scholarly journals A problem of bad odor in bioremediation of oil contaminated soil and proposal of anaerobic treatment method

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
Daiki KAWAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment

Decolorisation of Extraction Stage Bleach Plant Effluent by Combined Hypochlorite Oxidation and Anaerobic Treatment

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 421-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Clark ◽  
M. Bruce ◽  
S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Extraction Stage ◽  
Anaerobic Dechlorination

The feasibility of sequential sodium hypochlorite decolorisation and anaerobic biological treatment, as a low-cost process for decolorisation of extraction-stage bleach plant effluent, was studied. Treatment of E-stage effluent with chlorine can reduce colour by 50-90%, depending on the reaction pH. At pH 10, where the hypochlorite ion is the reactive species, the highest levels of colour removal were observed and, compared with pHs 4 and 7, the effluent produced was less inhibitory to anaerobic bacteria. A chlorine dosage of 0.1 kg active Cl/kg colour was sufficient to achieve about 90% colour removal, although the AOX concentration of the wastewater increased by about 50%. Subsequent anaerobic treatment of the decolorised wastewater was able to reduce the AOX concentration to close to its original level. Only a small amount of colour reversion was observed and an overall colour removal of about 80% was achieved. The hypochlorite treatment caused a substantial increase in the concentration of low molecular mass AOX, which was amenable to anaerobic dechlorination. Anaerobic treatment of untreated ?-stage effluent had no effect on the concentrations of AOX or colour. These results suggest that this treatment method may have potential as a low cost technology for providing a short-term solution to bleach plant colour problems.

Anaerobic treatment of organic chemical wastewater using packed bed reactors

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mijaylova-Nacheva ◽  
B. Peña-Loera ◽  
S. Cuevas-Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Packed Bed Reactors ◽  
Suitable Treatment ◽  
Granulated Activated Carbon

The studied organic chemical wastewater had a high COD, 20–45 g/L, and low TSS, less than 200 mg/L, making anaerobic bio-filtration a suitable treatment method. The organic matter consisted of alcohols, amines, ketones and aromatic compounds, such as toluene and phenol. Granulated activated carbon (GAC) and a porous stone called tezontle, widely available in Mexico, were used as a bio-film support. Once inoculated, the mesophilic reactors with granulated activated carbon (GAC-BFs) reached stability with 80% COD removal in 40 days, while the reactors with tezontle material (tezontle-BF) required 145 days. Biodegradation of more than 95% was obtained with both support media: at organic loads less than 1.7 kg m−3 d−1 in tezontle-BF and with loads of up to 13.3 kg m−3 d−1 in GAC-BFs. The bio-filters with GAC allowed COD removal efficiency of 80% at a load as high as 26.3 kg m−3 d−1, while the same efficiency with tezontle was obtained at loads up to 4.45 kg m−3 d−1. The use of GAC as support material allows greater biodegradation rates than tezontle and it makes the bio-filters more resistant to organic increases, inhibition effects and toxicity. Methanogenic activity was inhibited at loads higher than 1.7 kg m−3 d−1 in bio-filters with tezontle and 22.8 kg m−3 d−1 in bio-filters with GAC. At loads lower than the previously mentioned, high methane production yield was obtained, 0.32–0.35 m3CH4/kg CODremoved. The biomass growth rates were low in the bio-filters with both kinds of material; however, a sufficiently high biomass holdup was obtained.

Treatment of Lead Contaminated Soil using Solidification/Stabilization Method Incorporated with Sugarcane Bagasse

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1908-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Benlamoudi ◽  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Mihail Aurel Titu ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Stabilization Method ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Materials Used

In recent years, tremendous researches have been carried out for solid waste treatment using the solidification/stabilization (S/S) method incorporated with agricultural wastes after the incineration process. These researches, although they showed efficient results, but they may be expensive due to the incineration procedure cost. In the current research, the treatment of lead (Pb) contaminated soil was studied by the incorporation of sugarcane bagasse in its fibrous state into the S/S method. Chemical properties of the materials used were determined by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) test. Some mechanical tests like density, water absorption and compressive strength were conducted in order to meet the regulatory limits for disposing the treated waste. Some leaching tests were also conducted, to measure the leachability of lead (Pb) from the matrices. Solidification/stabilization was found as an effective method that was able to reduce more than 99% of leachability of Pb from polluted soil. Moreover, this method can incorporate until 10% of sugarcane bagasse into the matrices. Although incorporation of sugarcane bagasse up to 10% decreases the strength of the samples and increase the leachability of Pb, but they still fit to the standard. Incorporation of sugarcane bagasse waste in its fibrous state into the solidification/stabilization method may provide an alternative low cost treatment method for Pb polluted soils and may eliminate huge amounts of this waste from the environment.

