Facile synthesis of novel hierarchically porous carbon derived from nature biomass for enhanced removal of NaCl

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1821-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guixiang Quan ◽  
Lei Chu ◽  
Xiangyun Han ◽  
Cheng Ding ◽  
Tianming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Accessible Surface Area ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Hierarchically Porous ◽  
Hierarchical Porous ◽  
Activation Conditions

In this work, the hierarchically porous biomass carbon (HPBC) was originally prepared for desalination through a simple activation of cheap biomass carbon (BC). Such crucial activated conditions as the KOH/C ratio, the activation time and the activation temperature were deeply investigated. It is demonstrated that the activated conditions had a great influence on the structure properties and electrochemical performance. According to structure and surface analyses, the HPBC with larger surface area and hierarchical porous structure could be well obtained in suitable activation conditions. The electrochemical analyses showed that the HPBC showed increased electrosorption capacitance, lower inner resistance and good stability, which can be attributed to large accessible surface area and smooth ion transportation. In the further desalination test, the HPBC electrode exhibited enhanced desalination efficiency and capacity. Hence, HPBC can be a promising candidate electrode material for desalination with low cost and high efficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of Air Oxidation on Texture, Surface Properties and Dye Adsorption of Wood-Derived Porous Carbon Materials

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhong Ren ◽  
Liping Deng ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Yafang Lei ◽  
Haiqing Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Air Oxidation ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Porous Carbon Materials ◽  
Hierarchical Porous

Hierarchical porous carbon materials made from cork were fabricated using a facile and green method combined with air activation, without any templates and chemical agents. The influence of air activation on the texture and other surface characteristics of the carbon materials were evaluated by various characterization techniques. Results indicate that air oxidation can effectively improve the surface area and the hierarchical porous structure of carbon materials, as well as increase the number of oxygen-containing functional groups on the carbon surface. The specific surface area and the pore volume of the carbon material activated by air at 450 °C (C800-M450) can reach 580 m2/g and 0.379 cm3/g, respectively. These values are considerably higher than those for the non-activated material (C800, 376 m2/g, 0.201 cm3/g). The contents of the functional groups (C–O, C=O and O–H) increased with rising activation temperature. After air activation, the adsorption capacity of the carbon materials for methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) was increased from 7.7 and 6.4 mg/g for C800 to 312.5 and 97.1 mg/g for C800-M450, respectively. The excellent dye removal of the materials suggests that the porous carbon obtained from biomass can be potentially used for wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Microporosity Development of Herringbone Carbon Nanofibers by RbOH Chemical Activation

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Jiménez ◽  
Paula Sánchez ◽  
Fernando Dorado ◽  
José Luís Valverde ◽  
Amaya Romero
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Structure Development ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
Activation Conditions

The influence of different activation conditions, including activating agent/CNFs ratio, activation temperature, and He flow rate, on the pore structure development of herringbone carbon nanofibers (CNFs) was studied. The best results of activated CNFs with larger specific surface area can be achieved using the following optimized factors: RbOH/CNFs ratio = 4/1, activation temperature = ,and a He flow rate = 850 ml/min. The optimization of these three factors leads to high CNFs micropore volume, being the surface area increased by a factor of 3 compared to the raw CNFs. It is important to note that only the creation of micropores (ultramicropores principally) took place, and mesopores were not generated if compared with raw CNFs.

scholarly journals Exploring the effect of Ni/Cr contents on the sheet-like NiCr-oxide-decorated CNT composites as highly active and stable catalysts for urea electrooxidation

Clean Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Qiuping Gan ◽  
Benzhi Wang ◽  
Judan Chen ◽  
Jianniao Tian ◽  
Tayirjan Taylor Isimjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
Defect Sites

