scholarly journals DARI MAKASSAR KE MAKASSAR: ASPEK DEMOGRAFI DAN POLITIK PROSES “ETNISASI” SEBUAH KOTA

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dias Pradadimara
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Local Politicians ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Ujung Pandang ◽  
The City ◽  
Political Scene

The city of Makassar, once named Ujung Pandang, in South Sulawesi, underwent tremendous transformation in the 20th century. This transformation significantly changed the image of the city from a cosmopolitan town to a provincial and “ethnic” city. This article shows that the changes of the city’s image did not happen by itself. There were changing structural conditions, namely demographic and political conditions, which allowed the changes to happen.Since early 20th century the population of the city has grown exponentially. First, in-migrants from the surrounding regions in the eastern part of Indonesia flocked into the city until early 1950s. Second, due to the rebellion and unrest in the countryside of South Sulawesi since 1950 inmigrants, mostly refugees, from Bugis-speaking areas in even larger number swarmed Makassar. Parallel with the demographical changes, the political scene in the city (and the province) was increasingly dominated by politicians and bureaucrats of South-Sulawesi origins. The Permesta rebellion in late-1950s triggered the departure of mostly non-South Sulawesi politicians away from the region leaving the political stage fully in the hands of local politicians. The “ethnic-ization” of the city was made possible by these demographical and political changes.

scholarly journals Eugène Atget and Documentary Photography of the City

2020 ◽  
pp. 026327642094280
Author(s):  
Vladimir Rizov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban History ◽  
Charles Baudelaire ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Documentary Photography ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Do So

This paper focuses on the documentary photography of Eugène Atget in late 19th and early 20th-century Paris. I will begin by exploring Atget’s position as a pioneering documentary photographer in the field, followed by an engagement with the urban environment of Paris, in which Atget worked almost exclusively. Finally, I will analyse a single photograph in depth while discussing it in relation to the work of Charles Baudelaire and Jacques Rancière. This text is a contribution to a literature of critical engagement with documentary photography, urban history and the politics of class visibility. I will do so by arguing for the political significance of reading Atget’s images in a critical, political manner that engages with Rancière’s concept of the ‘anonymous multiple’. Atget is considered a key documentary photographer, and, as such, he is exemplary of the history of documentary photography and its treatment of its subjects.

scholarly journals The Image of the Author and the Character in Provincial Satirical Press in the Early 20th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-306
Author(s):  
Tatyana Zhaplova ◽  
Elena Khmura
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Editorial Policy ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Neutral Form ◽  
Everyday Problems ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

The article analyzes the structure of the image of the author and the character in satirical magazines published in Orenburg in the early 20th century. The study shows that creation of a literary «mask» and the dialogization of main characters speech are the key methods to reflect the authors position, who is forced to maneuver between the reader and voluntary censorship. Parody, being an integral part of the arsenal of satirical poetics, contributes to effective intervention in the inconsistencies of modern reality, their correction or eradication. However, the external layer of tests, thanks to the malicious, ambivalent irony, preserves a completely noble and emotionally neutral form of appeal to contemporaries discussing everyday problems. It focuses on the hidden mechanisms of modern reality, affecting consciousness, worldview and social position of an individual and the stages of its development. Parodying the speech of representatives of various social classes, the author, using specific vocabulary and stylistics, clearly delineated the boundaries. It was possible to go beyond them only for a representative of a journalistic community that owned a palette of diverse means and techniques. They stylized characteristic noble metaphorization, merchant and bureaucratic symbolization, masking the lack of both spirituality and reason for existence in the description of peasants life, striking by its terrifying reality. The editorial policy of magazines is clearly reflected in the selection of materials for their distribution on the page. After accusatory materials relevant to the political and public life of the city, everyday genre paintings of national disasters and oppression are placed. It strengthens the readers need for change.

Ende der Neuen Musik

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-213
Author(s):  
Christoph Von Blumröder
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Music Theory ◽  
Contemporary Music ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
The Political ◽  
German Language ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
A Current

The term "Neue Musik" was coined for a special concept of fundamental musical innovation within Austro-German music theory of the early 20th century, and it found no terminological equivalent beyond the German language. Established by Paul Bekker with his lecture “Neue Musik” in 1919, composers such as Stockhausen or Ligeti embraced the term with its emphatic claim to innovation and new departures. However, one hundred years on the term "Neue Musik" is often used mainly as a synonym for any type of contemporary music. This article questions whether the term "Neue Musik" is still an appropriate framework for a current theory of musical composition. Not only have the specific musical circumstances changed within the course of the 20th century, but also the political and social conditions have altered drastically after two world wars which had given special impulses to those composers who strove for a new foundation of music after 1918 and 1945 respectively. This article argues that the age of "Neue Musik" has come to an end in the late 20th century, and thus it is now necessary to introduce alternative terminological concepts and methodical directions for music historiography.

