scholarly journals Magnetic Biofilm Carriers: The Use of Novel Magnetic Foam Glass Particles in Anaerobic Digestion of Sugar Beet Silage

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Ramm ◽  
Carsten Jost ◽  
Elisabeth Neitmann ◽  
Ulrich Sohling ◽  
Oliver Menhorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Foam Glass ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Separation Procedure ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Magnetic Separator ◽  
Volatile Solids

The use of recently developed magnetic foam glass particles for immobilization of microbial biomass was tested. The effect of the particles was illustrated at the production of biogas from sugar beet silage as the sole substrate. Lab-scale fermentation experiments were conducted using a mesophilic completely stirred tank reactor and a magnetic separator. Microscopic analysis revealed biofilm coverage of 50–60% on the surface of the particles within 110 days. It was possible to recover 76.3% of the particles from fermentation effluent by means of a separation procedure based on magnetic forces. Comparing a particle charged reactor with a control reactor showed a small performance gain. The methane rate was increased from1.18±0.09to1.25±0.06 L L−1 d−1and the methane yield was increased from0.302±0.029to0.318±0.022 L g−1(volatile solids) at an organic loading rate of3.93±0.22 g L−1 d−1(volatile solids). Maximum methane rates of 1.42 L L−1d−1at an organic loading rate of 4.60 g (volatile solids) L−1 d−1(reactor including magnetic particles) and 1.34 L L−1 d−1at 3.73 g L−1 d−1(control reactor) were achieved. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the use of magnetic particles could be an attractive option for the optimization of biogas production.

scholarly journals The feasibility of trace element supplementation for stable operation of wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gustavsson ◽  
B. H. Svensson ◽  
A. Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Process Stability ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
High Sulfate

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of trace element supplementation on operation of wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors. The stillage used was a residue from bio-ethanol production, containing high levels of sulfate. In biogas production, high sulfate content has been associated with poor process stability in terms of low methane production and accumulation of process intermediates. However, the results of the present study show that this problem can be overcome by trace element supplementations. Four lab-scale wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors were operated for 345 days at a hydraulic retention time of 20 days (37 °C). It was concluded that daily supplementation with Co (0.5 mg L−1), Ni (0.2 mg L−1) and Fe (0.5 g L−1) were required for maintaining process stability at the organic loading rate of 4.0 g volatile solids L−1 day−1.

scholarly journals High-resolution monitoring of VFA dynamics reveals process failure and exponential decrease of biogas production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Maurus ◽  
Nicola Kremmeter ◽  
Sharif Ahmed ◽  
Marian Kazda
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Process Failure

AbstractThe future of biogas production will be characterized by on-demand provision to compensate the unpredictability of solar and wind power. Such biogas production through feedstock management is a promising possibility but requires close monitoring. The dynamics of volatile fatty acid (VFA) formation and further degradation to methane production are of special interest when providing high portions of fast degradable carbohydrates. Their fast degradability can impair process stability. The correlation of VFA loading and the biogas process was tested in four anaerobic continuously stirred tank reactors supplied with maize silage hourly and with sugar beet silage twice a day at a 12-h interval. The reactors differed in the amount of sugar beet silage and thus in total organic loading rate from 2.0 to 3.5 kgVS m−3 day−1. The VFA concentrations increased immediately after each input of sugar beet silage but levelled down until the next feeding period. At the highest organic loading rate, successive VFA accumulation escalated after 25 days (50 feeding periods) at 3.5 kgVS m−3 day−1, causing process failure with propionic acid concentrations exceeding 3500 mg L−1. The data revealed a strong negative exponential relationship between VFA concentrations and biogas and methane yields, respectively. High-resolution monitoring showed the instant dynamics of VFA production after intermittent sugar beet silage supply and the cumulative impact during increasing process disturbance.

scholarly journals Improving Biomethanation of Chicken Manure by Co-Digestion with Ethanol Plant Effluent

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae-Yeol Cheong ◽  
Jeffrey Todd Harvey ◽  
Jinsu Kim ◽  
Changsoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Methane Production Rate ◽  
Specific Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Ethanol Plant

As the global production of chicken manure has steadily increased, its proper management has become a challenging issue. This study examined process effluent from a bioethanol plant as a co-substrate for efficient anaerobic digestion of chicken manure. An anaerobic continuous reactor was operated in mono- and co-digestion modes by adding increasing amounts of the ethanol plant effluent (0%, 10%, and 20% (v/v) of chicken manure). Methanogenic performance improved significantly in terms of both methane production rate and yield (by up to 66% and 36%, respectively), with an increase in organic loading rate over the experimental phases. Correspondingly, the specific methanogenic activity was significantly higher in the co-digestion sludge than in the mono-digestion sludge. The reactor did not suffer any apparent process imbalance, ammonia inhibition, or nutrient limitation throughout the experiment, with the removal of volatile solids being stably maintained (56.3–58.9%). The amount of ethanol plant effluent appears to directly affect the rate of acidification, and its addition at ≥20% (v/v) to chicken manure needs to be avoided to maintain a stable pH. The overall results suggest that anerobic co-digestion with ethanol plant effluent may provide a practical means for the stable treatment and valorization of chicken manure.

