scholarly journals Effect of increasing the organic loading rate on the co-digestion and mono-digestion of cattle slurry and maize

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2336-2342 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cornell ◽  
C. J. Banks ◽  
S. Heaven
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Rate Of Loading

Co-digestion of cattle slurry and maize has been shown to have benefits for both, improving the biogas yield of the slurry and stability of digestion of the maize. The effect of increasing the total loading rate from 3 to 6 g VS l–1 day–1 on the co-digestion of cattle slurry and maize, mixed at equal volatile solids volumes, was investigated in laboratory-scale continuously stirred digesters. These were compared with similar digesters evaluating the increase of 1.5 to 3 g VS l−1 day−1 loading rates of slurry and maize digested separately. Compared with mono-digestion of the substrates, where the digestion of maize failed at loading rates greater than 2.5 g VS l−1 day−1, the co-digestion of cattle slurry and maize was feasible at all the loading rates tested with an increase in the volumetric methane yield occurring with loading rate. Even at the lowest rate of loading, the addition of equal amounts of volatile solids of maize to slurry leads to an increase in volumetric methane yield of 219%.

scholarly journals The feasibility of trace element supplementation for stable operation of wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gustavsson ◽  
B. H. Svensson ◽  
A. Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Process Stability ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
High Sulfate

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of trace element supplementation on operation of wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors. The stillage used was a residue from bio-ethanol production, containing high levels of sulfate. In biogas production, high sulfate content has been associated with poor process stability in terms of low methane production and accumulation of process intermediates. However, the results of the present study show that this problem can be overcome by trace element supplementations. Four lab-scale wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors were operated for 345 days at a hydraulic retention time of 20 days (37 °C). It was concluded that daily supplementation with Co (0.5 mg L−1), Ni (0.2 mg L−1) and Fe (0.5 g L−1) were required for maintaining process stability at the organic loading rate of 4.0 g volatile solids L−1 day−1.

scholarly journals Improving Biomethanation of Chicken Manure by Co-Digestion with Ethanol Plant Effluent

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae-Yeol Cheong ◽  
Jeffrey Todd Harvey ◽  
Jinsu Kim ◽  
Changsoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Methane Production Rate ◽  
Specific Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Ethanol Plant

As the global production of chicken manure has steadily increased, its proper management has become a challenging issue. This study examined process effluent from a bioethanol plant as a co-substrate for efficient anaerobic digestion of chicken manure. An anaerobic continuous reactor was operated in mono- and co-digestion modes by adding increasing amounts of the ethanol plant effluent (0%, 10%, and 20% (v/v) of chicken manure). Methanogenic performance improved significantly in terms of both methane production rate and yield (by up to 66% and 36%, respectively), with an increase in organic loading rate over the experimental phases. Correspondingly, the specific methanogenic activity was significantly higher in the co-digestion sludge than in the mono-digestion sludge. The reactor did not suffer any apparent process imbalance, ammonia inhibition, or nutrient limitation throughout the experiment, with the removal of volatile solids being stably maintained (56.3–58.9%). The amount of ethanol plant effluent appears to directly affect the rate of acidification, and its addition at ≥20% (v/v) to chicken manure needs to be avoided to maintain a stable pH. The overall results suggest that anerobic co-digestion with ethanol plant effluent may provide a practical means for the stable treatment and valorization of chicken manure.

Effect of Organic Loading Rate (OLR) on Biogas Yield Using a Single and Three-Stages Continuous Anaerobic Digestion Reactors

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro ◽  
Patrick Okechukwu Ebunilo ◽  
Godwin Ejuvwedia Sadjere
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Three Stages

The rate at which feedstock is added to the anaerobic digester (AD) reactor has to be adjusted for the growth rate of methanogens bacteria. Increase in biogas yield is as a result of improved mathanogens forming bacteria. Under loading and over loading of feedstock in the AD reactor has effect on methanogens forming bacteria. If more feedstock is added than the bacteria are able to degrade, the process will become acidic. Feedstock has to been fed to the reactor at a uniform rate and volume. If feeding pattern has to change, this must be done gradually so that bacteria can adapt to the new conditions. For optimum biogas yield, required amount of feedstock must be added to the AD reactor. The aim of this research work is to determine the effect of organic loading rate (OLR) on biogas yield from food waste, water hyacinth, cow dung, waste water from abattoir, poultry dropping and pig dung. The experimental set up comprises of single stage and three-stage continuous AD reactors. The same quantity and composition of feedstock were used and this was subjected to a variation of OLR 0.5 kg/m3(1.5 kg/m3, 2 kg/m3, 2.5 kg/m3, and 3 kg/m3). The experiment was conducted within a mesophilic temperature range of 36°C-37°C, percentage total solid (%TS) of 9.98% and percentage volatile solid (%VS) of 78%. pH meter was used to monitored the daily pH reading of the slurry. It was observed that the quantity of biogas yield from the feedstock increases with increasing organic load rate to the optimum value of 1.5 kg/m3and started decreasing above the optimum value for a single stage AD reactor but this was not the case for the three-stages continuous AD reactors that experienced continuous increase in biogas yield with a successive increase in OLR from 1-5 kg/m3-3.0 kg/m3.

