scholarly journals Results of research to develop cost effective biomonitoring at oil shale lease tracts. Phase I. Fall sampling report

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Skalski ◽  
R.E. Fitzner ◽  
K.A. Gano
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Cost Effective

Economic Evaluation of Ibrutinib Versus Acalabrutinib Versus Zanubrutinib for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 9-10
Author(s):  
Neda Alrawashdh ◽  
Ali McBride ◽  
Marion Slack ◽  
Ivo Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Mantle Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health States ◽  
Mantle Cell ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Cost

Background . Refractory or relapsed mantle cell lymphoma (R/R MCL) is generally associated with poor outcomes; median overall survival (OS) is 4-5 years. First generation Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) (Ibrutinib) and second generation BTKi (acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib) have led to significant improvements in efficacy and safety over conventional chemoimmunotherapy in treating R/R MCL. In the absence of direct head to head clinical trials compare between BTKi, indirect comparisons between the first and second BTKi generations show possible differences in safety and efficacy. We used existing evidence from phase I/II clinical trials for second BTKi generation to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of ibrutinib vs acalabrutinib vs zanubrutinib in treating patients with R/R MCL from the US payer perspective. Methods. A Markov model with two health states (progression-free [PF] and progression or death) was specified. Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves of PF survival (PFS) from the phase III trial by Dreyling et al. (Lancet 2016) for ibrutinib, the phase II trial by Wang et al. (Lancet 2018) for acalabrutinib, and the phase I/II trial by Tam et al. (Blood 2019) for zanubrutinib were fitted to exponential distributions to extract transition probabilities between the two health states for each drug. Wholesale acquisition costs (WAC) were obtained from RedBook and costs of adverse events management were derived from the literature. The analysis was conducted over a lifetime horizon with health utility outcomes and costs discounted at 3.5% per year after the first year. The cost and PFS life years (LYs) and PFS quality-adjusted LYs (QALYs) for each treatment, the incremental PFS LYs and PFS QALYs gained with acalabrutinib or zanubrutinib over ibrutinib, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and cost-utility ratio (ICUR) were estimated in both base and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA: 100,000 simulations). Results. As detailed in the table, acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib were associated with better clinical outcomes than ibrutinib, with incremental PFS LYs gained of 1.61 and 0.98, and incremental PFS QALYs of 1.27 and 0.77, respectively. The incremental costs when comparing acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib with ibrutinib were $110,931and $64,624, respectively. In probabilistic analyses, the ICERs ($61,689/LYg for acalabrutinib; $53,438/LYg for zanubrutinib) and ICURs ($86,750/QALYg for acalabrutinib; $82,897/QALYg for zanubrutinib) were lower than the US willingness to pay (WTP) threshold of $100,000 to $150,000 per QALY for cancer treatment. At WTP of $100,000, the cost-effectiveness acceptability curves showed the probabilities of acalabrutinib, zanubrutinib, and ibrutinib being cost-effective to be 50%, 34%, and 16%, respectively. Conclusions. Acalabrutinib is more cost-effective compared with ibrutinib and zanubrutinib and improves health outcomes more in R/R MCL patients. This analysis using phase I/II trials should be validated as additional trial and real-world evidence about efficacy, safety, and associated health-related quality of life outcomes. Based on the current data, acalabrutinib offers the most cost-effective treatment option in R/R MCL. Disclosures McBride: Coherus BioSciences: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Merck: Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy; Sandoz: Consultancy; MorphoSys: Consultancy; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy. Abraham:Janssen: Consultancy; Coherus BioSciences: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy; Sandoz: Consultancy; MorphoSys: Consultancy; Mylan: Consultancy; Rockwell Medical: Consultancy; Terumo: Consultancy.

