scholarly journals A CHRONIC INHALATION STUDY OF METHYL BROMIDE TOXICITY IN B6C3F1 MICE. (FINAL REPORT TO THE NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM)

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. HABER
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Inhalation Study ◽  
National Toxicology Program ◽  
B6c3f1 Mice

scholarly journals Inhalation reproductive toxicology studies: Sperm morphology study of n-hexane in B6C3F1 mice: Final report

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Mast ◽  
P.L. Hackett ◽  
J.R. Decker ◽  
R.B. Westerberg ◽  
L.B. Sasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Reproductive Toxicology ◽  
Morphology Study ◽  
B6c3f1 Mice

scholarly journals Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Stearoxy Dimethicone, Dimethicone, Methicone, Amino Bispropyl Dimethicone, Aminopropyl Dimethicone, Amodimethicone, Amodimethicone Hydroxystearate, Behenoxy Dimethicone, C24–28 Alkyl Methicone, C30–45 Alkyl Methicone, C30–45 Alkyl Dimethicone, Cetearyl Methicone, Cetyl Dimethicone, Dimethoxysilyl Ethylenediaminopropyl Dimethicone, Hexyl Methicone, Hydroxypropyldimethicone, Stearamidopropyl Dimethicone, Stearyl Dimethicone, Stearyl Methicone, and Vinyldimethicone

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10-35
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fluid Mixture ◽  
Inhalation Study ◽  
Cosmetic Formulations ◽  
Siloxane Polymers

Dimethicone is a fluid mixture of fully methylated linear siloxane polymers end-blocked with trimethylsiloxy units. Methicone is a linear monomethyl polysiloxane. The other dimethicones and methicones covered in this review are siloxane polymers of Dimethicone and Methicone. Most of these ingredients function as conditioning agents in cosmetic formulations at current concentrations of use of ≤ 15%. Clinical and animal absorption studies reported that Dimethicone was not absorbed following oral or dermal exposure. Dimethicone, Methicone, and Vinyldimethicone were not acutely toxic following oral exposure. No adverse reactions were found in rabbits following short-term dermal dosing with 6% to 79% Dimethicone, yet adverse effects were noted with a hand cream formulation containing 1% Dimethicone, suggesting something else in the preparation was toxic. Mice and rats were dosed for 90 days with up to 10% Dimethicone without adverse effect. Dimethicone did not produce adverse effects in acute and short-term inhalation-route studies, Methicone and Vinyldimethicone were negative in acute exposure studies using rats, but Hexyl Methicone was toxic to rats at 5 mg/L delivered in small particle (mean diameter of 0.29 μ) aerosols. Most dermal irritation studies using rabbits classified Dimethicone as a minimal irritant. Dimethicone (tested undiluted and at 79%) was not a sensitizer in four assays using mice and guinea pigs. It was not a sensitizer at 5.0% in a clinical repeated insult patch test using 83 panelists. Most ocular irritation studies using rabbits classified Dimethicone as a mild to minimal irritant. Dimethicone was tested in numerous oral-dose (using rats) and dermal-dose (using rats, rabbits, and monkeys) reproductive and developmental toxicity studies. In a few studies, treated males had significantly decreased body weight and/or decreased testes or seminal vesicles weights. No treatment-related adverse findings were noted in dosed pregnant females or fetuses. Dimethicone was negative in all genotoxicity assays. It was negative in both an oral (tested at 91%) and dermal (tested at an unknown concentration) dose carcinogenicity assay using mice. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel considered it unlikely that any of these polymers would be significantly absorbed into the skin due to their large molecular weight. Although adverse effects were noted in one inhalation study with small aerosol particles, the expected particle sizes for cosmetic products would primarily be in the range of 60 to 80 μ, and less than 1% would be under 10 μ, which is an upper limit for respirable particles. Overall, the safety test data support the safety of these ingredients at the concentrations they are known to be used in cosmetic formulations. Accordingly, the CIR Expert Panel was of the opinion that Stearoxy Dimethicone, Dimethicone, Methicone, Amino Bis-propyl Dimethicone, Aminopropyl Dimethicone, Amodimethicone, Amodimethicone Hydroxystearate, Behenoxy Dimethicone, C24–28 Alkyl Methicone, C30–45 Alkyl Methicone, C30–45 Alkyl Dimethicone, Cetearyl Methicone, Cetyl Dimethicone, Dimethoxysilyl Ethylenediaminopropyl Dimethicone, Hexyl Methicone, Hydroxypropyldimethicone, Stearamidopropyl Dimethicone, Stearyl Dimethicone, Stearyl Methicone, and Vinyldimethicone are safe as used in cosmetic formulations.

Liver Lesions in B6C3F1 Mice: The National Toxicology Program, Experience and Position

1987 ◽  
pp. 10-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Maronpot ◽  
J. K. Haseman ◽  
G. A. Boorman ◽  
S. E. Eustis ◽  
G. N. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Lesions ◽  
National Toxicology Program ◽  
B6c3f1 Mice

Two-Year Toxicity and Carcinogenicity Studies of Panax ginseng in Fischer 344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
pp. 779-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Chuen Chan ◽  
John C. Peckham ◽  
David E. Malarkey ◽  
Grace E. Kissling ◽  
Gregory S. Travlos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Fischer 344 Rats ◽  
Herbal Supplements ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
National Toxicology Program ◽  
Carcinogenic Potential ◽  
The Us ◽  
B6c3f1 Mice

