scholarly journals New approaches to obtaining scientific innovation in morphological studies of bladder transitional epithelium

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Popadynets ◽  
O Yurakh ◽  
N Tokaruk ◽  
T Kotyk ◽  
I Pukach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Transitional Epithelium ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Euclidean Metric ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Scientific Innovation ◽  
Euclidean Metrics ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Multiple Clusters

Objective: To demonstrate the capabilities of cluster analysis in receiving scientific innovation results in morphological studies of cells of the bladder urothelium.Materials and methods.10 Wistar rats were used. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin; electron microscope studies were  conducted; morphometry was performed in ImageJ and statistics – in studio-R using nonparametric methods and multivariate statistics.Results. A brief description of the main stages of cluster analysis shows way to determine the most important features of uroteliocytes and to reveal their heterogeneity, algorithms of Euclidean metrics and methods of clustering were described, the features of the application of the analysis in morphological studies were presented, an example of using these methods in searching for new results was presented, the models of morphological substantiation of clustering results were showed. Conclusion: 1) cluster analysis provides a scientific novelty in studies of transitional epithelium of the bladder; 2) it is used in case of heterogeneity of cellular composition of urothelium that is detected with a help of coefficient of variation; 3) the most significant features of uroteliocytes are their cell area and their nuclei area; 4) new results on the number of clusters were obtained by method of Ward, and new data on their indicators – by k-means; 5) Euclidean metric is the best to use; 6) to assess the adequacy of the results pairwise comparisons between multiple clusters were carried out according to their indicators; 7) results are presented in dimentional projection and they characterize cellular composition of the urothelium as structural system and detect systemic effects.

Histological Studies of Putrid Abdominal Adhesions as Tool in the Forensic Medical Examination

10.12737/9083 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Калашникова ◽  
S. Kalashnikova ◽  
Барканов ◽  
V. Barkanov ◽  
Горячев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Abdominal Adhesions ◽  
Tissue Adhesions ◽  
Reticular Fibers ◽  
Traumatic Origin ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Histological examination of putrid adhesions is informative to determine the time of death and the etiology of origin of adhesions. Differential staining of adhesions with hematoxylin and eosin, trichrome by Masson, Zerbino with prescription death up to 7 days allows to define the appearance of the cellular composition, staining of muscle fibers on Zerbino and collagen and reticular fibers. In case of death from 7 to 10 days, the loss of the cellular composition in the color with hematoxylin and eosin is determined in tissue adhesions. This preserves the color of the muscle cells on Zerbino and staining of collagen and reticular fibers in the color of trigram by Masson. In the period from 10 to 14 days after the death, adhesions additionally lose the ability to staining of muscle cells on Zerbino. In case of death of more than 14 days, reticular fibers don’t turn spinach. Color is kept only for the collagen fibers in the color of trigram by Masson. In the case of traumatic and non-traumatic origin of putrid modified adhesions on histological sections of adhesions in color according to Perls, the signs of hemorrhage in the area of adhesions in the presence of compounds of trivalent iron are identified. In case of accumulation of the dye in the blue-green color in the form of granules in the soldering and soft tissues of the insertion or impregnation of the dye of the connective tissue and putrid modified muscle fibers, it is possible to diagnose traumatic origin of putrid modified adhesions, and in the absence of positive reactions – their non-traumatic origin.

Some Comments on Non-Euclidean Mental Maps

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R G Golledge ◽  
L J Hubert
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
Curved Spaces ◽  
Euclidean Metric ◽  
General Properties ◽  
Cognitive Information ◽  
Euclidean Metrics

The Euclidean metric is perhaps the most commonly used and most convenient one for representing mapped phenomena. In this paper we examine the suitability of representing cognitive phenomena via the Euclidean metric. Some general properties of spaces are examined with particular emphasis on the properties of isotropy, incompleteness, and curvature, and a more detailed discussion is undertaken of the suitability of using curved spaces (particularly Reimannian spaces) for the representation of cognitive information. A final discussion is presented on the problems of handling manifolds with folds, warps, and tears; and speculations are made concerning the appropriateness of non-Euclidean metrics for the spatial representation of mental maps.

scholarly journals Histomorphological Comparisons and Expression Patterns of BOLL Gene in Sheep Testes at Different Development Stages

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taotao Li ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
Hongyu Zhang ◽  
Zhili Chen ◽  
Xingxu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testicular Function ◽  
Transcript Expression ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Area And Perimeter ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Sperm Maturity