EELS characterization of “Smut” layer films on steel surface prepared for chrome plating by anodic etching

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 538-539
Author(s):  
E Y. Wang ◽  
J. T. Cherian ◽  
A. Madsen ◽  
R. M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Steel Surface ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Chrome Plating ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Hard Chrome ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Many steel parts are electro-plated with chromium to protect them against corrosion and to improve their wear-resistance. Good adhesion of the chrome plate to the steel surface, which is essential for long term durability of the part, is extremely dependent on surface preparation prior to plating. Recently, McDonnell Douglas developed a new pre-treatment method for chrome plating in which the steel is anodically etched in a sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid solution. On carbon steel surfaces, this anodic pre-treatment produces a dark, loosely adhering material that is commonly called the “smut” layer. On stainless steels and nickel alloys, the surface is only darkened by the anodic pre-treatment and little residue is produced. Anodic pre-treatment prior to hard chrome plating results in much better adherence to both carbon and alloy steels.We have characterized the anodic pre-treated steel surface and the resulting “smut” layer using various techniques including electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) on bulk samples and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) on stripped films.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Therapy for the Treatment of Hypernasality: A Single Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Kollara ◽  
Graham Schenck ◽  
Jamie Perry
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Cpap Therapy ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Studies have investigated the applications of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy in the treatment of hypernasality due to velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD; Cahill et al., 2004; Kuehn, 1991; Kuehn, Moon, & Folkins, 1993; Kuehn et al., 2002). The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of CPAP therapy to reduce hypernasality in a female subject, post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) and pharyngeal flap, who presented with signs of VPD including persistent hypernasality. Improvements in mean velopharyngeal orifice size, subjective perception of hypernasality, and overall intelligibility were observed from the baseline to 8-week post-treatment assessment intervals. Additional long-term assessments completed at 2, 3, and 4 months post-treatment indicated decreases in immediate post-treatment improvements. Results from the present study suggest that CPAP is a safe, non-invasive, and relatively conservative treatment method for reduction of hypernasality in selected patients with TBI. More stringent long-term follow up may indicate the need for repeated CPAP treatment to maintain results.

Surgical treatment of transmissible venereal tumor (sticker sarcoma)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bougherara Hithem ◽  
Boukhechem Saïd ◽  
Aguezlane Abdelaziz ◽  
Benelhadj Khouloud ◽  
Aissi Adel
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Characteristic Appearance ◽  
Recurrent Tumors ◽  
External Genital Organs

Background: Sticker sarcoma, also called venereal sarcoma or venereal lymphosarcomatosis, is a tumor of the external genital organs in females and males. In male animals the penis and foreskin (prepuce) are affected, in the female, it happens in vagina (vagina) and labia (vulva). The diagnosis of sticker sarcoma is based on the chronic discharge, the typical locations and the characteristic appearance of the tumor. Methods: We have relied on the treatment method on the complete surgical removal of all cancer cells that we can access. Results: After surgery, we notice recurrent tumors about six months after surgical treatment, indicating the need for other treatments in addition to surgery. Conclusion: Although spontaneous regressions of sticker sarcoma are documented (with permanent immunity), chemotherapy is the treatment of choice today. Irradiation should also be effective. If the tumor is only removed surgically, there is a high rate of recurrence, and this is what happened with the case that we treated, as the tumor reappeared after less than six months.

PARENTS THERAPY SEBAGAI PENDAMPING LAYANAN KONSELING BAGI PERKEMBANGAN SEKSUAL ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Ronny Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Children With Special Needs ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Aggressive Children

ABSTRACTChildren with Special Needs are children who have special behaviors that require guidance and special education from his parents and teachers. Like children in general, children with special needs also have the development and growth of the physical, mental, psychological and sexual. Based on the research conducted by researchers together with some teachers in individuals investigated, if the children with special needs get therapy sustained every day about sexual behavior and patterns of life, then they tend to have a positive sexual behavior, but if the therapy is not done, then they tend to a negative behavior. This study used the name Parents Therapy, in which the children with special needs who have negative sex in schools (respondents one child), as is often held his cock, embraced by aggressive children of the opposite sex therapy is given not only to their children but also their parents through counseling services. This treatment method is given for 30 days, but there are three days of therapy which is not performed as comparison changes in deviant behavior in children. The results of this therapy are very positive and significant, in which the child has calmness in his mental condition and the negative sexual behavior decreased (changed in his behavior).Keywords: Children with Special Needs, sexual behavior, Parents Therapy and counseling servicesABSTRAKAnak Berkebutuhan Khusus adalah anak yang memiliki perilaku khusus yang memerlukan bimbingan dan pendidikan khusus dari orangtua maupun guru. Seperti layaknya anak pada umumnya, Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus juga memiliki perkembangan dan pertumbuhan dari sisi fisik, mental, kejiwaan maupun seks. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti bersama dengan beberapa guru pada individu yang diteliti, apabila anak berkebutuhan khusus mendapatkan terapi yang berkesinambungan setiap harinya tentang perilaku seks dan pola hidup, maka anak memiliki perilaku seks yang positif, namun apabila terapi tidak dilakukan, maka anak memiliki perilaku yang negatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan nama Parents Therapy, di mana, anak berkebutuhan khusus yang mengalami perilaku seks negatif di sekolah (responden satu anak), seperti sering memegang kemaluannya, memeluk dengan agresif anak-anak yang berlawanan jenis diberikan terapi bukan hanya pada anaknya namun juga orangtuanya melalui layanan konseling. Metode terapi ini diberikan selama 30 hari, namun ada tiga hari terapi tidak dilakukan sebagai pembanding perubahan perilaku menyimpang pada anak. Hasil terapi ini sangat positif dan signifikan, di mana anak tersebut memiliki ketenangan dalam kondisi jiwanya dan perilaku seks negatifnya mengalami penurunan (ada perubahan perilaku).Kata kunci: Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus, perilaku seks, Parents Therapy, dan layanan konseling

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