scholarly journals Tribological Behaviour Comparison of ABS Polymer Manufactured Using Turning and 3D Printing

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Sharba Muammel M Hanon ◽  
M. Kovács ◽  
László Zsidai
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Dynamic Friction ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Friction Factors ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Additive and subtractive manufacturing of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) were employed for fabricating samples. The Additive manufacturing was represented through 3D printing, whereas subtractive manufacturing carried out by Turning. Some developments have been applied for enhancing the performance of the 3D printer. Tribological measurements of the turned and 3D printed specimens have been achieved. Studying the difference between static and dynamic friction factors and the examination of wear values were included. A comparison of the tribological behaviour of the turned and 3D printed ABS polymer has been investigated.

scholarly journals Tribology behaviour investigation of 3D printed polymers

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Muammel M. Hanon ◽  
Márk Kovács ◽  
László Zsidai
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Friction Factors ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Difference

3D printing of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) were used to prepare specimens utilising fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology. Two colours of PLA filament were printed; white and grey, whereas ABS only in white colour. Determining the tribological properties of 3D printed samples have been carried out, through obtaining the frictional features of different 3D printable filaments. Alternating-motion system employed for measuring the tribological factors. Studying the difference between static and dynamic friction factors and the examination of wear values were included. A comparison among the tribological behaviour of the 3D printed polymers has been investigated. The printed white ABS and PLA specimens show insignificant differences in the results tendency. On the contrary, the grey PLA exhibits a considerable variation due to the incredible growth in the coefficient of friction and wear average as well.

scholarly journals The Effect of Disinfectants Absorption and Medical Decontamination on the Mechanical Performance of 3D-Printed ABS Parts

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4249
Author(s):  
Diana Popescu ◽  
Florin Baciu ◽  
Catalin Gheorghe Amza ◽  
Cosmin Mihai Cotrut ◽  
Rodica Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Air Gaps ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Gas Plasma ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Producing parts by 3D printing based on the material extrusion process determines the formation of air gaps within layers even at full infill density, while external pores can appear between adjacent layers making prints permeable. For the 3D-printed medical devices, this open porosity leads to the infiltration of disinfectant solutions and body fluids, which might pose safety issues. In this context, this research purpose is threefold. It investigates which 3D printing parameter settings are able to block or reduce permeation, and it experimentally analyzes if the disinfectants and the medical decontamination procedure degrade the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts. Then, it studies acetone surface treatment as a solution to avoid disinfectants infiltration. The absorption tests results indicate the necessity of applying post-processing operations for the reusable 3D-printed medical devices as no manufacturing settings can ensure enough protection against fluid intake. However, some parameter settings were proven to enhance the sealing, in this sense the layer thickness being the most important factor. The experimental outcomes also show a decrease in the mechanical performance of 3D-printed ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) instruments treated by acetone cold vapors and then medical decontaminated (disinfected, cleaned, and sterilized by hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization) in comparison to the control prints. These results should be acknowledged when designing and 3D printing medical instruments.

scholarly journals A LITHOPHANE MODEL MAKING PROCESS TO 3D PRINTERS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddavatam Rammohan Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

This paper focuses on to convert photographs into embossed 3D models and then bring them to life using a 3D printer. A Lithophane is a 3-dimensional generation of a 2-dimensional image and 3D representation of a photo can be seen only when it is illuminated from behind. Turning images into 3D objects give us more feeling and literally adds a new dimension. The lithophane can be manufactured by the way of an automated additive manufacturing process, such as 3-D printing. lithophanes are a simple way to enhance your favourite photos. 3D printed photos also known as 3D Printed lithophanes, are an extremely unique and creative application. The process adopted in lithophane is FDM technology, in which different the materials like PLA (polylactic acid), ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), etc. By heating the filament material to its melting point and it is deposited layer by layer. Combination of many layers will give us a final 3D Printed model.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF LOW-COST PARTICULATE MATTER SENSORS FOR MEASUREMENT OF POLLUTANTS GENERATED DURING 3D PRINTING

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
Jarosław Tatarczak
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Particulate Matter Concentration ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Private Homes ◽  
Matter Concentration ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

This work presents measurement results of pollutants generated during 3D printing. The measure of pollutants is the concentration of particulate matter with a diameter of up to 2.5 μm (PM2,5). Materials acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polyactide (PLA) for a 3D printer and low-cost particulate matter concentration sensors PMS3003, PMS7003 were used in the research. Research results show that  low-cost sensors can be useful for monitoring pollution during 3D printing in offices, laboratories or private homes.

One layer at a time: the use of 3D printing in the fabrication of cadmium-free electron field shaping devices