BOLL is implicated in mammalian testicular function maintenance and spermatogenesis. To understand the expression patterns and biological functions of sheep BOLL, we examined the expression and immunolocalization of BOLL in the developing testes of Small-Tail Han sheep aged 0 days (D0), 2 months (2M), 5 months (5M), 1 year (1Y), and 2 years (2Y), by qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry methods. Firstly, morphological studies revealed that, in addition to spermatogonia, ordered and clear spermatocytes, as well as round and elongated spermatids and sperm, were found in the 1Y and 2Y testicular seminiferous tubules of the sheep testes, compared with the D0, 2M, and 5M testes, as analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The diameter and area of the seminiferous tubules, epithelial thickness, and the area and perimeter of the tubule lumens gradually increased with age. BOLL was specifically expressed in testes and upregulation of BOLL transcript expression was higher in the testes of the 1Y and 2Y groups than in those of the D0, 2M, and 5M groups. Similarly, BOLL protein was expressed mainly in the 1Y and 2Y testes, ranging from primary spermatocytes to round spermatids, as well as in the spermatozoa. This study is the first demonstration that sheep BOLL might serve as a key regulator of the spermiogenesis involved in sperm maturity, in addition to its role as a crucial meiotic regulator.

scholarly journals Clustering Kanker Serviks Berdasarkan Perbandingan Euclidean dan Manhattan Menggunakan Metode K-Means

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Slamet Widodo ◽  
Herlambang Brawijaya ◽  
Samudi Samudi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Euclidean Metric ◽  
Manhattan Metric ◽  
Cluster Of Clusters ◽  
Data Objects ◽  
Multiple Clusters

K-means a fairly simple and commonly used cluster of clusters to partition datasets into multiple clusters. Distance calculations are used to find similar data objects that lead to developing powerful algorithms for datamining such as classification and grouping. Some studies apply k-means algorithms using distance calculations such as Euclidean, Manhattan and Minkowski. The study used datasets from gynecological patients with a total of 401 patients examined and as many as 205 patients detected cervical cancer, while 196 other patients did not have cervical cancer. The results were shown with the help of confusion matrix and ROC curve, accuracy value obtained by 79.30% with ROC 79.17% on K-Means Euclidean Metric while K-Means Manhattan Metric by 67.83% with ROC 65.94%. Thus it can be concluded that the Euclidean method is the best method to be applied in the K-Means Clustering algorithm on cervical cancer datasets.

scholarly journals Histological and histochemical changes in the dogs liver at poisoning isoniazid

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (92) ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
H. I. Kotsyumbas ◽  
N. P. Vretsona
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Hepatotoxic Effect ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Lymph Microcirculation ◽  
Histochemical Changes ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Neutral Formalin ◽  
Different Parts

The article presents the results of macroscopic, histological and histochemical studies of dogs liver for isoniazid poisoning. The pathoanatomical section of 18 corpses of dogs of all ages and breeds has been carried out, fragments of different parts of the liver have been selected. Liver samples were fixed in a 10% aqueous solution of neutral formalin, Carnoua and Buena liquids. The dewatering in ethanol of increasing concentration was conducted, sealed in paraffin. The sections were made on a microtome MC-2 in the thickness of 7 microns, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, according to the technique of McManus, Pearles. The produced histoplasts were examined under a light microscope Leica DM 2500 (Switzerland), photocycled by the Leica DFC450C camera using the Leica Application Suite Version 4.4 software. Macroscopically, the liver in all studied corpses of dogs is enlarged, the edges are rounded, inhomogeneously colored (from dark cherry to light brown), loose consistency, a light bloody fluid is secreted on the cut, the structure of the organ is smoothed out. Optically light in the liver of most dogs for isoniazid poisoning noted profound violations of all structures of angioarhitectonics, stroma and parenchyma of the organ. Prevalent non-fibrotic changes in the endothelium, dilatation and deformation of central veins and sinusoidal mesh with the formation of cells filled with blood plasma. The expressed dystrophy and necrobiosis of hepatocytes and Kupferov cells were combined with erythrocyte hemolysis, which was reflected by the deposition of hemosiderin in the cytoplasm of macrophages and bilirubin in hepatocytes. In rare cases, in the liver of poisoned dogs, acute congestive hyperemia, diapedeous hemorrhages in peripartal regions and non-fibrotic changes in hepatocytes were observed. On the basis of conducted morphological studies, it can be argued that derivatives of isoniazid compounds in the dog's organism have a pronounced hepatotoxic effect characterized by a severe violation of blood and lymph microcirculation and all metabolic processes in liver cells, manifested by dystrophic-non-fibrotic processes in the body.

scholarly journals On What Manifold do Diffusion Tensors Live?

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofer Pasternak ◽  
Ragini Verma ◽  
Nir Sochen ◽  
Peter J. Basser
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Affine Invariant ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Basic Notion ◽  
Euclidean Metric ◽  
Statistical Framework ◽  
Euclidean Metrics ◽  
Diffusion Tensors ◽  
Tensor Data ◽  
Confidence Estimates

Diffusion tensor imaging has become an important research and clinical tool, owing to its unique ability to infer microstructural properties of living tissue. Increased use has led to a demand for statistical tools to analyze diffusion tensor data and perform, for example, confidence estimates, ROI analysis, and group comparisons. A first step towards developing a statistical framework is establishing the basic notion of distance between tensors. We investigate the properties of two previously proposed metrics that define a Riemannian manifold: the affine-invariant and Euclidean metrics. We find that the Euclidean metric is more appropriate for intra-voxel comparisons, and suggest that a context-dependent metric may be required for inter-voxel comparisons.

