scholarly journals Polymer Having Dicationic Structure in Dumbbell Shape for Forward Osmosis Process

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taehyung Kim ◽  
Changha Ju ◽  
Chanhyuk Park ◽  
Hyo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Responsive Polymers ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Efficient Recovery

The thermal-responsive polymers, poly(alkane-1,#-diylbis(tri-n-butylphosphonium) 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate) (PSSBP#, # = 8, 6, and 4), where # is the number of carbon atoms in the central bridge structure of the dicationic phosphonium moiety, were synthesized to examine their potential application as draw solutes in forward osmosis (FO). The polymers exhibited low critical solution temperature (LCST) characteristics in aqueous solutions, which is essential for recovering a draw solute from pure water. The LCSTs of the 20 wt% aqueous solutions of PSSBP8, PSSBP6, and PSSBP4 were confirmed to be approximately 30, 38, and 26 °C, respectively, which is advantageous in terms of energy requirements for the recovering draw solute. When the concentration of the PSSBP4 draw solution was 20 wt%, water flux and reverse solute flux were approximately 1.61 LMH and 0.91 gMH, respectively, in the active layer facing the draw solution (AL-DS) system when the feed solution was distilled water. The PSSBP# thermal-responsive draw solute has considerable potential for use as a next-generation draw solute because of its excellent osmotic performance and efficient recovery. Therefore, this study provides inspiration for novel ideas regarding structural transformations of polymers and their applicability as draw solutes.

scholarly journals Investigating the performance of hydroponic nutrient solutions as potential draw solutions for fertilizer drawn forward osmosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bassiouny ◽  
Peter Nasr ◽  
Hani Sewilam
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Abstract This research project aims at investigating the performance of hydroponic nutrient solutions as draw solutions for desalination using the fertilizer drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) process. Six different lettuce and leafy greens hydroponic nutrient stock solutions were prepared according to the literature and used in this study and tested on a bench-scale forward osmosis unit as draw solutions for the process. The feed solution for the process was De-Ionized water mixed with NaCl in different concentrations, to represent different salinities of brackish groundwater. The draw efficiency of each solution was measured based on water flux, specific reverse solute flux, water recovery, and salt rejection. It was concluded that of the six tested nutrient solutions, the “Resh Florida, California” solution is the recommended solution to be used as draw solution for fertilizer drawn forward osmosis, due to its high performance in terms of water recovery (15.75%), flux (11 l/m2/h), salt rejection (92%) and SRSF (highest recorded SRSF for a specific ion (SO4 2−) was 7.3 g/l), as well as its low cost, relative to the other highly performing draw solution “Chekli” ($1.07/l vs. $3.73/l).

scholarly journals Evaluation of polyvinylpyrrolidone as draw solute for desalination forward osmosis systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang Trung Nguyen ◽  
Minh Tao Hoang ◽  
Tuan Hung Trinh ◽  
Ngoc Tung Nguyen ◽  
Truong Giang Le
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Material Cost ◽  
Solution Parameters

Abstract In this study, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was evaluated as a potential draw solute for desalination forward osmosis (FO) systems. The effect of various draw solute and draw solution parameters on the efficiency of FO operation was investigated, including PVP molecular weight, PVP concentration in solution, and the salinity of feed solution. Experiment results showed that at draw solution initial concentration of 200 g/L and feed solution initial salinity up to 15 g/L, the PVP-based draw solution can offer water flux up to 14.23 LMH in FO mode with raw material cost only at 0.61 USD/m3. PVP K17 was proven to be an effective draw solute for FO systems, providing good water flux and low reverse draw solute flux; while also being relatively non-toxic, non-corrosive, cheap and widely available compared to other types of novel draw solutes.

scholarly journals Structural investigation and application of Tween 80-choline chloride self-assemblies as osmotic agent for water desalination

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasamin Bide ◽  
Marzieh Arab Fashapoyeh ◽  
Soheila Shokrollahzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Osmotic Agent

AbstractForward osmosis (FO) process has been extensively considered as a potential technology that could minimize the problems of traditional water desalination processes. Finding an appropriate osmotic agent is an important concern in the FO process. For the first time, a nonionic surfactant-based draw solution was introduced using self-assemblies of Tween 80 and choline chloride. The addition of choline chloride to Tween 80 led to micelles formation with an average diameter of 11.03 nm. The 1H NMR spectra exhibited that all groups of Tween 80 were interacted with choline chloride by hydrogen bond and Van der Waals’ force. The influence of adding choline chloride to Tween 80 and the micellization on its osmotic activity was investigated. Despite the less activity of single components, the average water flux of 14.29 L m‒2 h‒1 was obtained using 0.15 M of Tween 80-choline chloride self-assembly as draw solution in the FO process with DI water feed solution. Moreover, various concentrations of NaCl aqueous solutions were examined as feed solution. This report proposed a possible preparation of nonionic surfactant-based draw solutions using choline chloride additive with enhanced osmotic activities that can establish an innovative field of study in water desalination by the FO process.