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Michael J. Moore ◽  
Ronald Snelgrove ◽  
Johnson Darko ◽  
Ernest K. Osei
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Intensity Modulation ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Treatment Planning System ◽  
Electron Field ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
3D Printing Technique ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Abstract Introduction: Electron blocks are typically composed of a low melting point alloy (LMPA), which is poured into an insert frame containing a manually placed Styrofoam aperture negative used to define the desired field shape. Current implementations of the block fabrication process involve numerous steps which are subjective and prone to user error. Occasionally, bowing of the sides of the insert frame is observed, resulting in premature frame decommissioning. Recent works have investigated the feasibility of utilising 3D printing technology to replace the conventional electron block fabrication workflow; however, these approaches involved long print times, were not compatible with commonly used cadmium-free LMPAs, and did not address the problem of insert frame bowing. In this work, we sought to develop a new 3D printing technique that would remedy these issues. Materials and Methods: Electron cutout negatives and alignment jigs were printed using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, which does not warp at the high temperatures associated with molten cadmium-free alloys. The accuracy of the field shape produced by electron blocks fabricated using the 3D printed negatives was assessed using Gafchromic film and beam profiler measurements. As a proof-of-concept, electron blocks with off-axis apertures, as well as complex multi-aperture blocks to be used for passive electron beam intensity modulation, were also created. Results: Film and profiler measurements of field size were in excellent agreement with the values calculated using the Eclipse treatment planning system, showing less than a 1% difference in line profile full-width at half-maximum. The multi-aperture electron blocks produced fields with intensity modulation ≤3.2% of the theoretically predicted value. Use of the 3D printed alignment jig – which has contours designed to match those of the insert frame – was found to reduce the amount of frame bowing by factors of 1.8 and 2.1 in the lateral and superior–inferior directions, respectively. Conclusions: The 3D printed ABS negatives generated with our technique maintain their spatial accuracy even at the higher temperatures associated with cadmium-free LMPA. The negatives typically take between 1 and 2 hours to print and have a material cost of approximately $2 per patient.

Fracture Surface of 3D Printed Honeycomb Structures at Low Temperature Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 4235-4238
Author(s):  
Ju-Hwan Choi ◽  
Henzeh Leeghim ◽  
Ju-Hun Ahn ◽  
Dae-San Choi ◽  
Chang-Yull Lee
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Paper Surface ◽  
Bending Loads ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Fractured Surface ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

In this paper, surface characteristics of 3D printed structures fractured at low temperature environments are analyzed. The samples are fabricated by using ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer) material, and the structures are constructed by the well-known honeycomb models using a FDM-Type 3D printer. To analyze the fracture surface of the samples constructed uniquely by using the 3D printer, the bending loads are applied to the samples at 30, −10 and −50 °C, respectively. The characteristics of the fracture surfaces of the 3D samples are also observed by the FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscope) equipment. From this experiment, it is evaluated that the fractured surface of the 3D sample is very rough at 30 °C, while it is smooth at a relatively low temperature. Also, several unique features of the fracture surface of a 3D printed sample structured by honeycomb models are also examined.

scholarly journals The Mechanical and Physical Properties of 3D-Printed Materials Composed of ABS-ZnO Nanocomposites and ABS-ZnO Microcomposites

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nectarios Vidakis ◽  
Markos Petousis ◽  
Athena Maniadi ◽  
Emmanuel Koudoumas ◽  
George Kenanakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
International Standards ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Industrial Implementation ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

In order to expand the mechanical and physical capabilities of 3D-printed structures fabricated via commercially available 3D printers, nanocomposite and microcomposite filaments were produced via melt extrusion, 3D-printed and evaluated. The scope of this work is to fabricate physically and mechanically improved nanocomposites or microcomposites for direct commercial or industrial implementation while enriching the existing literature with the methodology applied. Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO nano) and Zinc Oxide micro-sized particles (ZnO micro) were dispersed, in various concentrations, in Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) matrices and printable filament of ~1.75mm was extruded. The composite filaments were employed in a commercial 3D printer for tensile and flexion specimens’ production, according to international standards. Results showed a 14% increase in the tensile strength at 5% wt. concentration in both nanocomposite and microcomposite materials, when compared to pure ABS specimens. Furthermore, a 15.3% increase in the flexural strength was found in 0.5% wt. for ABS/ZnO nano, while an increase of 17% was found on 5% wt. ABS/ZnO micro. Comparing the two composites, it was found that the ABS/ZnO microcomposite structures had higher overall mechanical strength over ABS/ZnO nanostructures.

Study on Particle Modified ABS in 3D Printing

2019 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
Jun Wen ◽  
Qiong Zhang ◽  
Zhi Feng Zhu ◽  
Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Talcum Powder ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) was modified by aluminum oxide (AL2O3), talcum powder, kaolin and CaCO3. ABS samples were printed by 3D printer after the ABS silk was made. Then the mechanical properties, morphology, melt flow rate were studied in this article. AL2O3 has the best enhancement effect on ABS than other particles, and the melt flow rate was improved when content of AL2O3 less than 10%.

scholarly journals Design and FDM/FFF Implementation of a Compact Omnidirectional Wheel for a Mobile Robot and Assessment of ABS and PLA Printing Materials

Robotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Elena Rubies ◽  
Jordi Palacín
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Small Series ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Oriented Parallel ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

This paper proposes the design and 3D printing of a compact omnidirectional wheel optimized to create a small series of three-wheeled omnidirectional mobile robots. The omnidirectional wheel proposed is based on the use of free-rotating passive wheels aligned transversally to the center of the main wheel and with a constant separation gap. This paper compares a three inner-passive wheels design based on mass-produced parts and 3D printed elements. The inner passive wheel that better combines weight, cost, and friction is implemented with a metallic ball bearing fitted inside a 3D printed U-grooved ring that holds a soft toric joint. The proposed design has been implemented using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and tough polylactic acid (PLA) as 3D printing materials in order to empirically compare the deformation of the weakest parts of the mechanical design. The conclusion is that the most critical parts of the omnidirectional wheel are less prone to deformation and show better mechanical properties if they are printed horizontally (with the axes that hold the passive wheels oriented parallel to the build surface), with an infill density of 100% and using tough PLA rather than ABS as a 3D printing material.

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