Organic and metallic pollutants in water treatment and natural wetlands: a review

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Haarstad ◽  
H. J. Bavor ◽  
T. Mæhlum
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Other Substances

A literature review shows that more than 500 compounds occur in wetlands, and also that wetlands are suitable for removing these compounds. There are, however, obvious pitfalls for treatment wetlands, the most important being the maintenance of the hydraulic capacity and the detention time. Treatment wetlands should have an adapted design to target specific compounds. Aquatic plants and soils are suitable for wastewater treatment with a high capacity of removing nutrients and other substances through uptake, sorption and microbiological degradation. The heavy metals Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb were found to exceed limit values. The studies revealed high values of phenol and SO4. No samples showed concentrations in sediments exceeding limit values, but fish samples showed concentrations of Hg exceeding the limit for fish sold in the European Union (EU). The main route of metal uptake in aquatic plants was through the roots in emergent and surface floating plants, whereas in submerged plants roots and leaves take part in removing heavy metals and nutrients. Submerged rooted plants have metal uptake potential from water as well as sediments, whereas rootless plants extracted metals rapidly only from water. Caution is needed about the use of SSF CWs (subsurface flow constructed wetlands) for the treatment of metal-contaminated industrial wastewater as metals are shifted to another environmental compartment, and stable redox conditions are required to ensure long-term efficiency. Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals and wetlands have been shown to be a source of methylmercury. Methyl Hg concentrations are typically approximately 15% of Hgt (total mercury). In wetlands polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), bisphenol A, BTEX, hydrocarbons including diesel range organics, glycol, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), cyanide, benzene, chlorophenols and formaldehyde were found to exceed limit values. In sediments only PAH and PCB were found exceeding limit values. The pesticides found above limit values were atrazine, simazine, terbutylazine, metolachlor, mecoprop, endosulfan, chlorfenvinphos and diuron. There are few water quality limit values of these compounds, except for some well-known endocrine disrupters such as nonylphenol, phtalates, etc.

PPI/CNT nanocomposite for novel high capacity removal of the toxic heavy metals, Hg, Pb and Ni from water

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 190-199
Author(s):  
Bagher Hayati ◽  
Afshin Maleki ◽  
Farhood Najafi ◽  
Reza Rezaee ◽  
Shivaraju Harikaranahalli Puttaiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals

scholarly journals Effect of bottom sediments on the nutrient and metal concentration in macrophytes of river-lake systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Kuriata-Potasznik ◽  
Sławomir Szymczyk ◽  
Dorota Pilejczyk
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Biogenic Components ◽  
Lake Systems ◽  
Water Catchment

Water bodies of river-lake systems can act as barriers in the movement of nutrients and toxic heavy metals outside their water catchment area. These components can be suspended in the water column, deposited in bottom sediments or bioaccumulated by the vegetation in the water body. A constant exchange of substances takes place between bottom sediments and macrophytes. The composition of bottom sediments and their distribution affects the intensity of nutrients and metals assimilation by macrophytes in the river-lake systems. The aim of research was to analyse the effect of bottom sediments on the nutrients and metal content in macrophytes. It was demonstrated that tissues of plants anchored in sediments that were more abundant in nutrients had higher contents of biogenic components and heavy metals. The properties of bottom sediments, mainly their granulometric composition, but also organic matter content and pH, determine the content of biogenes and heavy metals in macrophytes to a significant extent. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that aquatic plants could affect the grain size in the sediments. Macrophytes and sediments of river-lake systems play a very important role in reducing the transport of nutrients outside the area of the system, through capturing and incorporating them into the tissues of aquatic plants.

scholarly journals Heavy metal contamination of Pleuronectiformes species from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Levent Bat ◽  
Fatih Şahin ◽  
Ayşah Öztekn
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Scophthalmus Maximus ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cu And Zn

In the Turkish Black Sea coasts fish is particularly consumed because of high protein supplies, essential amino acids, vitamin, and mineral content. Fish are exposed to contaminants such as heavy metals in polluted waters. The aims of the study are to determine heavy metals in Pleuronectiformes species from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea and determine the health risks due to the consumption of contaminated fish. Pleuronectiformes species Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) belonging to Scophthalmidae family, Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792) belonging to Bothidae family and Pegusa lascaris (Risso, 1810) belonging to Soleidae family were collected from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea in fishing season of 2016. Heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) in edible tissues were determined by ICP-MS (Agilent 7700x). The limit values given by the international and national organizations did not exceed in the muscle tissues of turbot, Mediterranean scald fish and sand sole. Overall Zn was detected in higher concentrations in all species followed by Cu, Pb, Hg and Cd. The results obtained from the analyses of the maximum levels of the metals except Hg were found in turbot. The highest Hg (0.021±0.007 µg g-1 wet wt.) was found in sand sole. However, the high amounts of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in turbot were 0.011±0.004, 0.07±0.005,1.32±0.28 and 14±3 µg g-1 wet wt., respectively. The EDIs and EWIs of the metals were estimated taking into account the mean of metal in all fish samples and the mean consumption of fish per day/week for adults. These results are normally significantly lower than the recommended values of FAO/WHO. Estimated HIs of all the considered metals were below the value of 1, therefore the metals in fish samples do not toxic any apparent threat to the population and these fishes are healthy for consumption.Keywords: Scophthalmus maximus, Arnoglossus laterna, Pegusa lascaris, heavy metals, Black Sea

