Metal uptake and Fe-, Ti-oxide biomineralization by acidophilic microorganisms in mine-waste environments, Elliot Lake, Canada

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2731-2735 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mann ◽  
W. S. Fyfe
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
Acidophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Micro Organisms

Acidic effluent containing enhanced concentrations of toxic heavy metals discharges from a cumulative total of 104 ha of mine-tailings waste in Canada. Communities of acidophilic microorganisms, specifically the unicellular alga Euglena sp. and bacteria, thrive in many of the hostile, low-pH effluent environments, which are otherwise devoid of life. The micro organisms concentrate aqueous dissolved metals onto cell walls and at intracellular sites, during the life cycle, and strongly bind metals during early diagenesis. A sequence is observed in which amorphous Fe and Ti concentrated at cell walls are progressively transformed to microcrystalline aggregates of goethite, ferrihydrite, maghemite, magnetite, haematite, lepidocrocite, and ilmenite. The bioprecipitated Ti- and Fe-oxides and oxyhydroxides act as scavengers for heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, and Th. Acidophilic microorganisms play a central role in the toxic-metal budget of mine-tailings waste by efficiently sequestering aqueous metals and by promoting nucleation of oxide minerals whose inorganic formation is kinetically inhibited, thereby retarding toxic-metal dispersion into the natural environment.

Organic and metallic pollutants in water treatment and natural wetlands: a review

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Haarstad ◽  
H. J. Bavor ◽  
T. Mæhlum
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Other Substances

A literature review shows that more than 500 compounds occur in wetlands, and also that wetlands are suitable for removing these compounds. There are, however, obvious pitfalls for treatment wetlands, the most important being the maintenance of the hydraulic capacity and the detention time. Treatment wetlands should have an adapted design to target specific compounds. Aquatic plants and soils are suitable for wastewater treatment with a high capacity of removing nutrients and other substances through uptake, sorption and microbiological degradation. The heavy metals Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb were found to exceed limit values. The studies revealed high values of phenol and SO4. No samples showed concentrations in sediments exceeding limit values, but fish samples showed concentrations of Hg exceeding the limit for fish sold in the European Union (EU). The main route of metal uptake in aquatic plants was through the roots in emergent and surface floating plants, whereas in submerged plants roots and leaves take part in removing heavy metals and nutrients. Submerged rooted plants have metal uptake potential from water as well as sediments, whereas rootless plants extracted metals rapidly only from water. Caution is needed about the use of SSF CWs (subsurface flow constructed wetlands) for the treatment of metal-contaminated industrial wastewater as metals are shifted to another environmental compartment, and stable redox conditions are required to ensure long-term efficiency. Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals and wetlands have been shown to be a source of methylmercury. Methyl Hg concentrations are typically approximately 15% of Hgt (total mercury). In wetlands polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), bisphenol A, BTEX, hydrocarbons including diesel range organics, glycol, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), cyanide, benzene, chlorophenols and formaldehyde were found to exceed limit values. In sediments only PAH and PCB were found exceeding limit values. The pesticides found above limit values were atrazine, simazine, terbutylazine, metolachlor, mecoprop, endosulfan, chlorfenvinphos and diuron. There are few water quality limit values of these compounds, except for some well-known endocrine disrupters such as nonylphenol, phtalates, etc.

scholarly journals Bioremoval of Different Heavy Metals in Industrial Effluent by the Resistant Fungal Strain Aspergillus niger

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Naveen Kumar ◽  
J. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals

Developing countries are increasingly concerned with pollution due to toxic heavy metals in the environment. Unlike most organic pollutants which can be destroyed, toxic metal ions released into the environment often persist indefinitely circulating and eventually accumulating throughout the food chain thus posing a serious threat to mankind. The use of biological materials for heavy metal removal or recovery has gained importance in recent years due to their good performance and low cost. Among the various sources, both live and inactivated biomass of organisms exhibits interesting metal binding capacities. Their complex cell walls contain high content of functional groups like amino, amide, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phosphate which have been implicated in metals binding. In the present study, Aspergillus niger was used to analyze the metal uptake from an aqueous solution. The determination of Cu+2, Pb+2, Cd+2, Zn+2, Co-2 and Ni+2 in samples was carried out by differential Pulse Anodic Voltammetry (DPASV) and the Voltammograms. Production of oxalic acid was carried out by submerged fermentation. The organism used in the present study has the ideal properties to sequester toxic metals and grow faster.

scholarly journals The Activity of Cell-Wall Modifying β-1,3-Glucanases in Soybean Grown in Presence of Heavy Metals

