scholarly journals Combined effects of estrogen deficiency and cadmium exposure on calcified hard tissues: Animal model relating to itai-itai disease in postmenopausal women

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuo KAKEI ◽  
Toshiro SAKAE ◽  
Masayoshi YOSHIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Estrogen Deficiency ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Hard Tissues

Estrogen deficiency worsens steatohepatitis in mice fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (6) ◽  
pp. G1031-G1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Kamada ◽  
Shinichi Kiso ◽  
Yuichi Yoshida ◽  
Norihiro Chatani ◽  
Takashi Kizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Estrogen Deficiency ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Recent studies indicate an accelerated progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in postmenopausal women. Hypercholesterolemia, an important risk factor for NASH progression, is often observed after menopause. This study examined the effects of estrogen on NASH in ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet. To investigate the effects of estrogen deficiency, OVX mice and sham-operated (SO) mice were fed normal chow or HFHC diet for 6 wk. Next, to investigate the effects of exogenous estrogen replenishment, OVX mice fed with HFHC diet were treated with implanted hormone release pellets (containing 17β-estradiol or placebo vehicle) for 6 wk. OVX mice on the HFHC diet showed enhanced liver injury with increased liver macrophage infiltration and elevated serum cholesterol levels compared with SO-HFHC mice. Hepatocyte monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) protein expression in OVX-HFHC mice was also enhanced compared with SO-HFHC mice. In addition, hepatic inflammatory gene expressions, including monocytes chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2), were significantly elevated in OVX-HFHC mice. Estrogen treatment improved serum cholesterol levels, liver injury, macrophage infiltration, and inflammatory gene expressions in OVX-HFHC mice. Moreover, the elevated expression of liver CCR2 and MCP1 were decreased by estrogen treatment in OVX-HFHC mice, whereas low-density lipoprotein dose dependently enhanced CCR2 expression in THP1 monocytes. Our study demonstrated that estrogen deficiency accelerated NASH progression in OVX mice fed HFHC diet and that this effect was improved by estrogen therapy. Hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women would be a potential risk factor for NASH progression.

scholarly journals Combined effects of aerobic exercise and l -arginine ingestion on blood pressure in normotensive postmenopausal women: A crossover study

Life Sciences ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme M. Puga ◽  
Iane de P. Novais ◽  
Christos S. Katsanos ◽  
Angelina Zanesco
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Combined Effects

scholarly journals Current and Evolving Approaches to Individualizing Estrogen Receptor-Based Therapy for Menopausal Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Santen ◽  
Risa Kagan ◽  
Corrado J. Altomare ◽  
Barry Komm ◽  
Sebastian Mirkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
English Language ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Estrogen Deficiency ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Meta Analyses

Context: Adding progestogens to estrogens changes the risk profile of hormonal therapy for menopausal women, and recent data support the need for progestogen-free options. Several current and evolving approaches to managing estrogen deficiency allow for progestogen omission. We review the mechanisms of estrogen activity and provide an overview of emerging and available estrogen receptor (ER)–based therapies. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed was searched for relevant English-language articles using keywords pertaining to estrogen deficiency, menopause, hormone therapy, and estrogen-only therapy. Pivotal or recent randomized controlled trials, large observational studies, comprehensive meta-analyses, and established therapeutic guidelines were compiled. Evidence Synthesis: Advances in our understanding of ER pharmacology have led to therapies designed to optimize ER activity, including selective ER modulators (SERMs) and tissue-selective estrogen complexes (TSECs). Each estrogen, SERM, and TSEC exhibits a unique profile of tissue-specific activity, spanning the spectrum from ER agonism to antagonism. Systemic estrogens unopposed by progestogens effectively manage menopausal symptoms in hysterectomized postmenopausal women but require progestogen use in postmenopausal women with a uterus. SERMs are effective for managing certain aspects of estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women, but data suggest that pairing a SERM with estrogens to form a TSEC provides a more optimal therapeutic profile for women with a uterus. Conclusions: Treating signs and symptoms of estrogen deficiency requires an individualized approach based on a woman's goals and the purported risks of different therapies. New and emerging agents have demonstrated efficacy in postmenopausal women with a uterus, while allowing these women to avoid progestogens and their possible adverse effects.

