scholarly journals Forward Osmosis: Temperature Effects By Using Pome as Feed Solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanizah Arifin ◽  
Thomas S.Y. Choong ◽  
Chan Kam Rong ◽  
Fakhru'l Al-Razi Ahmadun ◽  
Luqman Chuah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Cross Flow Velocity ◽  
Higher Temperature

Forward osmosis (FO) has recently been considered as one of the promising technologies for low energy applications. Factors that influence FO performance are draw solution, types of membrane, membrane orientation, cross flow velocity, module configuration and temperature effect. In this study, the influence of temperature on the performance of FO process has been studied in terms of water flux by using raw POME as feed solution. A higher temperature creates a higher water fluxes at various draw solution concentrations. Percentages of water flux increments for raw POME are between 7% to 9% from 25ºC to 35ºC and 32% to 75% from 25ºC to 45ºC.

scholarly journals Structural investigation and application of Tween 80-choline chloride self-assemblies as osmotic agent for water desalination

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasamin Bide ◽  
Marzieh Arab Fashapoyeh ◽  
Soheila Shokrollahzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Osmotic Agent

AbstractForward osmosis (FO) process has been extensively considered as a potential technology that could minimize the problems of traditional water desalination processes. Finding an appropriate osmotic agent is an important concern in the FO process. For the first time, a nonionic surfactant-based draw solution was introduced using self-assemblies of Tween 80 and choline chloride. The addition of choline chloride to Tween 80 led to micelles formation with an average diameter of 11.03 nm. The 1H NMR spectra exhibited that all groups of Tween 80 were interacted with choline chloride by hydrogen bond and Van der Waals’ force. The influence of adding choline chloride to Tween 80 and the micellization on its osmotic activity was investigated. Despite the less activity of single components, the average water flux of 14.29 L m‒2 h‒1 was obtained using 0.15 M of Tween 80-choline chloride self-assembly as draw solution in the FO process with DI water feed solution. Moreover, various concentrations of NaCl aqueous solutions were examined as feed solution. This report proposed a possible preparation of nonionic surfactant-based draw solutions using choline chloride additive with enhanced osmotic activities that can establish an innovative field of study in water desalination by the FO process.

scholarly journals Biofouling Mitigation Approaches during Water Recovery from Fermented Broth via Forward Osmosis

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Stavros Kalafatakis ◽  
Agata Zarebska ◽  
Lene Lange ◽  
Claus Hélix-Nielsen ◽  
Ioannis V. Skiadas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Cross Flow Velocity

Forward Osmosis (FO) is a promising technology that can offer sustainable solutions in the biorefinery wastewater and desalination fields, via low energy water recovery. However, microbial biomass and organic matter accumulation on membrane surfaces can hinder the water recovery and potentially lead to total membrane blockage. Biofouling development is a rather complex process and can be affected by several factors such as nutrient availability, chemical composition of the solutions, and hydrodynamic conditions. Therefore, operational parameters like cross-flow velocity and pH of the filtration solution have been proposed as effective biofouling mitigation strategies. Nevertheless, most of the studies have been conducted with the use of rather simple solutions. As a result, biofouling mitigation practices based on such studies might not be as effective when applying complex industrial mixtures. In the present study, the effect of cross-flow velocity, pH, and cell concentration of the feed solution was investigated, with the use of complex solutions during FO separation. Specifically, fermentation effluent and crude glycerol were used as a feed and draw solution, respectively, with the purpose of recirculating water by using FO alone. The effect of the abovementioned parameters on (i) ATP accumulation, (ii) organic foulant deposition, (iii) total water recovery, (iv) reverse glycerol flux, and (v) process butanol rejection has been studied. The main findings of the present study suggest that significant reduction of biofouling can be achieved as a combined effect of high-cross flow velocity and low feed solution pH. Furthermore, cell removal from the feed solution prior filtration may further assist the reduction of membrane blockage. These results may shed light on the challenging, but promising field of FO process dealing with complex industrial solutions.

scholarly journals Performance of layer-by-layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte forward osmosis membrane for humic acid removal and reverse solute diffusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suriani Husaini ◽  
Mazrul Nizam Abu Seman
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Solute Diffusion ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Draw Solution

<p>Recent study claimed that forward osmosis (FO) process could handle the fouling problem due it driven force based on natural osmotic pressure. However, researchers observed that FO membrane had problem with reverse solute diffusion (RSD) of draw solution. Therefore, FO membrane properties must be improved either physically or chemically in order to overcome this problem. Among all, surface modification approach has been acknowledged as a best technique to alter the membrane properties without significantly change the bulk membrane properties. In this study, polyelectrolyte FO membrane has been produced through Layer by Layer (LbL) deposition method by using Poly (diallyl-dimethylammoniumchloride), PDADMAC and Poly (sodium 4-styrene-sulfonate), PSS as an active monomers. Humic acid (HA) as part of Natural Organic Matter constituents was used as the feed solution and NaCl as a draw solution. The chemical structure and morphology of the FO membrane were characterized by FTIR and FESEM, respectively. From this study, the highest water flux and humic acid rejection were achieved at 2.5M of draw solution with value of 2.56 L/m<sup>²</sup>.h and 99%, respectively. In general, the water flux increases as the concentration of draw solutions were increased. However, it was observed that reverse salt diffusion (RSD) become worse at higher concentration of draw solution.</p><p>Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 75-79</p>

scholarly journals Behaviour of Aquaporin Forward Osmosis Flat Sheet Membranes during the Concentration of Calcium-Containing Liquids

