of this major phenomenon. This study majorly aims to explore the relationship between risk perception and travel intention where stress level prone to COVID-19 quarantine serves as a moderating factor. The researchers believed that the influence of the dimensions of risk perception including social risk, psychological risk, physical risk, performance risk, financial risk and time risk on travel intention will be significant when the variable of stress level intervenes. This paper used a quantitative approach involving 409 respondents around the world. The data were gathered via online questionnaires facilitated by Google form and Wenjuanxing. The respective questionnaires were available in five languages (Chinese, English, Italian, French and Indonesian). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The outcome of the hierarchical multiple regression (HMR) test resulted in a positive connection between all independent variables and travel intention simultaneously but not partially. The uppermost influence was found in social risk. Meanwhile, financial risk and time risk indicate no significant relationship. Lastly, the researchers believe that understanding the relationships between the variables of this study would be beneficial for the DMOs to predict the future market and rearrange strategies after being affected by the pandemic.

Indian consumers’ risk perception in buying green products: the case of LED light bulbs

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujit Kumar Ray ◽  
Sangeeta Sahney
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Green Products ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Performance Risk ◽  
Indian Consumers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Psychological Risk ◽  
Overall Risk

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how the various perceived risk facets such as financial risk, performance risk, psychological risk, social risk, and physical risk influence the Indian consumers’ perceived overall risk during the purchase of green products such as energy-efficient LED light bulbs.Design/methodology/approachA self-administered questionnaire comprising a total of 29 items was employed over a sample of 272 respondents. The structural equation modeling using partial least squares was used for data analysis.FindingsPsychological risk emerged as the most influential of the various risk facets in affecting perceived overall risk. Financial, physical, and performance risks emerged as the second, third, and fourth most influential risk facets, respectively, which affect the perceived overall risk. Surprisingly, social risk did not emerge as an influential facet when it comes to affecting perceived overall risk. Further, psychological and financial risks appeared to have a positive medium-level influence on the perceived overall risk, whereas physical and performance risks appeared to have a positive weak influence on the perceived overall risks. The influence of financial risk on the perceived overall risk was found to be partially mediated by performance risk.Originality/valueThe study is unique in the sense that it reflects the risk perception of potential consumers in one of the largest emerging markets of the world, when it comes to purchase of green products.

Customers’ Risk Perception Towards Electronic Banking Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 424-432
Author(s):  
SK.Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Internet Banking ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Electronic Banking ◽  
Risk Dimensions ◽  
Psychological Risk

The main aim of this study is to measure the factors which influence the risk perception of customers while using electronic banking channel. The significant findings of this study are, internet banking is having high risk assumed by most of the respondents. Based on the risk dimensions, financial risk influencing more compared to the other types of risk. Most of the respondents are assuming that financial risk and psychological risk is more in credit card. Performance risk is more in a debit card, time risk, psychological risk, security risk and social risk are huge in internet banking. Financial risk is the mediating factor for determining the perceived risk of electronic banking customers.

A SCALE DEVELOPMENT APPROACH TO PERCEIVED RISK IN PURCHASE OF CARS

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Frank Sunil Justus ◽  
T Sunitha ◽  
M. Gnanasundari
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Car Market ◽  
Physical Risk ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
Psychological Risk ◽  
Vehicle Market

Perceived risk is an ambiguity that consumers face when they cannot foresee the outcome of their purchase decisions. Perceived risk occurs when an individual consumer perceives the possible hazard or chance of loss as the result of a purchase decision. Consumers are influenced by risks that they perceive whether or not such risks actually exist. The objective of the paper is to identify the dimensions of perceived risk and to develop a scale for measurement of perceived risk in purchase of car The study involved 150 respondents and was conducted over a forty five day period in January 2014 in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. Five brands of cars namely Maruti, Hyundai, Tata, Toyota, Honda and Ford alone was considered for the study. Exploratory factor analysis with a varimax rotation was conducted on the total 64 questions, which were later reduced to nine dimensions. The nine dimensions of perceived risk identified for the study included physical risk, psychological risk, functional risk, social risk, financial risk, time risk, decision risk, obsolescence risk, and facility risk. When the nine factors were allowed to correlate, the fit statistics suggested a good model fit. The developed scale will be useful to car companies to make a check on the important components that sums up the perceived risk for that customer. In future scales can be developed to identify the perceived risk for luxury car market segment as well as for sports utility vehicle market as also involving brands that was not considered for the study.