Creep Strength and Microstructure of AL20-25+Nb Alloy Sheets and Foils for Advanced Microturbine Recuperators

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Maziasz ◽  
John P. Shingledecker ◽  
Neal D. Evans ◽  
Yukinori Yamamoto ◽  
Karren L. More ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Creep Resistance ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Rupture Life ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Collaborative Program ◽  
Wide Range

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and ATI Allegheny-Ludlum began a collaborative program in 2004 to produce a wide range of commercial sheets and foils of the new AL20-25+Nb stainless alloy, specifically designed for advanced microturbine recuperator applications. There is a need for cost-effective sheets/foils with more performance and reliability at 650–750°C than 347 stainless steel, particularly for larger 200–250 kW microturbines. Phase I of this collaborative program produced the sheets and foils needed for manufacturing brazed plated-fin (BPF) aircells, while Phase II provided foils for primary surface (PS) aircells, and modified processing to change the microstructure of sheets and foils for improved creep-resistance. Phase I sheets and foils of AL20-25+Nb have much more creep-resistance than 347 steel at 700–750°C, and foils are slightly stronger than HR120 and HR230. Preliminary results for Phase II show nearly double the creep-rupture life of sheets at 750°C/100 MPa, with the first foils tested approaching the creep resistance of alloy 625 foils. AL20-25+Nb alloy foils are also now being tested in the ORNL Recuperator Test Facility.

Oil Recovery From Shale With Nuclear Generated Heat

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary M. Sandquist ◽  
Jay F. Kunze ◽  
Vern C. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
High Temperature Steam

Shell Oil Corporation has developed an in-situ process for shale oil recovery that uses electric heaters to heat oil shale deposits and produce chemical reactions within the shale that can liberate the shale-oil. The major production expense is electrical power used to heat the shale. Significantly, small mobile nuclear reactors are now under development and testing that could provide high-temperature working fluids (both gaseous and liquid) at lower unit energy cost to replace current electrical heating. Nuclear generated steam is particularly cost effective and technically attractive for oil shale recovery. Estimates are that US oil shale deposits could be made to produce about 2 million barrels of oil per acre ($200 million/acre of oil at $100/barrel) if properly processed using high temperature steam. Furthermore, a these small nuclear reactors could be delivered by heavy haul truck, carefully buried for adequate shielding and safety, remotely operated, and moved as needed to process large oil shale fields.

Parametric Study of Sleeve Repair on Wrinkled Energy Pipelines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Song ◽  
J. J. Roger Cheng ◽  
Scott Ironside ◽  
Darren Skibinsky
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Phase I Study ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Repair Technique ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Two Phases

Field experience showed that repairing wrinkles developed on energy pipelines using steel sleeves is an efficient and cost effective method. Based on the previous successful numerical simulations of a field wrinkle sleeve repair work, a parametric study was conducted by using Finite Element (FE) method to further investigate the effectiveness of the sleeve repair technique. The FE package ABAQUS 6.4 was utilized in conducting the parametric study. The parameters studied include the length, the thickness, and the material properties of the sleeve, and the thickness of the collar, which is used to fit between the wrinkled pipe and the repairing sleeve. The range of the parameters studied covers the most commonly used typical values in the pipeline industry. Two phases were used in carrying out the parametric study. In Phase I, the parameter that plays the most important role in determining the behavior of the wrinkle sleeve repair system (WSRS) was studied. It is found this parameter is the length of the repairing sleeve. Brief discussion was given regarding the way this parameter affects the behavior of the pipe using the WSRS. In Phase II, based on the results from the Phase I study, the effects of other parameters were investigated through a series of FE analyses. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations for future wrinkle sleeve repair work were given based on the results of the parametric study.

A rapid method to estimate the value of genetic analysis of excised cancers: A comparison in the phase I setting.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 264-264
Author(s):  
Henry Jacob Conter ◽  
Razelle Kurzrock ◽  
Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Leonard A. Zwelling
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Incremental Cost ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Phase I Clinical Trials ◽  
Genetic Sequencing ◽  
The Cost