Abstract The developing high-efficiency urea fuel cells have an irreplaceable role in solving the increasingly severe environmental crisis and energy shortages. The sluggish six-electron dynamic anodic oxidation reaction is the bottleneck of the rapid progress of urea fuel-cell technology. To tackle this challenge, we select the NiCr bimetallic system due to the unique synergic effect between the Ni and the Cr. Moreover, better conductivity is assured using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the support. Most importantly, we use a simple hydrothermal method in catalyst preparation for easy scale-up at a low cost. The results show that the hybrid catalysts of NiCrx-oxide-CNTs with different Ni/Cr ratios show much better catalytic performance in terms of active surface area and current density as compared to that of Ni-hydro-CNTs. The optimized NiCr2-oxide-CNTs catalyst exhibits not only the largest electrochemically active surface area (ESA, 50.7 m2 g−1) and the highest urea electrocatalytic current density (115.6 mA cm−2), but also outstanding long-term stability. The prominent performance of the NiCr2-oxide-CNTs catalyst is due to the combined effect of the improved charge transfer between Ni and Cr species, the large ESA, along with an elegant balance between the oxygen-defect sites and hydrophilicity. Moreover, we have proposed a synergistically enhanced urea catalytic mechanism.

Iron and nitrogen co-doped hierarchical porous graphitic carbon for a high-efficiency oxygen reduction reaction in a wide range of pH

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (37) ◽  
pp. 14364-14370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenling Gu ◽  
Liuyong Hu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Erkang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Porous Graphitic Carbon ◽  
Graphitic Carbon ◽  
Hierarchical Porous ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Co Doped

A template-free oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst Fe and N co-doped hierarchical porous graphitic carbon (Fe,N/PGC) was prepared by pyrolyzing a nontoxic and low-cost iron-coordinated polydopamine polymer precursor at 800 °C. The obtained catalyst manifests outstanding oxygen reduction activity in a wide range of pH.

Study on Thorny Bamboo Activated Carbon for Capturing Heavy Metals in Groundwater

2014 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Hsing Huang ◽  
Jin Ton Wen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Activation Conditions

This study used 4~5-year-old thorny bamboo as the raw material to produce activated carbon. The effects of activation conditions on capturing the heavy metals in groundwater were discussed. In order to determine the absorption and capture properties of activated carbon, fundamental adsorption properties including charcoal yield, ash content, pH value, concentration of heavy metals, particle size, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, and Iodine number were analyzed. The experimental results showed that when the activation temperature increased, the charcoal yield of bamboo decreased and the pH value increased. The thorny bamboo activated carbon prepared at an activation temperature of 800 °C for 1 hr exhibited a maximum iodine sorption value and BET surface area value. The results suggested that the thorny bamboo activated carbon prepared under this process condition possesses a highly adsorptive capacity.

Fabrication of Biomass-Derived N, S Co-doped Carbon with Hierarchically Porous Architecture for High Performance Supercapacitor

NANO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050096
Author(s):  
Minhua Jiang ◽  
Xiaofang Yu ◽  
Ruirui Gao ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Zhaoxiu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Large Specific Surface Area ◽  
Hierarchically Porous ◽  
Porous Architecture ◽  
Hierarchical Porous ◽  
Hierarchical Porous Carbons ◽  
Co Doped

Multi-element doped porous carbon materials are considered as one of the most promising electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their large specific surface area, abundant mesoporous structure, heteroatom doping and good conductivity. Herein, we propose a very simple and effective strategy to prepare nitrogen, sulfur co-doped hierarchical porous carbons (N-S-HPC) by one-step pyrolysis strategy. The effect of sole dopants as a precursor was a major factor in the transformation process. The optimized N-S-HPC-2 possesses a typical hierarchically porous framework (micropores, mesopores and macropores) with a large specific surface area (1284.87[Formula: see text]m2 g[Formula: see text] and N (4.63 atomic %), S (0.53 atomic %) doping. As a result, the N-S-HPC-2 exhibits excellent charge storage capacity with a high gravimetric capacitance of 360[Formula: see text]F g[Formula: see text] (1 [Formula: see text]A g[Formula: see text] in three-electrode systems and 178[Formula: see text]F g[Formula: see text] in two-electrode system and long-term cycling life with 87% retention after 10,000 cycles in KOH electrolyte.