Risk Factors Discriminating Online Metropolitan Women Shoppers

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
G. Rajini ◽  
M. Krithika
Keyword(s):  
Financial Risk ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Multiple Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Physical Risk ◽  
Product Risk ◽  
Psychological Risk

Online shopping has been really male - oriented as the product categories were limited to software, computers, music and computer accessories. As the product category expanded to clothing, food, home care and toys, women started to adopt online shopping. Nowadays there is a massive surge in online shopping particularly among metropolitan women, as they tend to purchase both necessary and discretionary products. According to the report by Associate Chamber of Trade and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM), over 80% of the online shopping is done by metropolitan women shoppers.The present study investigates the prominent perceived risks of employed women in online shopping through a consumer survey and by applying multiple discriminant analysis .The results of the empirical analysis demonstrated that perceived physical risk and product risk were found vital in discriminating the respondents as intermediate or experts in online shopping .Whereas perceived psychological risk, quality risk, Information Security Risk, Time Risk, Delivery Risk, Social Risk, Source Risk and financial risk perception during online purchase adoption contributes comparatively lesser for discrimination. The findings elucidate how marketers can formulate and implement risk-reducing strategies during online purchasing.

Prioritization of multi-dimensional risk for digital services using the generalized analytic network process

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ziaul Mustafa ◽  
Arpan Kumar Kar
Keyword(s):  
Financial Risk ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Performance Risk ◽  
Physical Risk ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Psychological Risk

PurposeIn current times, organizations operating in emerging economies are providing digital services to its citizen the internet. Literature indicates that digital services are facing major challenges with respect to its adoption among users groups due to the perceived risks.Design/methodology/approachWith the use of generalized analytic network process (GANP), prioritization of different dimensions of risk has been done on the basis of an empirical survey among user groups in India.FindingsThe result indicates that dimensions like privacy risk, performance risk and financial risk are more important risks across digital services models. However, physical risk, social risk, psychological risk and time risk are comparatively less important risks across digital services. This research also finds out that the end users are reluctant to provide their personal information.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size is relatively small which limits generalizability of results beyond India. However, an application of GANP has been showcased for empirical research.Practical implicationsThe research outcome can help managers in deciding which dimensions of risk are more important for digital service delivery and thus facilitate adoption.Originality/valueThis paper focused on the different facets of risk perceived by consumers, toward the digital services available in smart cities. Perceived risk dimensions such as privacy risk, performance risk, financial risk, physical risk, social risk, psychological risk and time risk have shown that there is a need to prioritize these risks to the digital services which is offered to the residents of the smart cities.

scholarly journals Study on the Influence of Customers’ Risk Perception on the Use of Leasing Services Based on the Burden of Ownership

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutamart Limsupanark ◽  
Xu Ming ◽  
Pimyada Pangam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Economic Risk ◽  
Performance Risk ◽  
Car Rental ◽  
Car Rental Industry ◽  
The Right ◽  
Risk Dimensions ◽  
Psychological Risk

Rental service refers to the provision of the right to use the goods for the customer, and do not need to have ownership, such as the car rental industry, is now growing rapidly. This service is provided to avoid the so-called "customers to bear the burdens of ownership", such as the product has to take the risk and responsibility. However, the use of issues such as risk perception and subsequent customer facing to obtain the ownership of the products of leasing services need further study. Based on the theory of risk perception, we propose five risk dimensions (economic risk, performance risk, psychological risk, time risk and social risk). They have an impact on customer’s decision in rental service. Through the analysis of the data obtained by the investigation, we examined the hypothesis. The results proved that the decision of customer to obtain the ownership is affected by the five kinds of risk perception factors; while the ownership intention declines, the intention to use rental service will increase.