scholarly journals Preparation of defect free TFC FO membranes using robust and highly porous ceramic substrate

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jincai Su ◽  
Yanyan Wei ◽  
Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Structural Parameter ◽  
Solute Permeability ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Surface Pores

In this study, robust and defect-free thin film composite (TFC) forward osmosis (FO) membranes have been successfully fabricated using ceramic hollow fibers as the substrate. Polydopamine (PDA) coating under controlled conditions is effective to reduce the surface pores of the substrate and make the substrate smooth enough for the interfacial polymerization. The pure water permeability (A), solute permeability (B) and structural parameter (S) of the resultant FO membrane are 0.854 L·m-2h-1bar-1 (LMH/Bar) 0.186 L·m-2h-1 (LMH) and 1720 µm, respectively. The water flux and reverse draw solute flux are measured using NaCl and proprietary ferric sodium citrate (FeNaCA) draw solutions at low and high osmotic pressure ranges. With increasing the osmotic pressure, higher water flux is obtained but its increase is not directly proportional to the increase in the osmotic pressure. At the membrane surface, the effect of dilutive concentration polarization is much less serious for FeNaCA draw solutions. At an osmotic pressure of 89.6 bar, the developed TFC membrane generates water fluxes of 11.5 and 30.0 LMH using NaCl and synthesized FeNaCA draw solutions. The corresponding reverse draw solute flux is 7.0 g·m-2h-1 (gMH) for NaCl draw solution but it is not detectable for FeNaCA draw solution. This means that the developed TFC FO membranes are defect free and their surface pores are at molecular level. The performance of the developed TFC FO membranes are also demonstrated for the enrichment of BSA protein.

scholarly journals Performance of layer-by-layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte forward osmosis membrane for humic acid removal and reverse solute diffusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suriani Husaini ◽  
Mazrul Nizam Abu Seman
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Solute Diffusion ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Draw Solution

<p>Recent study claimed that forward osmosis (FO) process could handle the fouling problem due it driven force based on natural osmotic pressure. However, researchers observed that FO membrane had problem with reverse solute diffusion (RSD) of draw solution. Therefore, FO membrane properties must be improved either physically or chemically in order to overcome this problem. Among all, surface modification approach has been acknowledged as a best technique to alter the membrane properties without significantly change the bulk membrane properties. In this study, polyelectrolyte FO membrane has been produced through Layer by Layer (LbL) deposition method by using Poly (diallyl-dimethylammoniumchloride), PDADMAC and Poly (sodium 4-styrene-sulfonate), PSS as an active monomers. Humic acid (HA) as part of Natural Organic Matter constituents was used as the feed solution and NaCl as a draw solution. The chemical structure and morphology of the FO membrane were characterized by FTIR and FESEM, respectively. From this study, the highest water flux and humic acid rejection were achieved at 2.5M of draw solution with value of 2.56 L/m<sup>²</sup>.h and 99%, respectively. In general, the water flux increases as the concentration of draw solutions were increased. However, it was observed that reverse salt diffusion (RSD) become worse at higher concentration of draw solution.</p><p>Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 75-79</p>

The Effect of Working Temperature on the Performance of Water Desalination Using Forward Osmosis: A CFD Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Alshwairekh ◽  
Umar F. Alqsair ◽  
Anas M. Alwatban ◽  
Justin Caspar ◽  
Alparslan Oztekin
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Porous Support ◽  
Water Permeation ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Abstract Computational fluid dynamics simulations for water desalination using forward osmosis were conducted on a flat membrane module. In the simulations, the effect of the porous support layer is assumed negligible. The simulations were performed with two values of flow rate such that the Reynolds number equals 200 and 800 in each channel. The working temperatures of both the feed and the draw solutions were varied from 20°C to 40°C. The feed solution had a concentration of 0.00355 solute mass fraction while the draw concentration was set to 0.0355 solute mass fraction. In all simulations, the laminar model was utilized. The results of the simulations suggest that the osmotic pressure is not the only factor that affects the water flux in forward osmosis when there is a temperature difference between the two sides of the membrane. The solution properties have a significant effect on the separation process. As the solution temperature increases, the viscosity decreases, which in turn increases the water permeation through the membrane. The feed temperature had a more substantial influence on the water flux compared to the draw temperature. Also, the effect of changing the flow rate did not change the results substantially.

scholarly journals Superparamagnetic Fe3O4@CA Nanoparticles and Their Potential as Draw Solution Agents in Forward Osmosis

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2965
Author(s):  
Irena Petrinic ◽  
Janja Stergar ◽  
Hermina Bukšek ◽  
Miha Drofenik ◽  
Sašo Gyergyek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Colloidal Solutions ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Draw Solution

