Optimisation of sugar cane activated carbon for arsenic(V) and arsenic(III) removal from water

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
M. Velasco-Perez ◽  
K. M. Hiscock
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation

This paper addresses the development of low-cost adsorbents for removal of arsenic from water in support of mitigation programmes in low and middle income countries. Activated carbon (AC) is a well established water treatment technology, but has high cost and low selectivity in respect of arsenic. AC made from agricultural by-products is a low-cost alternative to coal-based AC. In this study, the preparation parameters of sugar-cane activated carbon (SCAC) were optimised for arsenic(V) and arsenic(III) adsorption. The effect of preparation parameters on arsenic removal was investigated with a 23 factorial experiment. SCAC was characterised by the pH of zero charge, surface area, pore width distribution, particle size distribution and imaging under scanning electron microscopy. Activation temperature (AT) has a profound effect on arsenic adsorption; arsenic(V) adsorption increased from 2.8% at an AT of 873 K to 87.6% at an AT of 1,173 K. The percentage of arsenic removal from water has a strong positive correlation with surface area, and a strong negative correlation with micropore/pore volume ratio and the percentage in volume of particles with a size of 60–2,000 μm. In conclusion, this research shows that low-cost AC can be manufactured for removal of target pollutants, such as arsenic, from water.

scholarly journals Development of Activated Carbon Using One Step Carbonization and Activation Reaction by Polymer Blend Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Manocha ◽  
Parth Joshi ◽  
Amit Brahmbhatt ◽  
Amiya Banerjee ◽  
Snehasis Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Optimum Synthesis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
One Step

In the present work, a one step carbon activation process was developed by stabilized poly-blend. It is carbonized in nitrogen atmosphere and activated in steam in one step for known interval of times to enhance the surface area and develop interconnected porosity. The weight-loss behavior during steam activation of stabilized poly-blend at different temperatures, surface area and pore size distribution were studied to identify the optimum synthesis parameters. The results of surface characteristics were compared with those of activated carbon prepared by carbonization and activation in two steps. It was found that activation temperature has profound effect on surface characteristics. As activation temperature was raised from 800 °C to 1150 °C, surface area of activated carbon increased about three times. In addition to surface area, average pore diameter also increases with increasing activation temperature. Thus, activated carbon with high percentage of porosity and surface area can be developed by controlling the activation temperature during activation process.

scholarly journals Preparation, Characterization and Utilization of Coconut Adsorbents as a Filter Media for Wastewater Treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
S. Kaviya ◽  
R. M. Jayabalakrishnan ◽  
M. Maheswari ◽  
S. Selvakumar
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Coir Fibre ◽  
Experimental Findings

The present study investigates the characterization of different coconut based low cost adsorbents like coconut shell biochar, zinc chloride impregnated coconut shell activated carbon, coir fibre and coir geotextile and their suitability characteristics as a filter bed in different wastewater treatment process. The characterization study helps to investigate their physical, chemical and morphological properties like proximate and ultimate analysis, iodine number, decolorizing power, SEM, Surface area using BET, Particle size and Zeta potential. The experiment results showed that among the different adsorbents activated carbon has high fixed carbon content (82.99 percent), more surface area (590.8 m2 g-1), low ash content (1.31 percent) with a decolorizing power of 240-300 mg g-1. The coir fibre and coir geotextile having neutral pH with negative surface charge easily adsorbs the positive cations from aqueous solutions at highest apparent density. The experimental findings suggest that the activated adsorbent which shows better results as an effective filter media for adsorption of organic compounds and pollutants from wastewater.

scholarly journals Optimisation of durian peel based activated carbon preparation conditions for dye removal

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Phung Thi Kim Le ◽  
Kien Anh Le
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Carbon Production ◽  
Removal Capacity

Agricultural wastes are considered to be a very important feedstock for activated carbon production as they are renewable sources and low cost materials. This study present the optimize conditions for preparation of durian peel activated carbon (DPAC) for removal of methylene blue (MB) from synthetic effluents. The effects of carbonization temperature (from 673K to 923K) and impregnation ratio (from 0.2 to 1.0) with potassium hydroxide KOH on the yield, surface area and the dye adsorbed capacity of the activated carbons were investigated. The dye removal capacity was evaluated with methylene blue. In comparison with the commercial grade carbons, the activated carbons from durian peel showed considerably higher surface area especially in the suitable temperate and impregnation ratio of activated carbon production. Methylene blue removal capacity appeared to be comparable to commercial products; it shows the potential of durian peel as a biomass source to produce adsorbents for waste water treatment and other application. Optimize condition for preparation of DPAC determined by using response surface methodology was at temperature 760 K and IR 1.0 which resulted the yield (51%), surface area (786 m2/g), and MB removal (172 mg/g).