scholarly journals NAFLD, Estrogens, and Physical Exercise: The Animal Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Lavoie ◽  
Abdolnaser Pighon
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Nonalcoholic Hepatic Steatosis

One segment of the population that is particularly inclined to liver fat accumulation is postmenopausal women. Although nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis is more common in men than in women, after menopause there is a reversal in gender distribution. At the present time, weight loss and exercise are regarded as first line treatments for NAFLD in postmenopausal women, as it is the case for the management of metabolic syndrome. In recent years, there has been substantial evidence coming mostly from the use of the animal model, that indeed estrogens withdrawal is associated with modifications of molecular markers favouring the activity of metabolic pathways ultimately leading to liver fat accumulation. In addition, the use of the animal model has provided physiological and molecular evidence that exercise training provides estrogens-like protective effects on liver fat accumulation and its consequences. The purpose of the present paper is to present information relative to the development of a state of NAFLD resulting from the absence of estrogens and the role of exercise training, emphasizing on the contribution of the animal model on these issues.

scholarly journals Independent and combined effects of dietary weight loss and exercise on leukocyte telomere length in postmenopausal women

Obesity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. E549-E554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Mason ◽  
Rosa-Ana Risques ◽  
Liren Xiao ◽  
Catherine R. Duggan ◽  
Ikuyo Imayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Leukocyte Telomere Length ◽  
Dietary Weight Loss

scholarly journals Heart geometry in climacteric syndrome on the background of type 1 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-307
Author(s):  
O.A. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Estrogen Deficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Perimenopausal Women

Background. The climacteric period in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) initiates an additional damaging effect on the existing cardinal pathology associated with DM. The purpose was to establish the features of geometric remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) of the heart in women with DM1 during the climacteric period. Materials and methods. The study involved 60 women with type 1 diabetes at the age of 48.74 ± 0.65 years, inclu­ding 41 perimenopausal and 19 postmenopausal ones. The control group consisted of 20 women without diabetes mellitus at the age of 50.02 ± 0.71 years. According to echocardiography, taking into account the stage of menopause, the indicators of the end-diastolic volume (EDV) and size (EDS), the posterior wall thickness of the LV (LVPWT) and the interventricular septum (IVST) were analyzed. The frequency of various types of geometric remodeling of the left ventricle of the heart was analyzed using the Penn Convention formula; for this, the LV myocardial mass index (LVMI) was calculated according to the formulas LVMI = 1.04 [(EDS + LVPWT + IVST)3 – EDS3] – 13.6 (LVMI = ratio LVMI to the plane of the body surface (A) in m2; AM2 = 1 + Weight + Δh / 100, where Δh is the difference between the height of a woman and 160 cm) and the relative wall thickness of the LV (LVRWT) LVRWT = 2LVPWT / EDS. Based on these data, the frequency of various types of geometric remodeling was established: normal geometry, concentric remode­ling, concentric or eccentric LV hypertrophy. Results. The data obtained indicate that postmenopausal women present a significant decrease in the frequency of normal heart geometry compared to perimenopausal women (26.4 versus 75.6 %, p < 0.001) and the frequency of concentric LV remodeling 3.5 times increases (26.3 versus 7.3 %, respectively). Concentric hypertrophy and eccentric LV hypertrophy prevailed 2.5 times in postmenopausal women (31.6 versus 12.1 % and 12.7 versus 4.9 %). Conclusions. In perimenopausal women with type 1 diabetes mellitus, in almost a quarter of cases, geometric remodeling of the left ventricle of the heart takes place. In postmenopausal women with estrogen deficiency, the frequency of pathologi­cal forms of heart geometry exceeds 75 %. The strategy of therapy for cardiac pathology in menopausal women against the background of DM1 should take into account the pathogenetic mechanisms of pathology associated with impaired carbohydrate metabolism and atherogenic measurements against the background of estrogen deficiency as well as limit polypharmacy.

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