Ferrocene-Crosslinked Polypyrrole Hydrogel Derived Fe-N-doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon as Efficient Electrocatalysts for pH Universal ORR and Zn-air battery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Sun ◽  
Teng Zhang ◽  
Hantian Luo ◽  
Jinli Dou ◽  
Weiwei Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Carbon ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hierarchical Porous Carbon ◽  
Hierarchical Porous ◽  
Air Battery ◽  
Carbon Based

Herein, a cost-effective and high-efficiency Fe-N-doped carbon-based catalysts, denoted as PF-800, was facilely prepared via direct carbonization of a polypyrrole hydrogel (PF) using the low cost and commercial massive produced...

scholarly journals Activated Carbons Derived from High-Temperature Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Contescu ◽  
Shiba Adhikari ◽  
Nidia Gallego ◽  
Neal Evans ◽  
Bryan Biss
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Carbon Yield ◽  
Quercus Prinus ◽  
Activation Conditions

Biomass pyrolysis to produce biofuel and hydrogen yields large amounts of charred byproducts with low commercial value. A study was conducted to evaluate their potential for being converted into higher value activated carbons by a low-cost process. Six chars derived from various lignocellulosic precursors were activated in CO2 at 800 °C to 30–35% weight loss, and their surface area and porosity were characterized by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. It was found that, in similar activation conditions, the surface area of the activated carbons correlates with the activation energy of the oxidation reaction by CO2, which in turn varies inversely with the carbon yield after thermolysis in nitrogen at 1000 °C. Since lignin is the most thermally-stable component of lignocellulosic biomass, these results demonstrate, indirectly, that robust, lignin-rich vegetal precursors are to be preferred to produce higher quality activated carbons. The chars derived from white pine (pinus strobus) and chestnut oak (quercus prinus) were converted to activated carbons with the highest surface area (900–1100 m2/g) and largest mesopores volume (0.85–1.06 cm3/g). These activated carbons have properties similar to those of commercially-available activated carbons used successfully for removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals Hierarchically Porous Carbon Derived from Biomass Reed Flowers as Highly Stable Li-Ion Battery Anode

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimin Zhao ◽  
Jingjing Wen ◽  
Yanming Zhao ◽  
Zhifeng Wang ◽  
Yaru Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Hierarchically Porous

As lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode materials, porous carbons with high specific surface area are highly required because they can well accommodate huge volume expansion/contraction during cycling. In this work, hierarchically porous carbon (HPC) with high specific surface area (~1714.83 m2 g−1) is synthesized from biomass reed flowers. The material presents good cycling stability as an LIB anode, delivering an excellent reversible capacity of 581.2 mAh g−1 after cycling for 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1, and still remains a reversible capacity of 298.5 mAh g−1 after cycling for 1000 cycles even at 1000 mA g−1. The good electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the high specific surface area of the HPC network, which provides rich and fast paths for electron and ion transfer and provides large contact area and mutual interactions between the electrolyte and active materials. The work proposes a new route for the preparation of low cost carbon-based anodes and may promote the development of other porous carbon materials derived from various biomass carbon sources.

Optimisation of sugar cane activated carbon for arsenic(V) and arsenic(III) removal from water

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
M. Velasco-Perez ◽  
K. M. Hiscock
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation

This paper addresses the development of low-cost adsorbents for removal of arsenic from water in support of mitigation programmes in low and middle income countries. Activated carbon (AC) is a well established water treatment technology, but has high cost and low selectivity in respect of arsenic. AC made from agricultural by-products is a low-cost alternative to coal-based AC. In this study, the preparation parameters of sugar-cane activated carbon (SCAC) were optimised for arsenic(V) and arsenic(III) adsorption. The effect of preparation parameters on arsenic removal was investigated with a 23 factorial experiment. SCAC was characterised by the pH of zero charge, surface area, pore width distribution, particle size distribution and imaging under scanning electron microscopy. Activation temperature (AT) has a profound effect on arsenic adsorption; arsenic(V) adsorption increased from 2.8% at an AT of 873 K to 87.6% at an AT of 1,173 K. The percentage of arsenic removal from water has a strong positive correlation with surface area, and a strong negative correlation with micropore/pore volume ratio and the percentage in volume of particles with a size of 60–2,000 μm. In conclusion, this research shows that low-cost AC can be manufactured for removal of target pollutants, such as arsenic, from water.

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