scholarly journals Adjusting Organic Load as a Strategy to Direct Single-Stage Food Waste Fermentation from Anaerobic Digestion to Chain Elongation

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1487
Author(s):  
Vicky De Groof ◽  
Marta Coma ◽  
Tom C. Arnot ◽  
David J. Leak ◽  
Ana B. Lanham
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Operating Strategy

Production of medium chain carboxylic acids (MCCA) as renewable feedstock bio-chemicals, from food waste (FW), requires complicated reactor configurations and supplementation of chemicals to achieve product selectivity. This study evaluated the manipulation of organic loading rate in an un-supplemented, single stage stirred tank reactor to steer an anaerobic digestion (AD) microbiome towards acidogenic fermentation (AF), and thence to chain elongation. Increasing substrate availability by switching to a FW feedstock with a higher COD stimulated chain elongation. The MCCA species n-caproic (10.1 ± 1.7 g L−1) and n-caprylic (2.9 ± 0.8 g L−1) acid were produced at concentrations comparable to more complex reactor set-ups. As a result, of the adjusted operating strategy, a more specialised microbiome developed containing several MCCA-producing bacteria, lactic acid-producing Olsenella spp. and hydrogenotrophic methanogens. By contrast, in an AD reactor that was operated in parallel to produce biogas, the retention times had to be doubled when fed with the high-COD FW to maintain biogas production. The AD microbiome comprised a diverse mixture of hydrolytic and acidogenic bacteria, and acetoclastic methanogens. The results suggest that manipulation of organic loading rate and food-to-microorganism ratio may be used as an operating strategy to direct an AD microbiome towards AF, and to stimulate chain elongation in FW fermentation, using a simple, un-supplemented stirred tank set-up. This outcome provides the opportunity to repurpose existing AD assets operating on food waste for biogas production, to produce potentially higher value MCCA products, via simple manipulation of the feeding strategy.

scholarly journals Performance of AnMBR in Treatment of Post-consumer Food Waste: Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time and Organic Loading Rate on Biogas Production and Membrane Fouling

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javkhlan Ariunbaatar ◽  
Robert Bair ◽  
Onur Ozcan ◽  
Harish Ravishankar ◽  
Giovanni Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW) is typically limited to large reactors due to high hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Technologies such as anaerobic membrane reactors (AnMBRs) can perform anaerobic digestion at lower HRTs while maintaining high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies. This study evaluated the effect of HRT and organic loading rate (OLR) on the stability and performance of a side-stream AnMBR in treating diluted fresh food waste (FW). The reactor was fed with synthetic FW at an influent concentration of 8.24 (± 0.12) g COD/L. The OLR was increased by reducing the HRT from 20 to 1 d. The AnMBR obtained an overall removal efficiency of >97 and >98% of the influent COD and total suspended solids (TSS), respectively, throughout the course of operation. The biological process was able to convert 76% of the influent COD into biogas with 70% methane content, while the cake layer formed on the membrane gave an additional COD removal of 7%. Total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations were found to be higher in the bioreactor than in the influent, and average overall removal efficiencies of 17.3 (± 5) and 61.5 (± 3)% of TAN and TN, respectively, were observed with respect to the bioreactor concentrations after 2 weeks. Total phosphorus (TP) had an average removal efficiency of 40.39 (± 5)% with respect to the influent. Membrane fouling was observed when the HRT was decreased from 7 to 5 d and was alleviated through backwashing. This study suggests that the side-stream AnMBR can be used to successfully reduce the typical HRT of wet anaerobic food waste (solids content 7%) digesters from 20 days to 1 day, while maintaining a high COD removal efficiency and biogas production.

Assessment of organic loading rate by using a water tank digester for biogas production in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 121688
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohammad Nasiruddin ◽  
Zifu Li ◽  
Heinz-Peter Mang ◽  
Sayed Mohammad Nazim Uddin ◽  
Xiaoqin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Organic Loading

Anaerobic monodigestion of poultry manure: determination of operational parameters for CSTR

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chamy ◽  
C. León ◽  
E. Vivanco ◽  
P. Poirrier ◽  
C. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
High Alkalinity ◽  
Vs Removal

In this work the anaerobic monodigestion for the treatment of turkey manure was evaluated, without its codigestion with another substrate. The effect of the organic loading rate (OLR) and the substrate concentration (high total solids (TS) concentration) or product concentration (high volatile fatty acids (VFA) and/or ammonia (NH3-N) concentrations) was studied. The results show that for a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) operation, a maximum of 40 g/L of TS and 4.0 g/L of ammonium (NH4+) was required. In addition, the maximum organic loading rate (OLR) will not exceed 1.5 kg VS/m3d. Higher TS and NH4+ concentrations and OLR lead to a reduction on the methane productivity and volatile solids (VS) removal. During the CSTR operation, a high alkalinity concentration (above 10 g/L CaCO3) was found; this situation allowed maintaining a constant and appropriate pH (close to 7.8), despite the VFA accumulation. In this sense, the alkalinity ratio (α) is a more appropriate control and monitoring parameter of the reactor operation compared to pH. Additionally, with this parameter a VS removal of 80% with a methane productivity of 0.50 m3CH4/m3Rd is achieved.

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