scholarly journals Evaluation of alkaline-based activated carbon from Leucaena Leucocephala produced at different activation temperatures for cadmium adsorption

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Muhammad Hilmi Wan Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Hazim Mohamad Amini ◽  
Nurul Syuhada Sulaiman ◽  
Wan Rasidah Wan Abdul Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
The Cost

AbstractHeavy metal contamination in water is happening worldwide. Adsorption using activated carbon is a common choice for cleaning the wastewater. The drawback of activated carbon is the higher cost of production due to the need for high heat in the process. This work investigated on activated carbon produced from the abundantly available Leucaena leucocephala biomass in order to reduce the cost of raw material. The biomass was chemically activated at different activation temperatures. The produced activated carbon was characterized using SEM, FT-IR, surface analyzer, and TGA. Isothermic and thermodynamic studies were done to evaluate the adsorption properties of the activated carbon. It was found out that higher surface area can be obtained using the higher activation temperature. Higher NaOH to carbonized sample ratios also resulted in higher surface area for all activation temperatures, which are 662 m2g-1 for 700 °C activation temperature, 735 m2g-1 for 750 °C, and 776 m2g−1 for 800 °C. Isothermic studies showed that all of the activated carbon that is produced from Leucaena leucocephala biomass are fit to the Langmuir isotherm, regardless of any activation temperature. Lastly, the thermodynamic study found out the adsorption process is endothermic, reflected by the positive value of ΔHo. It can be concluded that Leucaena leucocephala is a promising alternative material for producing activated carbon.

scholarly journals Arsenic Removal from Water by Green Synthesized Magnetic Nanoparticles

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2520
Author(s):  
Jasmina Nikić ◽  
Aleksandra Tubić ◽  
Malcolm Watson ◽  
Snežana Maletić ◽  
Marko Šolić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Corn Silk ◽  
Onion Peel

Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple and ecofriendly method using onion peel (MNp-OP) and corn silk extract (MNp-CS), in order to develop new low-cost adsorbents for arsenic removal from groundwater. As a point of comparison, magnetite nanoparticles were also synthesized with a conventional chemical process (MNp-CO). The antioxidant potential of onion peel and corn silk extracts was determined using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and free radical (DPPH) scavenging assays, including the total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins contents. The synthesized magnetite nanoparticles were characterised using different techniques (Scanning electron microscope/Energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer). The adsorption capacity of MNp-OP and MNp-CS and the arsenic removal mechanism of these novel adsorbents was investigated through kinetic and equilibrium experiments and their corresponding mathematical models. Characterisation of MNp-OP and MNp-CS shows high BET specific surface areas of 243 m2/g and 261 m2/g, respectively. XRD and FTIR analysis confirmed the formation and presence of magnetite nanoparticles. The arsenic adsorption mechanism on MNp-OP, MNp-CS and MNp-CO involves chemisorption, intraparticle and external diffusion. Maximal adsorption capacities of MNp-OP, MNp-CS and MNp-CO were 1.86, 2.79, and 1.30 mg/g respectively. The green synthesis applied using onion peel and corn silk extracts was cost effective and environmentally friendly, and results in adsorbents with a high capacity for arsenic and magnetic properties, making them a very promising alternative approach in the treatment of arsenic contaminated groundwater.

Characterization of Activated Carbon from Sugar Cane Husk

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 1006-1011
Author(s):  
Nurul’ Ain binti Jamion ◽  
Siti Mazleena binti Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Vacuum Method

Interface adsorption of gases and liquid on a clean solid surface could be due to the physical or chemical adsorption. In this study, the activated carbon was prepared from sugar cane husk (powder and granular form) using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as activating agent. Sample was activated at 500°C for two hours in the furnace and washed using vacuum method. Besides, surface area of activated carbon was defined using Single Point Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Nitrogen Gas. The physico-chemical characteristics of the prepared activated carbon were characterized by Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), gravimetric method, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The adsorption study by surfactants, namely CTAB (cationic) and TX-100 (non-ionic) were investigated. The experimental results showed that a good activated carbon was prepared from sugar cane husk granular (SCH-G) gave the highest BET surface area of 860.18 m2/g and the adsorption capacity of SCH-G activated carbon at 25°C using TX-100 (205.81 mg g-1) was greater compared to the CTAB (108.20 mg g-1). This study has shown that the sugar cane husk was a good activated carbon and has potential to be used as adsorbent for the removal of surfactants from aqueous solutions.