In this study, citric acid (CA)-coated magnetite Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@CA MNPs) for use as draw solution (DS) agents in forward osmosis (FO) were synthesized by co-precipitation and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and magnetic measurements. Prepared 3.7% w/w colloidal solutions of Fe3O4@CA MNPs exhibited an osmotic pressure of 18.7 bar after purification without aggregation and a sufficient magnetization of 44 emu/g to allow DS regeneration by an external magnetic field. Fe3O4@CA suspensions were used as DS in FO cross-flow filtration with deionized (DI) water as FS and with the active layer of the FO membrane facing the FS and NaCl as a reference DS. The same transmembrane bulk osmotic pressure resulted in different water fluxes for NaCl and MNPs, respectively. Thus the initial water flux with Fe3O4@CA was 9.2 LMH whereas for 0.45 M NaCl as DS it was 14.1 LMH. The reverse solute flux was 0.08 GMH for Fe3O4@CA and 2.5 GMH for NaCl. These differences are ascribed to a more pronounced internal dilutive concentration polarization with Fe3O4@CA as DS compared to NaCl as DS. This research demonstrated that the proposed Fe3O4@CA can be used as a potential low reverse solute flux DS for FO processes.

scholarly journals Forward Osmosis: Temperature Effects By Using Pome as Feed Solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanizah Arifin ◽  
Thomas S.Y. Choong ◽  
Chan Kam Rong ◽  
Fakhru'l Al-Razi Ahmadun ◽  
Luqman Chuah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Cross Flow Velocity ◽  
Higher Temperature

Forward osmosis (FO) has recently been considered as one of the promising technologies for low energy applications. Factors that influence FO performance are draw solution, types of membrane, membrane orientation, cross flow velocity, module configuration and temperature effect. In this study, the influence of temperature on the performance of FO process has been studied in terms of water flux by using raw POME as feed solution. A higher temperature creates a higher water fluxes at various draw solution concentrations. Percentages of water flux increments for raw POME are between 7% to 9% from 25ºC to 35ºC and 32% to 75% from 25ºC to 45ºC.

scholarly journals Effect of Membrane Fouling on Fertilizer-Drawn Forward Osmosis Desalination Performance

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Majeda Khraisheh ◽  
Mona Gulied ◽  
Fares AlMomani
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Cellulose Triacetate ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Cleaning Methods

Fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) has garnered immense attention for its application in the agricultural field and its potential to reuse wastewater sustainably. Membrane fouling, however, remains to be a challenge for the process. This study aims to investigate the influence of membrane fouling on the performance of the FDFO process. Synthetic wastewater (SWW) and multi-component fertilizer (MCF) were used as feed solution (FS) and draw solution (DS) with cellulose triacetate (CTA) forward osmosis (FO) membrane orientation. The performance was evaluated through water flux (WF), percentage recovery and percentage of salt reject. The WF declined from 10.32 LMH (L/m2·h) to 3.30 LMH when ultra-pure water as FS was switched with concentration FS indicating the dependence of the performance on the type of FS used. Accelerated fouling experiments conducted to verify the fouling behavior showed a decline in the water flux from 8.6 LMH to 3.09 LMH with SWW and 13.1 LMH to 3.42 LMH when deionized water was used as FS. The effects of osmotic backwashing and in situ flushing as physical cleaning methods of the foul membrane were studied through water flux and salt recovery percentage. Both cleaning methods yielded a WF close to the baseline. Osmotic backwashing yielded better results by eliminating foulant–foulant and foulant–membrane adhesion. The cleaning methods were able to recover 75% of phosphate and 60% of nitrate salts. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results validated the effectiveness of the methods for the physical cleaning of foul membranes. This study underlines the importance of the FS used in FDFO and the effectiveness of osmotic backwashing as a cleaning method of FO membranes.

ASSESSING THE FORWARD OSMOSIS PERFORMANCES USING CTA MEMBRANE: EFFECT OF SOLUTION VOLUME RATIO AND TYPE OF DRAW SOLUTE

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (5-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeng Yih Law ◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Solute Leakage ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Solution Volume

Osmotically-driven forward osmosis (FO) has gained significant attention in the last decade due to its potential application in various disciplines. Draw solution serves as the driving force in FO process for inducing water transport across the membrane. FO technology can be used to reject or concentrate high valuable products in the chemical and bioprocess industries which often encounter great challenge in terms of dilute product formation. In this study, commercial cellulose triacetate (CTA) flat sheet FO membrane was investigated using several types of inorganic draw solute. Pure water fluxes ranged from 5.20 to 6.30    L.m-2.h-1 were achieved for selected draw solutes. The reverse solute leakage was shown by the increment of conductivity in the feed solution. Among the draw solutes, NaCl demonstrated highest reverse solute leakage (72.45 µS cm-1) attributed to its relatively smaller molecular size. The water fluxes at feed to draw solution volume ratios of 1:2 and 1:3 were found to be slightly lower than that to the volume ratios of 1:0.6 and 1:1. With respect to sodium succinate feed solution, MgCl2 was capable of generating higher osmotic pressure and thus higher water flux was observed compared to NaCl draw solute. Overall, the selected inorganic draw solutes demonstrated encouraging FO performances and could be used for concentrating sodium succinate solution.  

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