Start-Up Strategy to Achieve Excellent Efficiency of Degradation Acetate,Ethanol and Propionate in UASB

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2103-2106
Author(s):  
Ming Yue Zheng ◽  
Ming Xia Zheng ◽  
Kai Jun Wang ◽  
Hai Yan
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Metabolic Intermediate ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) fed with three metabolic intermediate (acetate, ethanol, and propionate) respectively was studied. The degradation of metabolic intermediate were investigated to discuss the reason for propionate inhibition problem in anaerobic treatment. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the reactors started with 8.0h.The yield rate of biogas were 237ml/gCOD, 242ml/gCOD, 218ml/gCOD for acetate, ethanol and propionate, respectively when finishing start-up under OLR of 5.0 kgCOD/(m3·d) (HRT=9.6h).The HRT remained constant 9.6h,and the substrate concentration was gradually increased from 1,000 to 16,000mg/L as COD,and the organic loading rates(OLR) was from 3.0 to 40.0 kgCOD/(m3·d).The maximum propionate concentration was 41.6 gHPr-COD/L at the organic loading rate of 43.9 kgCOD/(m3·d) (HRT, 9.6h) as well as acetate and ethanol.

Kinetics of an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor using biolite carrier

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1305-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Prakash ◽  
K. J. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Kinetics Of

Start-up and steady state operation of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBRs) with biolite as the inert carrier material was studied. Start-up and concomitant biofilm development of AFBRs was performed using two common start-up techniques, the maximum efficiency profile (MEP) technique and the maximum load profile (MLP) technique. The MEP start-up technique increases the volumetric organic loading rates to the reactor gradually and is tied to the removal efficiency of the process. The MLP start-up technique maintains a moderately high but constant volumetric organic loading rate irrespective of reactor performance. Using sucrose-based wastewater as feed, both start-up techniques led to equally fast biofilm development and start-up times of approximately 5 weeks. However, the MEP technique resulted in more stable controlled reactor operation during the start-up period. The quick start-up confirms the high compatibility of biolite for bio-adhesion and the development of a healthy active biofilm.High concentrations of biofilm biomass achieved in AFBRs (69 g volatile biofilm solids (VBS)/L of expanded bed volume at an organic loading rate of 25 g COD/(Lùd)) allowed the successful treatment of wastewaters at high organic loading rates and organic removal efficiencies. During steady state experiments, organic removal efficiencies over 80% were obtained for organic loading rates as high as 20 g COD/(L∙d). It was found that the dependence of removal efficiency on hydraulic retention time is influenced by substrate concentration. Total biofilm yield was determined to be 0.08 g VBS/g COD removed, demonstrating the low net synthesis of solids in the AFBR. AFBRs had an average solids retention time of 150 days, corresponding to a washout factor of 0.01. Extrinsic kinetics of the AFBRs was determined to be zero order with a maximum specific utilization rate of 0.48 g COD/(g VBS∙d).AFBRs used to treat municipal landfill leachate with a BOD5:COD ratio of 0.86 achieved steady state COD removal efficiencies that ranged from 70% to 87%, depending on the reactor organic loading rate and the concentration of the leachate being treated. During leachate treatment, biofilm biomass gradually became "mineralized" as a result of precipitation of metal sulfides and carbonates. This eventually resulted in a decrease in biofilm microbial activity and the need for higher pumping rates to maintain the same degree of bed expansion. Key words: anaerobic, biological fluidized bed reactor, biolite, landfill leachate, sucrose, modeling, start-up, steady state kinetics.

Treatment of Landfill Leachate with an Upflow Anaerobic Reactor Combining a Sludge Bed and a Filter

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juu-En Chang
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Operational Characteristics