264 Background: There is great interest in delivering personalized phase I clinical trials for patients. The value of this strategy will be determined by the increased benefit of the testing against the testing’s associated increased costs. We developed and employed a rapid method for determining this value in a cohort of metastatic melanoma patients who participated in phase I clinical trials at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Methods: The clinical parameter of benefit used was time to treatment failure (TTF) and the charges were those accrued by patients during their participation on the trial. Charge data were extracted from the MD Anderson business database. Clinical and charge data were employed in a simulation to compare two strategies: testing all patients' tumor for genetic aberrations or not. Results: In the subcohort of patients (N = 103) that were reviewed for this analysis, patients who underwent molecular testing experienced an increase in TTF of 2 months (4.2 versus 2, p=0.1) compared to those not tested, but this was not the primary concern of this study. Rather, the charges and clinical data allowed for a calculation of the value of the testing. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of genetic sequencing was $49,103 per failure-free month. Ninety-four percent of the this incremental cost was due to the cost of staying on the phase I trial, with only 6% due to the cost of the genetic testing. If the cost of the genetic test was zero, the incremental ICER would still over $46,000 per failure-free month. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the untested strategy was predicted to be the most cost-effective strategy with a willingness-to-pay (WTP) under $52,000 per failure-free month. The sequencing of tumors becomes 85% likely to be the most acceptable strategy by a WTP threshold of $360,000 per failure free month. Conclusions: These data suggest that making molecular testing cost effective requires reducing the costs of clinical research. This methodology is a way to make a determination of value, as well as attributable costs, which we believe will have to be made for each individual clinical setting.

scholarly journals Mathematical Investigation on the Sustainability of UAV Logistics

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonyup Eun ◽  
Byung Duk Song ◽  
Sangbok Lee ◽  
Dae-Eun Lim
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Weight Restrictions ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Ground Vehicle ◽  
Delivery Service ◽  
Effective Option

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are expected to make groundbreaking changes in the logistics industry. Leading logistics companies have been developing and testing their usage of UAVs recently as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective option. In this paper, we investigate how much the UAV delivery service is environmentally friendly compared to the traditional ground vehicle (GV) delivery service. Since there are fuel (battery) and loadable weight restrictions in the UAV delivery, multi-hopping of UAV is necessary, which may cause a large consumption of electrical energy. We present a two-phase approach. In Phase I, a new vehicle routing model to obtain optimal delivery schedules for both UAV-alone and GV-alone delivery systems is proposed, which considers each system’s restrictions, such as the max loadable weight and fuel replenishment. In Phase II, CO2 emissions are computed as a sustainability measure based on the travelling distance of the optimal route obtained from Phase I, along with various GV travel-speeds. A case study finds that the UAV-alone delivery system is much more CO2 efficient in all ranges of the GV speeds investigated.

Utilizing Low Level Videography and GIS to Rethink Traditional Phase I Environmental Site Assessments

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L. Miller ◽  
Cameron Shankland
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Areas Of Interest

The method used for traditional “Phase I” Environmental Site Assessments (ESA’s) has required staff to physically walk the rights-of-way (ROW). In order to compete the ESA in a more timely and cost-effective manner than traditional techniques allowed, URS Corporation (URS) contracted LinearVision (LV) to fly the utility ROW and collect low-level, airborne, geo-referenced videography, complemented with geo-referenced still-imagery to enable URS to complete the Phase I ESA data analysis in their office. The data provided enabled URS’s analysts the ability to access all ROW points of interest in their Geographic Information System (GIS), and “fly” the line with oblique and downward perspectives from their computer screen. The digital video could be sped up or slowed down allowing URS the ability to review each frame for careful, detailed analysis, and identify potential recognized environmental conditions (RECs) and encroachment upon the ROW. The high-resolution still-imagery provided URS the ability to zoom into the potential REC for a closer inspection of site features, vegetation, and surrounding land use. URS created a database of potential RECs and areas of interest along with a simple user interface as a deliverable to the client, which allows the user to link directly to specific video frames and high-resolution photographs for their own review and analysis. The cost of the airborne data capture and processing was substantially less than a traditional Phase I ESA. Furthermore, the video and high-resolution images provided for a more comprehensive analysis tool, which can be reviewed by multiple analysts and catalogued for future reference by third parties. An additional benefit is that the high-resolution photographs can be imported into AutoCAD or other software for development of maps and figures. Overall, the net result of low-level GIS integrated videography is enhanced quality of data and a 50% reduction in total cost for the ROW project as compared to traditional Phase I ESA methodology.

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