scholarly journals The Prospect of Cluster Analysis’ Use to Obtain the New Scientific Results at the Example of Urotheliocytes’ Study in Experimental Diabetic Cystopathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Popadynets ◽  
Omelian Yurakh ◽  
Nadia Tokaruk ◽  
Galyna Yurakh ◽  
Ilona Pukach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Transitional Epithelium ◽  
Diabetic Cystopathy ◽  
Functional Balance ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
Urothelial Bladder ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development

During the experiment on 70 adult male rats of the Wistar line the priority mechanisms of development of streptotrozotocin diabetic cystopathy were determined. It’s morphometrically and statistically proved that the imbalance of the systemic mechanisms of the functioning of the transitional epithelium of the bladder  starts from the first stages of the development of diabetic cystopathy and is not restored to the end of the experiment; it is associated with a violation of the structural and functional balance between the uroletocytes of clusters 4 and 1 and clusters 2 and 3, as well as with a loss of urothelial bladder of morphological stratification.The general pathological processes accompanying the diabetic cystopathy of a bladder development were revealed. According to the results of histological, morphometric, ultrastructural methods, biochemical studies of blood and urine, determination of water balance and cluster analysis, the main systemic and non-systemic factors that cause the development of these pathological processes were established.

Fine Structural Localization of Acyltransferases Involved in Lipid Synthesis in Intestinal Mucosa.

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
R. J. Barrnett ◽  
J. A. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Mucosal Cell ◽  
Structural Localization ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Initial Appearance ◽  
Sh Group ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Cells

The main products of intestinal hydrolysis of dietary triglycerides are free fatty acids and monoglycerides. These form micelles from which the lipids are absorbed across the mucosal cell brush border. Biochemical studies have indicated that intestinal mucosal cells possess a triglyceride synthesising system, which uses monoglyceride directly as an acylacceptor as well as the system found in other tissues in which alphaglycerophosphate is the acylacceptor. The former pathway is used preferentially for the resynthesis of triglyceride from absorbed lipid, while the latter is used mainly for phospholipid synthesis. Both lipids are incorporated into chylomicrons. Morphological studies have shown that during fat absorption there is an initial appearance of fat droplets within the cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and that these subsequently accumulate in the golgi elements from which they are released at the lateral borders of the cell as chylomicrons.We have recently developed several methods for the fine structural localization of acyltransferases dependent on the precipitation, in an electron dense form, of CoA released during the transfer of the acyl group to an acceptor, and have now applied these methods to a study of the fine structural localization of the enzymes involved in chylomicron lipid biosynthesis. These methods are based on the reduction of ferricyanide ions by the free SH group of CoA.

Chromic Acid Etching of Polyethylene

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
J. D. Muzzy ◽  
R. D. Hester ◽  
J. L. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Crystalline Morphology ◽  
Bulk Specimen ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Perfect Form ◽  
Molecular Length ◽  
Lamellar Texture ◽  
Cost Studies

Polyethylene is one of the most important plastics produced today because of its good physical properties, ease of fabrication and low cost. Studies to improve the properties of polyethylene are leading to an understanding of its crystalline morphology. Polyethylene crystallized by evaporation from dilute solutions consists of thin crystals called lamellae. The polyethylene molecules are parallel to the thickness of the lamellae and are folded since the thickness of the lamellae is much less than the molecular length. This lamellar texture persists in less perfect form in polyethylene crystallized from the melt.Morphological studies of melt crystallized polyethylene have been limited due to the difficulty of isolating the microstructure from the bulk specimen without destroying or deforming it.

Ultrastructural and chemical evidences of heterogeneity and hormone dependence of certain glycocalyces

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-323
Author(s):  
B. Monis ◽  
D. Lis ◽  
I. Parlanti ◽  
A. R. Eynard ◽  
M. A. Valentich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Transitional Epithelium ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
Hormone Dependence ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis ◽  
Electrophoretic Data ◽  
Fat Globule ◽  
Collecting Tubules

We are gathering evidences which indicate ultrastructural variations and chemical heterogeneity of certain glycocalyces as well as hormone dependence of some of them. Thus, in the lumenal glycocalyx of renal collecting tubules of the guinea-pig granular and filamentous structures were seen (1, fig. 1). By isolation, chemical analysis and cellulose acetate electrophoresis in various buffers of tubular membrane material, glycopeptides and glycosaminoglycans were identified (fig. 2).Guinea-pig and rat transitional epithelium of urinary tract showed a filamentous lumenal glycocalyx demonstrable with ruthenium red (fig. 3) but which only in part stained with concanavalin A. Chemical and electrophoretic data indicated that urothelium contains glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids.The glycocalyx of the fat globule membrane of milk of several species has a granular appearance as shown by cationic dyes and by concanavalin A (2, 3, fig. 4 and 5). Also, several glycoproteins were isolated and identified on polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (fig. 6). Glycosaminoglycans and certain glycolipids such as sulfatides were chemically identified in this glycocalyx.

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