A Summary of the Research Activities at the U.S. FDA Related to the Analysis and Occurrence of MCPD Esters and Glycidyl Esters in Edible Oils, Infant Formula, and Other Processed Foods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Beekman ◽  
Shaun MacMahon ◽  
Michael Granvogl
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Glycidyl Esters ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Mcpd Esters ◽  
The U.S

Estimated US infant exposures to 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters from consumption of infant formula

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith H. Spungen ◽  
Shaun MacMahon ◽  
Jessica Leigh ◽  
Brenna Flannery ◽  
Grace Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Glycidyl Esters ◽  
Mcpd Esters

scholarly journals Monochloropropanediols (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters (GE) in infant formulas and challenges of palm oil industry in Malaysia: a review

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 488-496
Author(s):  
N.N.A.N. Azmi ◽  
Y.H. Leong ◽  
T.C. Tan ◽  
M.Y. Ang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Glycidyl Esters ◽  
Mcpd Esters

Infant formula is an exclusive diet that offers the requisite nutrients for infants up to 6 months prior to the introduction of solids in their diet. Vegetable oils in infant formulas that serve as a source of fat could be contamination of monochloropropanediols (MCPD) and glycidol. The toxicity of MCPD and glycidol was highlighted in several studies implied health risk for exposed children, especially with their low body weight. This paper reviewed the occurrence of MCPD and glycidyl esters in infant formulas marketed in various countries, including risk assessment and associated estimated dietary exposure. From the selected studies published between 2015 to 2019, the presence of the contaminants was detected, but their concentrations decreased over the years indicating a low potential health risk to infants. These have been linked to the success of the vegetable oil producers' implementation of mitigation strategies. The paper also discusses the infant formula market in Malaysia, as well as the association of the use of palm oil in infant and follow-up formula in the Malaysian market. As one of the largest producers and exporters of palm oil and palm oil by-products, Malaysia is taking serious steps and the mitigation strategies it is exercising to reduce the level of MCPD and glycidol to comply with the regulation proposed by the European Commission. However, more studies are needed to gain a clearer view of the association between the use of palm oil in infant formulas and the occurrence of MCPD esters and glycidols, as well as their risk assessment.

scholarly journals Factors Impacting the Formation of 3-MCPD Esters and Glycidyl Esters During Deep Fat Frying of Chicken Breast Meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 759-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hua Wong ◽  
Oi Ming Lai ◽  
Faridah Abas ◽  
Kar Lin Nyam ◽  
Imededdine Arbi Nehdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Deep Fat Frying ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Glycidyl Esters ◽  
Mcpd Esters ◽  
Chicken Breast Meat

Childhood eating practices are relevant to ultra-processed food consumption in adulthood: results from the Nutritionists’ Health Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sthefani da Costa Penha ◽  
Marina Maintinguer Norde ◽  
Antonio Augusto Ferreira Carioca
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Eating Practices

Abstract Studies on childhood feeding and current food consumption, according to the NOVA classification, in adults are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between childhood dietary practices and the current consumption of different categories of processed foods in young adults using data from the Nutritionists’ Health Study (NutriHS) cohort. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data of 392 on nutrition undergraduate students or nutritionists aged ≥18 years. Current food consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and the NOVA classification. The investigated childhood eating practices included fruit and vegetable intake, exclusive breastfeeding, and other breastfeeding practices. Participants breastfed with introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods before 6 months had higher current consumption of processed foods than those who were not breastfed (β = 4.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.56–8.04) and those who did not have the habits of eating fruits and vegetables during childhood consumed less unprocessed and minimally processed foods in adulthood than those who ate fruits and vegetables during infancy (β = −3.76; 95% CI = −0.82 to −6.70). Further, later introduction of infant formula or other types of milk between 3 and 5 months of age had a lower current consumption of ultra-processed foods than those fed infant formula or other types of milk before 1 month age of life (β = −3.09; 95% CI = −6.12 to −0.06). In conclusion, childhood feeding practices were linked to food consumption in adult life in NutriHS cohort, highlighting that the first 1000 days of life seems to impact on food choices during adulthood, with potential to protect against nutrition-related diseases later in life.

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