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Alibek Omir ◽  
Aliya Satayeva ◽  
Aigerim Chinakulova ◽  
Arailym Kamal ◽  
Jong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Cross Flow Velocity

This study aims to examine the scaling and performance of flat sheet aquaporin FO membranes in the presence of calcium salts. Experiments showed that the application of calcium sulphate (CaSO4) resulted in an 8–78% decline in the water flux. An increase in the cross-flow velocity from 3 to 12 cm/s reduced the decline in the flux by 16%. The deposition of salt crystals on the membrane surface led to the alteration in the membrane’s intrinsic properties. Microscopy, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses confirmed measurements of the zeta potential and contact angle. The use of a three-salt mixture yielded severe scaling as compared with the application of calcium sulphate dehydrate (CaSO4 × 2H2O), i.e., a result of two different crystallisation mechanisms. We found that the amount of sodium chloride (NaCl), saturation index, cross-flow velocity, and flow regime all play an important role in the scaling of aquaporin FO flat sheet membranes.

scholarly journals Polymer Having Dicationic Structure in Dumbbell Shape for Forward Osmosis Process

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taehyung Kim ◽  
Changha Ju ◽  
Chanhyuk Park ◽  
Hyo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Responsive Polymers ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Efficient Recovery

The thermal-responsive polymers, poly(alkane-1,#-diylbis(tri-n-butylphosphonium) 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate) (PSSBP#, # = 8, 6, and 4), where # is the number of carbon atoms in the central bridge structure of the dicationic phosphonium moiety, were synthesized to examine their potential application as draw solutes in forward osmosis (FO). The polymers exhibited low critical solution temperature (LCST) characteristics in aqueous solutions, which is essential for recovering a draw solute from pure water. The LCSTs of the 20 wt% aqueous solutions of PSSBP8, PSSBP6, and PSSBP4 were confirmed to be approximately 30, 38, and 26 °C, respectively, which is advantageous in terms of energy requirements for the recovering draw solute. When the concentration of the PSSBP4 draw solution was 20 wt%, water flux and reverse solute flux were approximately 1.61 LMH and 0.91 gMH, respectively, in the active layer facing the draw solution (AL-DS) system when the feed solution was distilled water. The PSSBP# thermal-responsive draw solute has considerable potential for use as a next-generation draw solute because of its excellent osmotic performance and efficient recovery. Therefore, this study provides inspiration for novel ideas regarding structural transformations of polymers and their applicability as draw solutes.

scholarly journals Superparamagnetic Fe3O4@CA Nanoparticles and Their Potential as Draw Solution Agents in Forward Osmosis

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2965
Author(s):  
Irena Petrinic ◽  
Janja Stergar ◽  
Hermina Bukšek ◽  
Miha Drofenik ◽  
Sašo Gyergyek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Colloidal Solutions ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Draw Solution

In this study, citric acid (CA)-coated magnetite Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@CA MNPs) for use as draw solution (DS) agents in forward osmosis (FO) were synthesized by co-precipitation and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and magnetic measurements. Prepared 3.7% w/w colloidal solutions of Fe3O4@CA MNPs exhibited an osmotic pressure of 18.7 bar after purification without aggregation and a sufficient magnetization of 44 emu/g to allow DS regeneration by an external magnetic field. Fe3O4@CA suspensions were used as DS in FO cross-flow filtration with deionized (DI) water as FS and with the active layer of the FO membrane facing the FS and NaCl as a reference DS. The same transmembrane bulk osmotic pressure resulted in different water fluxes for NaCl and MNPs, respectively. Thus the initial water flux with Fe3O4@CA was 9.2 LMH whereas for 0.45 M NaCl as DS it was 14.1 LMH. The reverse solute flux was 0.08 GMH for Fe3O4@CA and 2.5 GMH for NaCl. These differences are ascribed to a more pronounced internal dilutive concentration polarization with Fe3O4@CA as DS compared to NaCl as DS. This research demonstrated that the proposed Fe3O4@CA can be used as a potential low reverse solute flux DS for FO processes.

