scholarly journals Super interesting black hole? The micromorphology of organic materials in a Mesolithic hearth pit feature from the site of Soest-Staringlaan (the Netherlands)

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
D.J. Huisman ◽  
L.A. Tebbens
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Coniferous Wood ◽  
Multiple Samples ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Organic Remains

A series of thin sections from a Mesolithic hearth pit from the site of Soest-Staringlaan (the Netherlands) were studied to assess the variability of the charred and non-charred organic remains inside them. Non-charred remains included plant roots; fungal fruiting bodies and hyphae; mesofauna coprolites; and podzolization-related polymorphic humus and monomorphic humus coatings. Charred remains included charcoal of coniferous wood, charred non-woody plant material and fragments of wood. However, a large proportion of the charred material consists of fine, powdery fragments. This may at least partly be due to trampling and/or eluviation of disintegrating charcoal. Most of the micromorphological features in the Soest pit are similar to those found in pits from previously investigated Mesolithic sites. Common features include the presence of large fragments of charcoal in the lower parts of hearth pits, tar, charred humus and evidence for charcoal disintegration and eluviation. The combined results first and foremost demonstrate the strong variability between samples within the same feature. This implies that multiple samples from a pit are necessary in order to at least attempt to try to capture this variability. It is also clear from the results that sampling should include layers or deposits that macroscopically seem to be outside the feature proper. These may contain parts of the phenomenon studied that are difficult to recognize with the naked eye. These observations add to the notion that Mesolithic hearth pits are generally formed by the same human activities, formation processes and taphonomy. However, they make clear that intense sampling is needed for any research to better understand the formation of these pits and that supplemental chemical analyses may be needed to better interpret the observed features and get a better idea of the potential use of these common Mesolithic features.

scholarly journals Observations on early fungal infections with relevance for replant disease in fine roots of the rose rootstock Rosa corymbifera 'Laxa'

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Grunewaldt-Stöcker ◽  
C. Popp ◽  
A. Baumann ◽  
S. Fricke ◽  
M. Menssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Replant Disease ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Rose

AbstractReplant disease is a worldwide phenomenon affecting various woody plant genera and species, especially within the Rosaceae. Compared to decades of intensive studies regarding replant disease of apple (ARD), the replant disease of roses (RRD) has hardly been investigated. The etiology of RRD is also still unclear and a remedy desperately needed. In greenhouse pot trials with seedlings of the RRD-sensitive rootstock Rosa corymbifera ‘Laxa’ cultured in replant disease affected soils from two different locations, early RRD symptom development was studied in fine roots. In microscopic analyses we found similarities to ARD symptoms with regards to structural damages, impairment in the root hair status, and necroses and blackening in the cortex tissue. Examinations of both whole mounts and thin sections of fine root segments revealed frequent conspicuous fungal infections in association with the cellular disorders. Particularly striking were fungal intracellular structures with pathogenic characteristics that are described for the first time. Isolated fungi from these tissue areas were identified by means of ITS primers, and many of them were members of the Nectriaceae. In a next step, 35 of these isolates were subjected to a multi-locus sequence analysis and the results revealed that several genera and species were involved in the development of RRD within a single rose plant. Inoculations with selected single isolates (Rugonectria rugulosa and Ilyonectria robusta) in a Perlite assay confirmed their pathogenic relationship to early necrotic host plant reactions, and symptoms were similar to those exhibited in ARD.

Bronze Age Cremation Cemeteries in the East Midlands

1987 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol S. M. Allen ◽  
Mary Harman ◽  
Hazel Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Small Cluster ◽  
Linear Arrangement ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Probable Function ◽  
East Midlands ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
First Time ◽  
Organic Remains

Two Bronze Age cremation cemeteries excavated between 1968 and 1975 are reported and discussed. At Coneygre Farm, Notts., fifty-one cremations were excavated, thirty-one in pots, six in cists, and fourteen uncontained. Cremations were deposited in a roughly linear arrangement and no barrow was found. At Pasture Lodge Farm, Lincs., twenty-seven pots were found, of which twenty-five had associated cremations, and fifteen further sherds could represent burials. Vessels in this cemetery form a small cluster. Pottery from these two cemeteries is broadly similar to Deverel-Rimbury ware and with vessels from other sites in the region is considered to form an East Midlands group of Bronze Age pottery. Vessels of this type from Frieston and Grantham, Lincs., are illustrated for the first time. Examination of thin sections of the pottery from the two cemeteries suggests that most, although not all, of the materials used could have been found locally. Organic remains found in thin sections provide environmental information. The effect of soils on durability of pots and their probable function is discussed. A direct relationship is noticed for the first time between the age of the cremated individual and the capacity of the pot in which the cremation was deposited.

