scholarly journals Effectiveness of Contact Tracing on Viral Disease Mitigation and Suppression: An Evidence-Based Review (Preprint)

10.2196/32468 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Jean Craig ◽  
Rubina Rizvi ◽  
Van C Willis ◽  
William J Kassler ◽  
Gretchen Purcell Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Viral Disease ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Evidence Based

Effectiveness of Contact Tracing on Viral Disease Mitigation and Suppression: An Evidence-Based Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Jean Craig ◽  
Rubina Rizvi ◽  
Van C Willis ◽  
William J Kassler ◽  
Gretchen Purcell Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Effective Public Health

BACKGROUND Contact tracing in association with quarantine and isolation is an important public health tool to control outbreaks of infectious diseases. This strategy has been widely implemented in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The effectiveness of this non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) is largely dependent on social interactions within the population and its combination with other interventions. Given the high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2, small serial intervals, and asymptomatic transmission patterns, the effectiveness of contact tracing for this novel agent is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To identify and synthesize evidence regarding the effectiveness of contact tracing on infectious viral disease outcomes based on prior scientific literature. METHODS An evidence-based review was conducted to identify studies from MEDLINE (including pre-print medRxiv server content) related to the effectiveness of contact tracing in viral outbreaks. The search dates were from database inception to July 24, 2020. Outcomes of interest were measures of incidence, transmission, hospitalization, and mortality. RESULTS Out of 159 unique records retrieved, 45 records were reviewed at the full-text level, with 24 meeting all inclusion criteria. Included studies utilized mathematical modeling (n=14), observational (n=8), and systematic review (n=2) approaches. Only two studies considered digital contact tracing. Contact tracing was mostly evaluated in combination with other NPIs and/or pharmaceutical interventions (PIs). While some degree of effectiveness in decreasing viral disease incidence, transmission, and resulting hospitalizations and mortality was observed, these results were highly dependent on epidemic severity (R0 value), number of contacts traced (including pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic cases), timeliness, duration, and compliance with combination interventions such as isolation, quarantine, and treatment. Contact tracing effectiveness was particularly limited by logistical challenges associated with increased outbreak size and speed of spread. CONCLUSIONS Timely deployment of contact tracing strategically layered with other NPIs could be an effective public health tool for mitigating and suppressing infectious outbreaks by decreasing viral disease incidence, transmission, and resulting hospitalizations and mortality.

scholarly journals Treatment of Patients with COVID-19 and Concomitant Cardiovascular Diseases: Do not Forget About the Principles of Evidence-based Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-276
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Martsevich
Keyword(s):  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Recent Discussion ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Based Medicine

The recent discussion about the dangers of using angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARA) in patients with COVID-19 is analyzed in the article. There is controversy over the hypothesis that these drugs can be factors contributing to an unfavorable outcome of a viral disease, as well as the absence of any clinical evidence for this hypothesis. The opinion that withdrawal of ACE inhibitors and ARA in patients with COVID-19 may increase the risk of adverse outcomes is presented.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19): Reviews, Applications, and Current Status

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Currently, the COVID‐19 has directly affected the millions of humans lives. The symptoms of the disease involving fever, malaise, chest infection, and breathing difficulties, were identified, and its existence is continuously becoming restructured. The World Health Organization (WHO) had mentioned the wide diagnostics test besides COVID-19 that would also assist medical facilities to recognize infectious diseases as well as currently focusing efficiently on preventing and afterward defeating this viral disease. The infection is usually transmitted among human beings in direct contact, greatest through the liquid bubbles generated through cough, sneeze, or speaking. This paper reviews the COVID 19 pandemic, its history, current updates, contact tracing applications, and use of emerging technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain for stopping the spreading and provide service online to the patient from a distance.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19): Reviews, Applications, and Current Status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam ◽  
Shamimul Qamar
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Currently, the COVID‐19 has directly affected the millions of humans lives. The symptoms of the disease involving fever, malaise, chest infection, and breathing difficulties, were identified, and its existence is continuously becoming restructured. The World Health Organization (WHO) had mentioned the wide diagnostics test besides COVID-19 that would also assist medical facilities to recognize infectious diseases as well as currently focusing efficiently on preventing and afterward defeating this viral disease. The infection is usually transmitted among human beings in direct contact, greatest through the liquid bubbles generated through cough, sneeze, or speaking. This paper reviews the COVID 19 pandemic, its history, current updates, contact tracing applications, and use of emerging technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain for stopping the spreading and provide service online to the patient from a distance.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19): Reviews, Applications, and Current Status

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Currently, the COVID‐19 has directly affected the millions of humans lives. The symptoms of the disease involving fever, malaise, chest infection, and breathing difficulties, were identified, and its existence is continuously becoming restructured. The World Health Organization (WHO) had mentioned the wide diagnostics test besides COVID-19 that would also assist medical facilities to recognize infectious diseases as well as currently focusing efficiently on preventing and afterward defeating this viral disease. The infection is usually transmitted among human beings in direct contact, greatest through the liquid bubbles generated through cough, sneeze, or speaking. This paper reviews the COVID 19 pandemic, its history, current updates, contact tracing applications, and use of emerging technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain for stopping the spreading and provide service online to the patient from a distance.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Evidence-Based Recommendations on Diagnosis and Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (05) ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berthold Bein ◽  
Martin Bachmann ◽  
Susanne Huggett ◽  
Petra Wegermann
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Lung Protective Ventilation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Benefit Risk Assessment ◽  
Experimental Therapies ◽  
Lung Failure ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Adequate Management