Determining Consumer Purchase Intention Toward Counterfeit Luxury Goods Based on the Perceived Risk Theory

2022 ◽  
pp. 316-339
Author(s):  
Cláudio Félix Canguende-Valentim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Intention To Purchase ◽  
Consumer Purchase Intention ◽  
Perception Theory

This study aims to understand the impact of financial, psychological, and social risk dimensions on attitude and intention to purchase counterfeit luxury goods. Data were collected through a questionnaire conducted with 116 Angolan consumers and were treated with structural equation modeling. The results revealed that only financial risk and social risk were influential in attitude toward counterfeit luxury goods. Attitude had a significant influence on the intention to purchase counterfeit luxury goods. The research contributes to the literature because there has been no previous study in an African country that seeks to understand the purchase intention of counterfeit luxury goods according to risk perception theory. On the other hand, this study is one of the few to report that social risk perception positively impacts attitudes towards counterfeit luxury goods.

The effect of perceived risk dimensions on purchase intention

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramulu Bhukya ◽  
Sapna Singh
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Value Proposition ◽  
Private Labels ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Physical Risk ◽  
Risk Dimensions ◽  
Psychological Risk

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the dimensions of perceived risk, which influence consumers’ purchase intention toward the retailers’ private labels. Based upon the previous literature, majorly four dimensions of the perceived risk have been considered for the study. These include – perceived functional risk, perceived financial risk, perceived physical risk and perceived psychological risk. Design/methodology/approach – Data have been collected by proceeding with mall intercept method and approached shoppers with the questionnaire at the outlets of large Indian retailers – Reliance retail, Aditya Birla’s More, Big Bazaar and Spencer’s. A total of 352 valid questionnaires were obtained, wherein responses were recorded on Likert-type scale anchoring five-points where 1 indicates strongly disagree and 5 indicates strongly agree. Then, the analysis was carried out by using Exploratory Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis. Findings – Findings of this study revealed that perceived functional risk, perceived financial risk, perceived physical risk and perceived psychological risk have the direct negative and significant effects on consumers’ intention to purchase retailers’ private labels. Thus, all the hypotheses were accepted and all the findings of this study were in line with previous studies. Research limitations/implications – A limited set of product categories and brands were analyzed. Practical implications – This study is of great interest for large retailers who wish to increase their private labels’ value proposition, with an in-depth understanding of these risks it could alter their value proposition accordingly and create more successful private labels in the market place. Originality/value – This study is one among the very few studies which addressed the research on purchase intention toward private labels in Indian context.

scholarly journals Compensatory Travel Post COVID-19: Cognitive and Emotional Effects of Risk Perception

2021 ◽  
pp. 004728752110489
Author(s):  
Ellen Eun Kyoo Kim ◽  
Kwanglim Seo ◽  
Youngjoon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Dual Processing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
Dual Processing Model ◽  
Emotional Effects

The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented and devastating impact on the travel and tourism industry worldwide. To sustain tourism organizations in the post-pandemic period, it is crucial to understand the factors that maintain, boost, or diminish the potential demands of international travel. With faith in the industry’s resilience, travel and tourism organizations are counting on the prospect of compensatory travel. However, little is known about the factors affecting potential demands and compensatory travel intention in a post-pandemic world. Hence, this study attempts to conceptualize compensatory travel and to investigate tourists’ cognitive and emotional processes that link risk perception about COVID-19 and compensatory travel intention. The findings support the proposed dual-processing model of suppressing and accelerating travel desire caused by COVID-19. The effect of travel desire on compensatory travel intention is also found.

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