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
Monika Bardáčová ◽  
Marína Maglovski ◽  
Zuzana Gregorová ◽  
Yevheniia Konotop ◽  
Miroslav Horník ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Soybean Variety ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Sequestration ◽  
Enzyme Isoforms ◽  
Wall Permeability ◽  
Cell Wall Permeability

AbstractCell walls represent the first barrier that can prevent the entrance of toxic heavy metals into plants. The composition and the flexibility of the cell wall are regulated by different enzymes. The ß-1,3-glucanases control the degradation of the polysaccharide callose as a flexible regulation mechanism of cell wall permeability and/or its ability to bind metals under stress conditions. The profile and activity of ß-1,3-glucanases in the presence of heavy metals, however, has rarely been studied. Here we studied these enzymes in four soybean varieties (Glycine max) grown in the presence of cadmium ions. These analyses revealed three acidic and one basic enzyme isoforms in each soybean variety, but only two of the acidic isoforms in the variety Moravians were substantially responsive to the presence of Cd2+. Since the responses of certain glucanases were detected mainly in the varieties sensitive to metal and accumulating high amounts of metals, we assume their role in the defense rather than strategic metal sequestration.

The influence of heavy metals on the production of extracellular polymer substances in the processes of heavy metal ions elimination

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mikes ◽  
M. Siglova ◽  
A. Cejkova ◽  
J. Masak ◽  
V. Jirku
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Interactions

Wastewaters from a chemical industry polluted by heavy metal ions represent a hazard for all living organisms. It can mean danger for ecosystems and human health. New methods are sought alternative to traditional chemical and physical processes. Active elimination process of heavy metals ions provided by living cells, their components and extracellular products represents a potential way of separating toxic heavy metals from industrial wastewaters. While the abilities of bacteria to remove metal ions in solution are extensively used, fungi have been recognized as a promising kind of low-cost adsorbents for removal of heavy-metal ions from aqueous waste sources. Yeasts and fungi differ from each other in their constitution and in their abilities to produce variety of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) with different mechanisms of metal interactions. The accumulation of Cd(2+), Cr(6+), Pb(2+), Ni(2+) and Zn(2+) by yeasts and their EPS was screened at twelve different yeast species in microcultivation system Bioscreen C and in the shaking Erlenmayer's flasks. This results were compared with the production of yeast EPS and the composition of yeast cell walls. The EPS production was measured during the yeast growth and cell wall composition was studied during the cultivations in the shaking flasks. At the end of the process extracellular polymers and their chemical composition were isolated and amount of bound heavy metals was characterized. The variable composition and the amount of the EPS were found at various yeast strains. It was influenced by various compositions of growth medium and also by various concentrations of heavy metals. It is evident, that the amount of bound heavy metals was different. The work reviews the possibilities of usage of various yeast EPS and components of cell walls in the elimination processes of heavy metal ions. Further the structure and properties of yeasts cell wall and EPS were discussed. The finding of mechanisms mentioned above is necessary to identify the functional groups entered in the metals elimination processes.

scholarly journals Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Cu(II) and Pb(II) Adsorption on Groundwater Treatment Sludge-Derived Manganese Dioxide for Wastewater Treatment Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3050
Author(s):  
Stephanie B. Tumampos ◽  
Benny Marie B. Ensano ◽  
Sheila Mae B. Pingul-Ong ◽  
Dennis C. Ong ◽  
Chi-Chuan Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Groundwater Treatment ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Metal Ion Removal

The ubiquitous occurrence of heavy metals in the aquatic environment remains a serious environmental and health issue. The recovery of metals from wastes and their use for the abatement of toxic heavy metals from contaminated waters appear to be practical approaches. In this study, manganese was recovered from groundwater treatment sludge via reductive acid leaching and converted into spherical aggregates of high-purity MnO2. The as-synthesized MnO2 was used to adsorb Cu(II) and Pb(II) from single-component metal solutions. High metal uptake of 119.90 mg g−1 for Cu(II) and 177.89 mg g−1 for Pb(II) was attained at initial metal ion concentration, solution pH, and temperature of 200 mg L−1, 5.0, and 25 °C, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model best described the equilibrium metal adsorption, indicating that a single layer of Cu(II) or Pb(II) was formed on the surface of the MnO2 adsorbent. The pseudo-second-order model adequately fit the Cu(II) and Pb(II) kinetic data confirming that chemisorption was the rate-limiting step. Thermodynamic studies revealed that Cu(II) or Pb(II) adsorption onto MnO2 was spontaneous, endothermic, and had increased randomness. Overall, the use of MnO2 prepared from groundwater treatment sludge is an effective, economical, and environmentally sustainable substitute to expensive reagents for toxic metal ion removal from water matrices.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Toxic Heavy Metals Cr (VI) from Tannery Effluent using Micro-Organisms: Biotechnological Potential