De Romeinse Limes in Nederland

Lampas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Stephan Mols ◽  
Rien Polak
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
External Boundary ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
History Of ◽  
Frontier Zone ◽  
Organic Remains

Summary For more than five hundred years the southern part of the Netherlands belonged to the Roman Empire, more particularly to the province of Germania inferior (Lower Germany). The left bank of the river Rhine served as the external boundary of this province, once the ambition to annex the Germanic territories across the river had been abandoned. Although the Lower German Limes is only a modest part of the whole frontier system of the Roman Empire, it can boast of various distinctive characteristics, the most important of which is the outstanding preservation of timber buildings, ships and other organic remains in the water-logged conditions of the Rhine delta. This paper presents a brief history of this frontier section and addresses a few general issues, as an introduction to a series of papers discussing a variety of aspects of the frontier and of life in a frontier zone.

Notizen: Changes in the Iron and Phosphorus Content of Stroma Inclusions during Etioplast-Chloroplast Development in Nicotiana

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
B. Jülich ◽  
G. Gliem ◽  
A. G. S Jánossy
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Prolamellar Body ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Phosphorus Containing

Conformational changes of the thylakoid arrangement during light-dependent etioplast-chloroplast development in cotyledons of Nicotiana clevelandii X N. glutinosa are correlated with a decrease of the iron and phosphorus content in electron-dense stroma inclusions. Parallel to the transformation of the prolamellar body and the stacking process of the thylakoids, both the iron and phosphorus content of the inclusions were found to be reduced. Their elemental composition was analysed by means of the energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Due to their high electron-density these stroma inclusions can be observed by conventional transmission electron microscopy in unstained thin-sections from exclusively glutaraldehyde-fixed material. They seem to be involved in membrane formation processes concomitant with the dispersal of the prolamellar bodies. Thus, the iron and phosphorus containing inclusions were found either closely surrounded by membranes or in the intralamellar space of plastids from plantlets illuminated for 1 - 8 hours. In chloroplasts (illumination period 12 -24 hours) no connections between these inclusions and the thylakoids were noticed.

scholarly journals Pore-water controlled grain fracturing as an indicator for subglacial shearing in tills

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (145) ◽  
pp. 446-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Hiemstra ◽  
Jaap J. M. Van Der Meer
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Glacial Deposits ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Fracturing Process

AbstractGenetic classification of glacial deposits still proves to be highly controversial. In many cases, it remains unclear whether a particular sediment has been sub-glacially deformed. In the present paper it is suggested that micromorphological research is helpful where current techniques fail to lead to unambiguous interpretations. It is argued that the occurrence of fractured grains in glacial sediments is indicative of subglacial shearing and that such grains may be used as diagnostic evidence of glaciotectonism. Deformational mechanisms associated with the fracturing process are outlined and explained, using a series of thin sections from Wijnjewoude, The Netherlands.

scholarly journals ASSESSING GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL USE FOR EXPANDING IRRIGATION IN THE BURITI VERMELHO WATERSHED

Irriga ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Elise Wendt ◽  
Lineu Neiva Rodrigues ◽  
Roel Dijksma ◽  
Jos C Van Dam
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Management Group ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Potential Use

ASSESSING GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL USE FOR EXPANDING IRRIGATION IN THE BURITI VERMELHO WATERSHED  DORIS ELISE WENDT1; LINEU NEIVA RODRIGUES2; ROEL DIJKSMA3; JOS C VAN DAM4 [1] Wageningen University, the Netherlands. [email protected];2Embrapa Cerrados, BR020, km18, CEP 73310970, Planaltina, DF.  [email protected];3 Hydrology and Quantative Water Management Group, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. [email protected];4 Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. [email protected];  1 ABSTRACT In Brazil, the increasing middle class has raised food demand substantially. The Brazilian Savannah (Cerrados) is one of the rare places where agriculture can expand and address this new demand without jeopardizing the environment. Cerrados has a strictly divided dry and wet season. The dry season lasts from May to September. This long period contributes to various problems such as water shortages, conflicts and insecure food production. Without irrigation, only two crops can be grown per year in this region. Production suffers with a recurrent drought. Because agricultural production is uncertain, irrigation has an important role in this context, but its expansion is limited by water availability. Water conflicts have already occurred in some watersheds, which may jeopardize agriculture and decrease the livelihood of rural communities. In general, water for irrigation is limited to surface water. Therefore, it is important to investigate alternative sources of water, like groundwater. The purpose of this study is to assess the groundwater potential for expanding the irrigated area in a small-scale catchment (Buriti Vermelho, DF, Brazil). The current water demand was investigated and simulated by an Irrigation Strategies Simulation Model (MSEI). A daily water balance was computed, which quantified catchment storage over time. In addition, groundwater behavior and availability were investigated by recession curve analysis. The irrigated area was changed using two scenarios that showed different effects in both catchment surface water balance and groundwater levels. A decline in groundwater levels is seen in all scenarios one year after the beginning of extra extraction. With time, water levels may decline beyond the natural recovery capacity, which will certainly penalize poorer farmers and result in areas being taken out of agricultural production. Keywords: Base flow Recession, Catchment Hydrology, Hydrogeology, Crop Water Productivity  WENDT, D.E.; RODRIGUES, L.N.; DIJKSMA, R.; DAM, J.C. VANAVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE USO DA ÁGUA SUBTERRÂNEA PARA EXPANSÃO DA IRRIGAÇÃO NA BACIA DO BURITI VERMELHO   2 RESUMO A demanda por alimentos no Brasil cresceu substancialmente devido, entre outras coisas, ao aumento da classe média. O Cerrado brasileiro é um dos poucos lugares no país onde a agricultura ainda pode expandir e atender a essa nova demanda, sem comprometer o meio ambiente. A região do Cerrado possui duas estações climáticas bem definidas, uma seca e outra chuvosa. O longo período da estação seca, que vai de maio a setembro, contribui para o surgimento de vários problemas, entre eles restrições hídricas, conflitos e insegurança na produção de alimentos. Sem irrigação, apenas dois plantios podem ser feitos por ano. Os cultivos sofrem com os veranicos e a produção é incerta. A irrigação é de fundamental importância nesse contexto, mas sua expansão é limitada pela disponibilidade de água. Em algumas bacias hidrográficas já se observam a ocorrência de conflitos, que podem comprometer a agricultura irrigada e a qualidade de vida das comunidades rurais. De maneira geral, a água para irrigação é de superfície. Desta forma, é importante investigar fontes alternativas de água, com vista ao crescimento da irrigação, tais como a água subterrânea. O Objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a viabilidade de se utilizar água subterrânea para expandir a agricultura irrigada na bacia hidrográfica do Buriti Vermelho, DF, Brasil. A demanda atual de água foi estimada por meio de um modelo de simulação de estratégias de irrigação (MSEI). Um balanço diário da água no solo foi realizado. O comportamento e a disponibilidade de água subterrânea foram avaliados por meio de uma análise da curva de recessão. Para fins da análise, foram utilizados três cenários de área irrigada, que indicaram diferentes efeitos tanto no perfil do balanço de água no solo quanto no nível do lençol freático. Nos três cenários avaliados, em apenas um ano após a expansão da área irrigada, verificou-se um rebaixamento do lençol freático, que pode atingir níveis abaixo da sua capacidade natural de recuperação. Esse rebaixamento penalizará principalmente os agricultores menores. Em alguns casos haverá necessidade de interromper a produção em algumas áreas. Palavras-chave: Curva de recessão, hidrologia, hidrogeologia, produtividade do uso da água