scholarly journals Lviv as the cradle of Polish independence organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-545
Author(s):  
Janusz Zuziak
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
The Past ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Lviv occupies a special place in the history of Poland. With its heroic history, it has earned the exceptionally honorable name of a city that has always been faithful to the homeland. SEMPER FIDELIS – always faithful. Marshal Józef Piłsudski sealed that title while decorating the city with the Order of Virtuti Militari in 1920. The past of Lviv, the always smoldering and uncompromising Polish revolutionist spirit, the climate, and the atmosphere that prevailed in it created the right conditions for making it the center of thought and independence movement in the early 20th century. In the early twentieth century, Polish independence organizations of various political orientations were established, from the ranks of which came legions of prominent Polish politicians and military and social activists.

scholarly journals JOAQUÍN COSTA I REGENERACJA HISZPANII

2018 ◽  
pp. 359-373
Author(s):  
Dominika Gołaszewska-Rusinowska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Late 19Th Century

This case study focuses on the life and work of Joaquín Costa. He was a Spanish intellectual who in late 19th century and early 20th century started the intellectual and political movement called Regenerationism. This movement emerged in response against the political system of Spanish Restoration.  

Analysis of the Structure of the City Budget of the Last Third of the 19th — Early 20th Century (Based on the Materials of the Tashkent City Self-Government)

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10 (108)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Sabira Iusupova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The City

This article deals with the problem of the financial situation of Tashkent in the last third of the 19th — early 20th century on the basis of the materials of the office documentation of the Tashkent city self-government. These materials are contained in the funds of the Russian State Military Historical Archive, reflected on the pages of the pre-revolutionary local periodical. Based on the analysis of the income and expenditure estimates, the budget structure, sources of funds and their distribution are shown. The main problems in the financial sphere are identified, related to violations of the established deadline for the provision and approval of the city budget, with arrears, abuses of individual officials, which negatively affected the financial situation of the city. But despite these difficulties, some successes of the Tashkent city self-government in the socio-economic development of the city are noted.

Hamilton, Cicely (1872–1952)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine M. Cockin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Women's History ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Women's Suffrage ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Political Commitments ◽  
Women’S Suffrage ◽  
Women’S History

Cicely Hamilton, lesbian actor, author, and women’s suffrage activist, is best known for her plays Diana of Dobson’s (1908), exposing exploitation in the retail trade, How the Vote Was Won (1909), a suffrage comedy co-authored with Christopher St. John, and A Pageant of Great Women, which raised consciousness about women’s history in productions across Britain from 1909 to 1912. Hamilton also wrote nondramatic works, including the political tract Marriage as a Trade (1909) and the novel William, An Englishman (1919), which was inspired by her experience of wartime France. Hamilton’s prolific writing career reflects her wide-ranging interests, political commitments, and sense of public duty; her plays exemplify the intersection of Feminism and theater in the early 20th century.

Assembling emergence: making art and selling gas in Bulawayo

Africa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-498
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
Felix Guattari ◽  
The Political ◽  
Art Galleries ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Liquid Petroleum Gas ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The City ◽  
Economics And Politics ◽  
Making Art

AbstractThis article is an ethnographic investigation of the labours of making art and selling liquid petroleum gas (LPG) in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. It locates these activities within a shared social world, centred on one of Bulawayo's major art galleries, and it demonstrates that artists and LPG dealers use similar strategies to respond to the political conditions of life in the city. This article frames these conditions as unpredictable, insofar as they change frequently and crystallize in unexpected forms, and it argues that both groups are attempting to act within these conditions and shape them into emergent assemblages. In adopting this term ‘assemblage’, which has been elaborated theoretically by Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari and their many interlocutors, this article emphasizes both the mutability and the unpredictability of these formations. The artists who work in the gallery, for their part, make their art by assembling their chosen media. The processes by which they choose their media constitute assemblages as well, in that artists have to adapt their artistic visions to the materials that Zimbabwe's market can provide. Street dealers in gas also produce emergent assemblages against the backdrop of unpredictability. If they want to make natural gas available to consumers, dealers must shepherd their medium through an always emergent process of distribution. They participate in transnational networks of trade, but they also theorize innovative strategies of procurement, develop circuits of trust and loyalty, and conjure up visions of a predatory state. Like artists, they use their work to construct dynamic representations of the world around them. Artists may produce images, and dealers circulate gas, but this article shows that conceptualizing these practices in terms of ‘assemblages’ calls their commonalities into view. In doing so, it also demonstrates that these practices complicate easy distinctions between aesthetics, economics and politics.

“All Parties Treat Silesians Instrumentally”: On Political Representation at the Regional Level

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Turska-Kawa ◽  
Rafał Glajcar
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Group A ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Political Scene

Abstract The turn of the 20th century experienced an intensification of processes that strengthened Silesian identity, which became an important element of political debate in the region. This was reflected in the emergence of a growing number of entities that placed Silesian issues among their priority objectives and defined themselves as representatives of the interests of Silesia and Silesians. The aim of the study was to verify the political representative potential of groups in Upper Silesia. We accepted the hypothesis that the stronger the identity of a particular group (regional or national) the greater the probability that entities placing fundamental objectives strictly within the scope of regional issues should enjoy broad support in the region, and such entities consequently should be perceived as political representatives of the group. A study conducted using the categorized interview method (N=54) proves quite clearly that Silesians are unable to identify entities on the regional political scene that could represent them sufficiently. The determinants of this state of affairs are found not only in the negative actions of political entities but also in the absence of a clear vision of representation, which could constitute a basis for the formulated expectations of Silesians.

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