The operational characteristics, efficiency of treatment of landfill leachate, and recovery of energy in a laboratory scale hybrid bioreactor were investigated. The reactor was a continuous upflow system combining a sludge bed and a filter and was operated at 35°C. This modified anaerobic sludge bed filter (SBF) reactor was found to provide efficient treatment of the organic constituents of the leachate. Removal of soluble COD was greater than 92% at organic loading rates less than 13 kg COD/m3/d, and removal decreased to 70% with an organic loading rate of 21.77 kg COD/m3/d. A solids balance indicated that 0.041 g volatile suspended solids (VSS) were produced per gram of COD removed. The removal of sulfate and soluble Fe was as high as 90% and 96.9%, respectively. An accumulation of Fe was observed. When the influent concentration of total Fe ranged from 160 to 515 mg/l, the total Fe concentration in the sludge was as high as 7,100 mg/l after a 185 day period of operation. The sulfate loading of the system affected energy recovery. When the sulfate loading rate increased from 102 to 683 mg/l/d, energy recovery decreased from 90% to 52%. The biogas conversion factor for methane was 0.31 1 at STP per gram of COD removed.

scholarly journals Magnetic Biofilm Carriers: The Use of Novel Magnetic Foam Glass Particles in Anaerobic Digestion of Sugar Beet Silage

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Ramm ◽  
Carsten Jost ◽  
Elisabeth Neitmann ◽  
Ulrich Sohling ◽  
Oliver Menhorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Foam Glass ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Separation Procedure ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Magnetic Separator ◽  
Volatile Solids

The use of recently developed magnetic foam glass particles for immobilization of microbial biomass was tested. The effect of the particles was illustrated at the production of biogas from sugar beet silage as the sole substrate. Lab-scale fermentation experiments were conducted using a mesophilic completely stirred tank reactor and a magnetic separator. Microscopic analysis revealed biofilm coverage of 50–60% on the surface of the particles within 110 days. It was possible to recover 76.3% of the particles from fermentation effluent by means of a separation procedure based on magnetic forces. Comparing a particle charged reactor with a control reactor showed a small performance gain. The methane rate was increased from1.18±0.09to1.25±0.06 L L−1 d−1and the methane yield was increased from0.302±0.029to0.318±0.022 L g−1(volatile solids) at an organic loading rate of3.93±0.22 g L−1 d−1(volatile solids). Maximum methane rates of 1.42 L L−1d−1at an organic loading rate of 4.60 g (volatile solids) L−1 d−1(reactor including magnetic particles) and 1.34 L L−1 d−1at 3.73 g L−1 d−1(control reactor) were achieved. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the use of magnetic particles could be an attractive option for the optimization of biogas production.

Anaerobic monodigestion of poultry manure: determination of operational parameters for CSTR

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chamy ◽  
C. León ◽  
E. Vivanco ◽  
P. Poirrier ◽  
C. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
High Alkalinity ◽  
Vs Removal

In this work the anaerobic monodigestion for the treatment of turkey manure was evaluated, without its codigestion with another substrate. The effect of the organic loading rate (OLR) and the substrate concentration (high total solids (TS) concentration) or product concentration (high volatile fatty acids (VFA) and/or ammonia (NH3-N) concentrations) was studied. The results show that for a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) operation, a maximum of 40 g/L of TS and 4.0 g/L of ammonium (NH4+) was required. In addition, the maximum organic loading rate (OLR) will not exceed 1.5 kg VS/m3d. Higher TS and NH4+ concentrations and OLR lead to a reduction on the methane productivity and volatile solids (VS) removal. During the CSTR operation, a high alkalinity concentration (above 10 g/L CaCO3) was found; this situation allowed maintaining a constant and appropriate pH (close to 7.8), despite the VFA accumulation. In this sense, the alkalinity ratio (α) is a more appropriate control and monitoring parameter of the reactor operation compared to pH. Additionally, with this parameter a VS removal of 80% with a methane productivity of 0.50 m3CH4/m3Rd is achieved.

Co-digestion of microalga-bacteria biomass with papaya waste for methane production

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenda Cea-Barcia ◽  
Jaime Pérez ◽  
Germán Buitrón
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Volatile Solid ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Total Volatile

Abstract The anaerobic co-digestion of microalga-bacteria biomass and papaya waste (MAB/PW) was evaluated under semi-continuous conditions. Microalgae-bacteria biomass was obtained from a high rate algal pond fed with municipal wastewater and artificially illuminated. The co-digestion of MAB/PW was evaluated using a 1:1 (w/w) ratio and an organic loading rate of 1.1 ± 0.1 g COD/L/d. Enzymatic activity assays of papain were performed in the feeding to determine the activity of this enzyme in the substrate mixture. A methane yield of 0.55 L CH4/gVS and 68% of total volatile solid removal were observed. The volumetric productivity was 0.30 ± 0.03 L CH4/L/d with a methane content of 71%. It was observed that papaya waste was a suitable co-substrate because it maintained a low ammonium concentration, decreasing the risk of inhibition due to ammonia and then increasing the methane yield of the microalgae-bacteria biomass compared to the biomass alone. The pretreatment effect by the addition of papaya waste on the microalgae-bacteria biomass was supported by the papain activity remaining in the substrate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document