scholarly journals Investigating the performance of hydroponic nutrient solutions as potential draw solutions for fertilizer drawn forward osmosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bassiouny ◽  
Peter Nasr ◽  
Hani Sewilam
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Abstract This research project aims at investigating the performance of hydroponic nutrient solutions as draw solutions for desalination using the fertilizer drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) process. Six different lettuce and leafy greens hydroponic nutrient stock solutions were prepared according to the literature and used in this study and tested on a bench-scale forward osmosis unit as draw solutions for the process. The feed solution for the process was De-Ionized water mixed with NaCl in different concentrations, to represent different salinities of brackish groundwater. The draw efficiency of each solution was measured based on water flux, specific reverse solute flux, water recovery, and salt rejection. It was concluded that of the six tested nutrient solutions, the “Resh Florida, California” solution is the recommended solution to be used as draw solution for fertilizer drawn forward osmosis, due to its high performance in terms of water recovery (15.75%), flux (11 l/m2/h), salt rejection (92%) and SRSF (highest recorded SRSF for a specific ion (SO4 2−) was 7.3 g/l), as well as its low cost, relative to the other highly performing draw solution “Chekli” ($1.07/l vs. $3.73/l).

scholarly journals Evaluation of polyvinylpyrrolidone as draw solute for desalination forward osmosis systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang Trung Nguyen ◽  
Minh Tao Hoang ◽  
Tuan Hung Trinh ◽  
Ngoc Tung Nguyen ◽  
Truong Giang Le
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Material Cost ◽  
Solution Parameters

Abstract In this study, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was evaluated as a potential draw solute for desalination forward osmosis (FO) systems. The effect of various draw solute and draw solution parameters on the efficiency of FO operation was investigated, including PVP molecular weight, PVP concentration in solution, and the salinity of feed solution. Experiment results showed that at draw solution initial concentration of 200 g/L and feed solution initial salinity up to 15 g/L, the PVP-based draw solution can offer water flux up to 14.23 LMH in FO mode with raw material cost only at 0.61 USD/m3. PVP K17 was proven to be an effective draw solute for FO systems, providing good water flux and low reverse draw solute flux; while also being relatively non-toxic, non-corrosive, cheap and widely available compared to other types of novel draw solutes.

ASSESSING THE FORWARD OSMOSIS PERFORMANCES USING CTA MEMBRANE: EFFECT OF SOLUTION VOLUME RATIO AND TYPE OF DRAW SOLUTE

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (5-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeng Yih Law ◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Solute Leakage ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Solution Volume

Osmotically-driven forward osmosis (FO) has gained significant attention in the last decade due to its potential application in various disciplines. Draw solution serves as the driving force in FO process for inducing water transport across the membrane. FO technology can be used to reject or concentrate high valuable products in the chemical and bioprocess industries which often encounter great challenge in terms of dilute product formation. In this study, commercial cellulose triacetate (CTA) flat sheet FO membrane was investigated using several types of inorganic draw solute. Pure water fluxes ranged from 5.20 to 6.30    L.m-2.h-1 were achieved for selected draw solutes. The reverse solute leakage was shown by the increment of conductivity in the feed solution. Among the draw solutes, NaCl demonstrated highest reverse solute leakage (72.45 µS cm-1) attributed to its relatively smaller molecular size. The water fluxes at feed to draw solution volume ratios of 1:2 and 1:3 were found to be slightly lower than that to the volume ratios of 1:0.6 and 1:1. With respect to sodium succinate feed solution, MgCl2 was capable of generating higher osmotic pressure and thus higher water flux was observed compared to NaCl draw solute. Overall, the selected inorganic draw solutes demonstrated encouraging FO performances and could be used for concentrating sodium succinate solution.  

scholarly journals Enrichment of lithium from salt lake brine by forward osmosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 180965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinli Li ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Youjing Zhao ◽  
Hongjun Yang ◽  
Yuan Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Salt Lake ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Concentrating Solutions ◽  
Relationship Of

Forward osmosis (FO) is a concentration process based on the natural phenomena of osmosis. It is considered a breakthrough technology that can be potentially used for concentrating solutions and suspensions. The diluted nature of brine restricts the treatment technologies that can be applied. Then, brine concentration by FO could represent a new emerging technology enabling the application of a wider range of treatment alternatives. The performance of concentrated brine depending upon FO membranes was studied at normal temperature and pressure in this research. Cellulose triacetates on radio-frequency-weldable non-woven support (CTA-NW) and a thin-film composite with embedded polyester screen support (TFC-ES) were compared; and their orientations were considered. The brine was from Chaerhan Salt Lake after extracting potassium as the feed solution, NaCl solution or MgCl 2 solution as the draw solution. The results indicated that CTA-NW exhibited better concentration performance than TFC-ES, while the water fluxes of the two membranes were exactly the opposite. In the case of CTA-NW in active layer facing feed solution orientation with MgCl 2 as the draw solution, the concentration factor of Li + was nearly 3.0. Quantitative structure–activity relationship of FO membranes and concentration characteristics was correlated, based on results of SEM, FTIR and contact angles studies. The concentration performance could be mainly attributed to the porosity and the thickness of FO membranes; while the water flux was dependent on the hydrophily of FO membrane surface.

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