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Madhu Prakash Srivastava ◽  
Nupur Srivastava ◽  
Neeta Sharma ◽  
Yogesh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metals Pollution ◽  
Micro Organisms

Increased industrialization and human activities have impacted on the environment through disposal waste containing heavy metals. Heavy metals pollution of agricultural soil has been mainly due to the disposal of industrial wastewater, sewage and sewage sludge to agricultural land. Conventional methods for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions are not economically and environmental friendly because it has produced massive quantity of toxic chemical compounds. Naturally fungi have a large variety of extracellular proteins, organic acids and other metabolites. Fungi can adapt in any ecosystems and any environmental conditions Interest in processes involving heavy metal uptake by microorganisms has increased considerably in recent years due to the biotechnological potential of micro-organisms in removing and/or recovery of metals.

Immobilized biofilms on granular activated carbon for removal and accumulation of heavy metals from contaminated streams

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Scott ◽  
A. M. Karanjkar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Dump Site ◽  
Contaminated Streams

Biofilms consisting of a matrix of exopolysaccharide and microorganisms developed over granular activated carbon (GAC) enhance metal uptake from solution several times more than that achieved by GAC alone. By specifically employing GAC, there is also the opportunity of developing biofilm/GAC systems that can both entrap metals and also adsorb, and ultimately degrade, polluting organic residues such as pesticides. Targets for this type of process could be dump site leachates, mine tailings and other industrial wastes. The conditions under which the biofilm is developed, including pH and temperature have, therefore, been studied in terms of subsequent influence on metal bisorption.

Using Microorganisms to Facilitate Phytoremediation in Mine Tailings with Multi Heavy Metals

2015 ◽  
Vol 1094 ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Feng Cao ◽  
Li Ping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Soil And Water Contamination ◽  
Plant Biomass Production

During mining activities, a large amount of wastes in the form of mine tailings were discharged, leading to a global problem in soil and water contamination. Phytoremediation was considered to be a potential method for remediation of mine wastes as vegetation can promote remediation for sustainable development of mine waste sites. Recently, studies were conducted to utilize microorganisms such as plant growth-promoting bacteria, or filamentous fungi to facilitate phytoremediation by increasing the plant biomass production, bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs), enhancing the plant uptake of HMs or reduce toxicity of HMs to plants. Some species of microorganisms can be beneficial to phytoremediation in the mine tailings contaminated with HMs.

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION IN COCONUT WATER

1970 ◽  
pp. 07-10
Author(s):  
MdDidarul Islam, Ashiqur Rahaman, Aboni Afrose
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Wet Ashing ◽  
Aas Method

This study was based on determining concentration of essential and toxic heavy metal in coconut water available at a local Hazaribagh area in Dhaka, Bangladesh. All essential minerals, if present in the drinking water at high concentration or very low concentration, it has negative actions. In this study, fifteen samples and eight heavy metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method which was followed by wet ashing digestion method. The concentration obtained in mg/l were in the range of 0.3 to 1.5, 7.77 to 21.2, 0 to 0.71, 0 to 0.9, 0 to 0.2, 0.9 to 17.3, 0.1 to 0.9, 0 to 0.9 and 0 to 0.7 for Fe, Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Pb and Se respectively. From this data it was concluded that any toxic heavy metals like Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni exceed their toxicity level and some essential nutrients were in low concentration in those samples. 

Assessment of micro and macro nutrients in poultry feeds available in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Md Didarul Islam ◽  
Ashiqur Rahaman ◽  
Fahmida Jannat
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Macro Nutrients

This study was based on to determine the concentration of macro and micro nutrients as well as toxic and nontoxic heavy metals present in the chicken feed available in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. All macro nutrients, if present in the feed at high concentration have some adverse effect, at the same time if this nutrient present in the feed at low concentration this have some adverse effect too. So that this nutrient level should be maintained at a marginal level. On the other side toxic heavy metals if present in the feed at very low concentration those can contaminate the total environment of the ecosystem. In this study six brand samples (starter, grower, finisher and layer) which was collected from different renowned chicken feed formulation industry in Bangladesh. Those samples were prepared for analysis by wet ashing and then metals were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. It was found that 27.7 to 68.4, 57.3 to 121.9, 0.21 to 4.1, 0.32 to 2.1, 0.11 to 1.58, 0.28 to 2.11 and 0.28 to 1.78 for zinc, iron, copper, mercury, cadmium, nickel and cobalt respectively. It was found that essential macro and micro nutrients were present in the feed in low concentration on the other side mercury was present in high concentration in the feed samples.

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