Ginseng is one of the most popular herbal supplements on the US market. Numerous reports of adverse effects from products containing ginseng have been filed with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the literature documents a "ginseng abuse syndrome" among regular users. However, the chronic toxic effects of ginseng are not well characterized. Because of its significant human exposure and the fact that little information on its toxicity is available, Panax ginseng was nominated by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) to the US National Toxicology Program (NTP) to assess its carcinogenic potential. In this paper, we reported the results of NTP chronic toxicity and tumorigenicity bioassay. It shows that, under these experimental conditions, Panax ginseng is not toxic or tumorigenic.

scholarly journals Systemic Vascular Disease in Male B6C3F1 Mice Exposed to Particulate Matter by Inhalation: Studies Conducted by the National Toxicology Program

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn F. Moyer ◽  
Urmila P. Kodavanti ◽  
Joseph K. Haseman ◽  
L. Costa ◽  
Abraham Nyska
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
National Toxicology Program ◽  
B6c3f1 Mice

1: Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Butyl Benzyl Phthalate

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Transformation ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Aromatic Ester ◽  
Ocular Irritation ◽  
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate ◽  
B6c3f1 Mice ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Rats And Mice

Butyl Benzyl Phthalate (BBP) is an aromatic ester that is used as a plasticizer at concentrations below 1.0%. After oral and intravenous (iv) administration, BBP was rapidly excreted. The oral LD50 was: 2.3 g/kg for F344/N rats, and 4.2-6.2 g/kg for B6C3F1 mice. Rats and mice exposed to high concentrations of BBP lost weight, had testicular atrophy, hemorrhages, and hepatomegaly. No toxicity was reported in an oral subchronic toxicity study using dogs. BBP was not a reproductive toxin to CD-1 and B6C3F1 mice; however, BBP caused dose-dependent microscopic degenerative changes in the testes of male F344 rats. BBP was nonmutagenic in the Ames Test, L5178Y TK mouse lymphoma mutagenesis assay, dominant lethal mutagenicity assay, and BALB/3T3 cell transformation assay. An increase in the incidence of mononuclear cell leukemia in female F344/N rats was not considered to be related to the exposure to high doses of BBP. BBP was not carcinogenic in studies using B6C3F1 and A/St mice. Slight transient dermal and ocular irritation was produced by undiluted BBP in rabbits. In human dermal studies, BBP was not a significant irritant nor sensitizer. On the basis of data presented in this report, it is concluded that butyl benzyl phthalate is a safe cosmetic ingredient in the present practices of use and concentration.

Final Report of the Safety Assessment of Methacrylic Acid1

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 33-51 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Methacrylic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Inhalation Toxicity ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Consumer Product Safety Commission ◽  
Inhalation Study ◽  
Skin Contact

Methacrylic Acid is an organic acid used at concentrations between 50 and 88 percent to pretreat the nail and maximize the adhesion between the nail and artificial nail extender. Methacrylic Acid is readily absorbed through mucous membranes of the lungs, the gastrointestinal tract, and the skin; and is distributed to all major tissues. Oral LD50 values for rats ranged from 277 to 2260 mg/kg; acute toxicity symptoms included severe gastric irritation, gasping, labored respiration, prostration and hematuria. In a short-term inhalation study, rats exposed to Methacrylic Acid at 1300 ppm showed nose and eye irritation and weight loss, while necropsy results and blood and urine tests were normal. Methacrylic Acid is an ocular toxicant in animals. Undiluted Methacrylic Acid is corrosive to the skin of rabbits and guinea pigs. Exposure as limited as 3 minutes can cause severe erythema and slight to moderate edema. Exposure from 15 minutes to 24 hours under occlusive patches can cause marked to severe discoloration, slight to severe subcutaneous hemorrhages, necrosis, ulcerations, severe erythema, edema and concave eschar. Methacrylic Acid was irritating and caused strong rubefaction and scab formation in a guinea pig maximization test at challenge concentrations from 10 to 100 percent. It was difficult to determine if the results were type IV hyper-sensitivity reactions or simple irritation. In three other studies, guinea pigs were not sensitized. Methacrylic Acid was not a reproductive/developmental toxicant in rats or mice. Methacrylic Acid was negative in Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity tests using strains TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 both with and without metabolic activation, but was positive in a DNA-cell-binding assay. Case reports involving Methacrylic Acid often involve children. Effects from ingestion include drooling, gagging, and vomiting. Children exposed to Methacrylic Acid as a result of accidental spills caused first and second degree burns to the eyes, face, hands, arms, and chest. The Consumer Product Safety Commission has required child-resistant packaging for liquid household products containing more than 5 percent Methacrylic Acid (weight-to-volume) in a single package. Since Methacrylic Acid is an extremely corrosive chemical, a primary concern about its use as a cosmetic ingredient was the ability to limit exposure to the nail when pretreating the nail prior to application of an artificial nail extender. A videotape presentation demonstrated that a trained professional could use a small applicator brush to dab a limited volume of Methacrylic Acid only to the center of the nail, allowing the monomer liquid to diffuse down the nail without any exposure to the skin. There were no available data to demonstrate that an individual consumer could apply Methacrylic Acid and avoid inadvertent skin contact. In order to minimize any exposure to the acid, the Expert Panel concluded that nail primers containing Methacrylic Acid could be used safely by trained individuals instructed to ensure that there be no contact with the skin. The CIR Expert Panel recognized that there are no chronic inhalation toxicity data on Methacrylic Acid, but was concerned that inhalation of Methacrylic Acid could affect the respiratory tract. Since the inhalation exposure time is significantly increased in a commercial setting, the Panel was more concerned about the safety of the nail technician than the consumer. The Expert Panel concluded that the current NIOSH recommended exposure limit of 20 ppm would provide adequate protection.

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