AbstractCOVID-19, a new viral disease affecting primarily the respiratory system and the lung, has caused a pandemic posing serious challenges to healthcare systems around the world. In about 20% of patients, severe symptoms occur after a mean incubation period of 5 – 6 days; 5% of patients need intensive care therapy. Mortality is about 1 – 2%. Protecting healthcare workers is of paramount importance in order to prevent hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, during all procedures associated with aerosol production, personal protective equipment consisting of a FFP2/FFP3 (N95) respiratory mask, gloves, safety glasses and a waterproof overall should be used. Therapy is based on established recommendations issued for patients with acute lung injury (ARDS). Lung protective ventilation, prone position, restrictive fluid management and adequate management of organ failure are the mainstays of therapy. In case of fulminant lung failure, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be used as a rescue in experienced centres. New, experimental therapies are evolving with ever increasing frequency; currently, however, no evidence-based recommendation is possible. If off-label and compassionate use of these drugs is considered, an individual benefit-risk assessment is necessary, since serious side effects have been reported.

scholarly journals Epizootic situation with bovine leukemia in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation in 2012–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00097
Author(s):  
Alexey Gulyukin ◽  
Vladimir Kuzmin ◽  
Leonid Fogel ◽  
Andrey Tsyganov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Central Federal District ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
And Control

Leukemia is a chronic infectious viral disease of a tumor nature. The disease is widespread in different countries of the world and is relevant for most regions of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to study the epizootic situation of leukemia in cattle in livestock farms of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. A complex epizootological method and evidence-based epizootology methods were used in the work. Objects of research are dysfunctional points, sick cattle. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the epizootic situation for the period 2012–2016. In the analyzed period, a total of 470 dysfunctional points for leukemia were identified, which amounted to 29.59 % of the total number of dysfunctional points in the Russian Federation and 62908 animals with leukemia were registered, which amounted to 36.90 % of the total number of diseased animals in Russia. Despite the decrease in the number of cattle infected with leukemia in five subjects, and the absence of animals that died from leukemia in all 18 subjects of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation during 2012–2016, the epizootic situation of leukemia in the whole region remains quite tense, which is explained by the failure to comply with the basic requirements of the state veterinary service regarding sanitary anti-leukemia measures, according to the “Rules for the Prevention and Control of Leukemia of Large R gatogo cattle “ (1999.).

Community Trace: Rapid Establishment of a Volunteer Contact Tracing Program for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Linda Niccolai ◽  
Tyler Shelby ◽  
Brian Weeks ◽  
Christopher Schenck ◽  
Justin Goodwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Local Health Departments ◽  
The Core ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Public Health Strategies

Contact tracing was one of the core public health strategies implemented during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this essay, we describe the rapid establishment of a volunteer contact tracing program in New Haven, Connecticut. We describe successes of the program and challenges that were faced. Going forward, contact tracing efforts can best be supported by increased funding to state and local health departments for a stable workforce and use of evidence-based technological innovations.

scholarly journals Documenting COVID-19 screening before surgery during lockdown (COVID Screen): an audit with routinely collected health data

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
David Story ◽  
Elizabeth Coyle ◽  
Abarna Devapalasundaram ◽  
Sofia Sidiropoulos ◽  
Bobby Ou Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Quality Initiatives ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
Routinely Collected Health Data ◽  
Rapid Changes

ObjectiveThis study analysed screening for COVID-19 before surgery and outcomes of any perioperative testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection during pandemic-restricted surgery. MethodsAn audit was conducted with routinely collected health data before both elective and non-elective surgery at two large Melbourne hospitals during April and early May 2020. We looked for documented systematic screening for COVID-19 disease and fever (>38°C) and results of SARS-COV-2 testing, and proposed a minimum acceptable documenting rate of 85%. ResultsThe study included 2197 consecutive patients (1279 (58%) undergoing elective surgery, 917 (42%) undergoing non-elective surgery) across most specialities. Although 926 (72%) patients undergoing elective surgery had both systematic screening and temperature documented, approximately half that percentage undergoing non-elective surgery (n=347; 38%) had both documented. However, 871 (95%) of non-elective surgery patients had temperature documented. Acknowledging limited screening, 85 (9.3%) non-elective surgery patients had positive screening, compared with 39 (3.0%) elective surgery patients. All 152 (7%) patients who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 were negative, and no cases were reported from external contact tracing. ConclusionsAlthough ‘not documented’ does not necessarily equal ‘not done’, we found that documenting of COVID-19 screening could be improved. Better understanding of implementing screening practices in pandemics and other crises, particularly for non-elective surgery patients, is warranted. What is known about the topic?Little is known about routine screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection among surgical patients. However, it is well established that implementing effective uptake of safety and quality initiatives can be difficult. What does this paper add?We found that although most patients had documented temperature, fewer than 75% had a documented systematic questionnaire screen for COVID, particularly patients undergoing non-elective surgery. What are the implications for practitioners?Clear documenting is important in managing patients. Pandemics and other crises can require rapid changes in practice. Implementing such measures may be less complete than anticipated and may require greater use of evidence-based implementation strategies, particularly in the less predictable care of non-elective surgery patients.

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