scholarly journals Safety of Potato Consumption in Slovak Region Contaminated by Heavy Metals due to Previous Mining Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette Musilova ◽  
Judita Bystricka ◽  
Alena Vollmannova ◽  
Beata Janotova ◽  
Matyas Orsak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake

Heavy metals are among the most serious environmental contaminants in mining districts. Soil, as one of the main components of the environment, is the place of heavy metal entry into plants and consequently into the food chain, too. Potatoes grown in the region of Middle Spis (Slovakia) may be a source of increased content of heavy metals and pose a health risk to the consumer. The contents of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Ni) in potato and soil samples were determined using the AAS method and compared with limit values set by the Slovak Republic and the European Union. The content of heavy metals was determined in 12 potato cultivars with different length of vegetation period (mid-early, very early, and early, resp.), which were grown in three localities with a highly disturbed environment. Total contents and mobile forms of heavy metals as well as physical and chemical properties were determined in soil samples which were collected from the same sampling sites. Only Pb content in potato tubers was higher than the hygienic limit value (0.1 mg kg−1 FM) in 15 sampling sites (interval was n.d. –0.2298 mg kg−1 FM). The contents of exchangeable forms (total content) of heavy metals in soil were ranged between the intervals: Cd 0.004–0.055 (0.94–1 56), Pb 0.023–0.295 (17.00–26.80), and Ni 0.019–0.475 (30.80–71.00) mg kg−1. At current average consumption levels of potatoes, tolerable weekly intake (TWI) or tolerable daily intake (TDI) for observed heavy metals was not exceeded.

scholarly journals Regulation in Hungary of the Use of Waste Water and Sewage Sludge in Agriculture

2004 ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Imre Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
European Union ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Ecological Farming ◽  
Council Directive

Regulating the use of waste water and sewage sludge in agriculture in such a way as to prevent harmful effects on soil, vegetation, animals and man.In European Union there is a Council Directive (86/278/EEC) on the protection of the environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture.In the enlargement process of the European Union the Hungarian Government created a new rule (50/2001. (IV. 3.) Government regulation) which regulate using of waste water and sewage sludge in agriculture. This Hungarian rule is legal and reconcilable with the Council Directive.The Regulation lays down limit values for concentrations of heavy metals in the soil, in waste water, in sludge and for the maximum annual quantities of heavy metals which may be introduced into the soil.Waste water, sludge and soil on which it is used must be sampled and analysed.Sewage sludge must be treated for six months before being used in agriculture.The use of waste water and sludge prohibited on grassland, on nature reserved areas, in ecological farming, and soil in witch fruit and vegetable crops are growing, with the exception of fruit trees.The states soil conservation authority must keep records registering the following:– the quantities of waste water and sludge produced;– the composition and properties of sludge;– the type of treatment carried out;– the names and addresses of the recipients of the sludge and places where the sludge is to be used.The Government every four years must prepare a consolidated report on the use of sludge in agriculture, specifying quantities used, criteria followed and any difficulties encountered. This report must be forwarded to the Commission.Last but not least in the light of Member States reports, the Commission will if necessary submit appropriate proposals for increased protection of the soil and the environment.

Metal uptake and Fe-, Ti-oxide biomineralization by acidophilic microorganisms in mine-waste environments, Elliot Lake, Canada

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2731-2735 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mann ◽  
W. S. Fyfe
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
Acidophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Micro Organisms

Acidic effluent containing enhanced concentrations of toxic heavy metals discharges from a cumulative total of 104 ha of mine-tailings waste in Canada. Communities of acidophilic microorganisms, specifically the unicellular alga Euglena sp. and bacteria, thrive in many of the hostile, low-pH effluent environments, which are otherwise devoid of life. The micro organisms concentrate aqueous dissolved metals onto cell walls and at intracellular sites, during the life cycle, and strongly bind metals during early diagenesis. A sequence is observed in which amorphous Fe and Ti concentrated at cell walls are progressively transformed to microcrystalline aggregates of goethite, ferrihydrite, maghemite, magnetite, haematite, lepidocrocite, and ilmenite. The bioprecipitated Ti- and Fe-oxides and oxyhydroxides act as scavengers for heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, and Th. Acidophilic microorganisms play a central role in the toxic-metal budget of mine-tailings waste by efficiently sequestering aqueous metals and by promoting nucleation of oxide minerals whose inorganic formation is kinetically inhibited, thereby retarding toxic-metal dispersion into the natural environment.