Activated carbon powder derived from cashmere guard hair

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-615
Author(s):  
Zhuanyong Zou ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jiahui Ding ◽  
Tanqi Chen ◽  
Xungai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Guard Hair ◽  
Carbon Yield ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Study Results

Converting waste fiber to high value-added carbonaceous materials has been considered as an effective and affordable route in response to the increasing volume of waste fiber in recent year. In this study, we are the first to prepare activated carbon powder derived from cashmere guard hair as a renewable waste protein fiber, using a chemical activation method at different impregnation ratios of K2CO3/cashmere guard hair char and activation temperatures ranging from 400℃ to 600℃. Characterization of the activated carbon powder was carried out by morphology study, specific surface area study, and adsorption study. Results have shown that the increase of the impregnation ratio and the activation temperature created more microporous structure in the activated carbon powder, and then increased the specific surface area of the activated carbon powder as well as the amount of methylene blue adsorbed. However, the carbon yield increases with the increase in the impregnation ratio of K2CO3/cashmere guard hair char and decreases with the increase in the activation temperature. The activated carbon powder, activated by the condition of 1:2 K2CO3/cashmere guard hair char impregnation ratio and 600℃ activation temperature, has a specific surface area of 764.86 m2g−1 and a carbon yield of 14.07 wt%. Compared to the activated carbon powder derived from fine merino wool fibers, the activated carbon powder derived from cashmere guard hair has higher carbon yield, surface area, and total pore volume, showing a superior adsorption performance.

Subsurface iron and arsenic removal: low-cost technology for community-based water supply in Bangladesh

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2702-2709 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. van Halem ◽  
S. G. J. Heijman ◽  
R. Johnston ◽  
I. M. Huq ◽  
S. K. Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Oxidation Zone ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Competing Anions ◽  
Tube Well

The principle of subsurface or in situ iron and arsenic removal is that aerated water is periodically injected into an anoxic aquifer through a tube well, displacing groundwater containing Fe(II). An oxidation zone is created around the tube well where Fe(II) is oxidised. The freshly formed iron hydroxide surfaces provide new sorption sites for soluble Fe(II) and arsenic. The system's efficiency is determined based on the ratio between abstracted volume with reduced iron/arsenic concentrations (V) and the injected volume (Vi). In the field study presented in this paper, the small-scale application of this technology was investigated in rural Bangladesh. It was found that at small injection volumes (<1 m3) iron removal was successful and became more effective with every successive cycle. For arsenic, however, the system did not prove to be very effective yet. Arsenic retardation was only limited and breakthrough of 10 μg/L (WHO guideline) was observed before V/Vi=1, which corresponds to arrival of groundwater at the well. Possible explanations for insufficient arsenic adsorption are the short contact times within the oxidation zone, and the presence of competing anions, like phosphate.

A contribution to solve the arsenic problem in groundwater of Ganges Delta by in-situ treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 2009-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Rott ◽  
H. Kauffmann
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Manganese Removal ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Arsenic in groundwater is a huge problem in numerous regions of the world. Many people are exposed to high arsenic concentrations and consequently risk getting ill or even die as a result of arsenic poisoning. There are several efficient technologies for the removal of arsenic but often these methods have disadvantages, e.g. high costs for installation and/or operation, the need for chemicals or the production of arsenic contaminated filter sludge. These disadvantages can make the application difficult, especially in poor regions. Under suitable ancillary conditions the subterranean (in-situ) treatment, which is often used for iron and manganese removal from groundwater, can also be applied for the removal of arsenic and can be a cost-effective treatment technology. A field trial was carried out with a low-cost in-situ treatment plant in West Bengal/India which is described in this paper, in order to investigate whether this treatment technology is also applicable under the boundary conditions there. As for the in-situ treatment technology besides oxygen no additives are required and no arsenic contaminated filter sludge is produced this technology could be a suitable method for arsenic removal especially in poor regions.

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