scholarly journals Use-wear experimental studies for differentiating flint tools processing bamboo from wood

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 326-338
Author(s):  
Jiying Liu ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Yiming Shen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Wear Analysis ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Organic Resources ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Experimental Reference ◽  
Organic Remains

Bamboo is widespread in south China and is one of the major organic resources in daily use through history due to its similar potential use value as wood. Due to the unfavourable preservation conditions and taphonomic alteration, the rare discovery of well-preserved organic remains from Palaeolithic sites means there is a lack of direct studies on the technology and behaviour of early prehistoric humans. Use-wear analysis has been proved as a reliable method to detect evidence left by working wood and bamboo on stone artefacts. This study aims to provide an experimental reference of use-wear features and patterns to identify and interpret the exploration of bamboo and wood resources in prehistory. In this experiment, 12 flint flakes were selected for processing bamboo stems and pine branches with working motions of whittling, sawing, and chopping. The results show that the use-wear features, including edge scarring, edge rounding, and polish, of bamboo-working and wood-working are distinctive. Edge scarring is closely related to the working motion, and moderate bright to very bright polish is a significant feature associated with bamboo-working. It is possible to distinguish wear traces caused by bamboo-working from those by wood-processing througha combination of low-power and high-power techniques under a 3D digital microscope.

scholarly journals Two methods of preparing thin sections of wet soil from sediments in a marine intertidal zone in the Oosterschelde (the Netherlands).

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
M.J. Kooistra
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Freeze Dried

Thin sections of immature marine sediments in the intertidal zone were prepared by replacement of the soil moisture by acetone, or by freeze drying, prior to embedding and sectioning. Replacement sections were of good quality and did not show artificial cracking. However preparation was time consuming and both salts and humic substances were removed by the acetone. Freeze dried sections were of poorer quality, but satisfactory. Artificial cracking was apparent. Preparation time was shorter but few salts were removed. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals The Return-risk Performance of Selected Pension Fund in OECD with Focus on the Czech Pension System

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1981-1988
Author(s):  
Petr Kupčík ◽  
Pavel Gottwald
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Sharpe Ratio ◽  
Investment Performance ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Sortino Ratio

This paper focuses on the measuring and comparing investment performance of pension funds in selected European countries. Comparison of the investment performance of pension funds is determined by means of the Sharpe ratio and the Sortino ratio. We used data of nominal appreciation of pension funds from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland and the Netherlands in the period 2005−2013. These countries were selected because they have many common features but Sweden, Switzerland and the Netherlands were added to the analysis because we wanted to show the differences between a developed and less developed fully funded system. The last part of this article presents the main causes of the differences in investment performance of pension funds. Conclusions of the paper are focused on a comparison of the results of the Sharpe ratio and the Sortino ratio of pension funds from selected countries and recommendations for the Czech pension system. The article proposes a mechanism for determining the order of the negative Sharpe ratio and the Sortino ratio.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document