scholarly journals Soil additives immobilising heavy metals in contaminated soils

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Othmar Horak ◽  
Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Availability ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Soil Additives

Addition of iron oxides, lime, clay minerals and other substances can be used to decrease the plant availability of toxic heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, and Cd. Extractability and consequently plant concentrations may be reduced in some cases by more than 50%. The assessment of remediation processes is supported by biomonitoring methods in the field with Plantago lanceolata and in the greenhouse by barley test experiments, in combination with extraction by ammonium nitrate.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Polluted Waterbodies with Aquatic plants: Recent Progress on Heavy Metal and Organic Pollutants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enyoh Christian ◽  
Isiuku Beniah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Toxic Chemicals

Heavy metals and organic pollutants are ubiquitous environmental pollutants affecting the quality of soil, water and air. Over the past 5 decades, many strategies have been developed for the remediation of polluted water. Strategies involving aquatic plant use are preferable to conventional methods. In this study, an attempt was made to provide a brief review on recent progresses in research and practical applications of phytoremediation for water resources with the following objectives: (1) to discuss the toxicity of toxic chemicals pollution in water to plant, animals and human health (2) to summarise the physicochemical factors affecting removal of toxic chemicals such as heavy metals and organic contaminants in aqueous solutions by aquatic plants; (3) to summarise and compare the removal rates of heavy metals and organic contaminants in aqueous solutions by diverse aquatic plants; and (4) to summarise chemometric models for testing aquatic plant performance. More than 20 aquatic plants specie have been used extensively while duckweed (L. minor), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water lettuce (P. stratiotes) are the most common. Overall, chemometrics for performance assessment reported include: Growth rate (GR), Growth rate inhibition (% Inhibition), Metal uptake (MU), translocation/transfer factor (TF), bioconcentration factor (BCF), Percent metal uptake (% MU), Removal capacity (RC) and Tolerance index (TI) while absorption rate have been studied using the sorption kinetics and isotherms models such as pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin. Using modeling and interpretation of adsorption isotherms for performance assessment is particularly good and increases level of accuracy obtained from adsorption processes of contaminant on plant. Conclusion was drawn by highlighting the gap in knowledge and suggesting key future areas of research for scientists and policymakers.

scholarly journals Proximate analysis and nutrient content estimation of marine fish species of saint martin’s island in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
Tanhaul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Shoeb ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam ◽  
Rafiza Islam ◽  
Md Mizanur Rhaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Saint Martin’s Island is a unique coral island in Bangladesh. Locally available fish species (both fresh and dry fish) were collected from the island to study moisture, ash, fat, protein content, fatty acid compositions and heavy metals. Fish oil was extracted from samples by solid phase dispersion method and fatty acid compositions were analyzed by GC-FID. Protein content in fresh fish samples was determined by the micro-Kjeldahl method.  Homogenized samples were digested, filtered and analyzed by AAS for determining toxic heavy metals in the fish samples. The fresh fishes appear to be a good source of dietary protein. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 44, No. 2, 191-195, 2020

scholarly journals Levels and health risk assessment of heavy metals in dried fish consumed in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Refat Jahan Rakib ◽  
Y. N. Jolly ◽  
Christian Ebere Enyoh ◽  
Mayeen Uddin Khandaker ◽  
M. Belal Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Periodic Monitoring ◽  
Dried Fish

AbstractAs a cheap source of high-quality protein, healthy fats and essential nutrients, dried fish is a common item in the daily diet of the Bangladesh populace. In this study, ten types of widely consumed dried fish (H. neherius, T. lepturu, P.chinensis, P. affinis, A. mola, P. microdon, I. megaloptera, C. dussumieri, L. calcarifer, and G. chapra) were analyzed for Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Hg, Pb, Ni and As by using an Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique. The concentration of the studied metals was found in the order Fe > Zn > Hg > Cu > Se > Cr > Mn > Co > Rb > Pb, while As and Ni were below the limit of detection. All fish species showed moderate to high pollution, where the species H. Neherius and P. Chinensis are the most and least polluted ones, respectively. The probable source of contamination is the leaching from the drying pans into the fish samples, atmospheric deposition, anthropogenic contamination, etc. of the water body where these fish were harvested. The calculated hazard index for the general population was below the maximum limiting value (i.e., < 1) except for Hg to children. The carcinogenic risk showed values lower than the acceptable limit for cancer risks (10–6 to 10–4). Periodic monitoring of trace metals in the aquatic organisms along with fish is recommended to avoid any unexpected health hazards caused by the toxic heavy metals via fish consumption.

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