Full scale membrane bioreactor treatment of hospital wastewater as forerunner for hot-spot wastewater treatment solutions in high density urban areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Beier ◽  
C. Cramer ◽  
S. Köster ◽  
C. Mauer ◽  
L. Palmowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
High Density ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Hospital Wastewaters

Membrane Bioreactors (MBR) are a very attractive option for the treatment of hospital wastewater and elimination of pharmaceuticals in high density urban areas. The present investigation showed that, depending on the substance, between 19% and 94% of the level of antibiotics found in the environment originate from hospitals. Because of their ecotoxic potential, hospital wastewaters can have a significant impact on the environment. The segregation of these wastewaters and their separate treatment at the source can reduce the entry of drugs in waterways and enable water reuse after adequate polishing treatment processes.

scholarly journals Removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals and microbial indicators by a decentralised membrane bioreactor for water reuse

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Trinh ◽  
B. van den Akker ◽  
H. M. Coleman ◽  
R. M. Stuetz ◽  
P. Le-Clech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Log10 Reduction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Microbial Indicators ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Small Footprint

Submerged membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have attracted a significant amount of interest for decentralised treatment systems due to their small footprint and ability to produce high quality effluent, which is favourable for water reuse applications. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the capacity of a full-scale decentralised MBR to eliminate 17 endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and five indigenous microbial indicators. The results show that the MBR consistently achieved high removal of EDCs (>86.5%). Only 2 of the 17 EDCs were detected in the MBR permeate, namely two-phenylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol. Measured log10 reduction values of vegetative bacterial indicators were in the range of 5–5.3 log10 units, and for clostridia, they were marginally lower at 4.6 log10 units. Removal of bacteriophage was in excess of 4.9 log10 units. This research shows that MBRs are a promising technology for decentralised water reuse applications.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FLUX CONDITION ON POLLUTANTS REMOVAL OF SPONGE MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR TREATING HOSPITAL WASTEWATER

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4C) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Dang Bao Trong
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Polyester Urethane ◽  
Fouling Control ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Pollutants Removal ◽  
Available Technology

Nowadays, membrane bioreactor (MBR) is an advanced available technology for wastewater treatment due to technical innovations and cost reduction. Especially, the high biomass concentration and long sludge retention time are favourable for the biodegradation of organic pollutants and nitrification. This research aims to study on the treatment performance of two lab-scale submerged membrane bioreactors treating hospital wastewater. One was operated at low fluxes (2, 4, 6 LMH) and the other at higher fluxes (10, 15, 20 LMH). Polyester-urethane cube sponge media (20 % v/v) was added into both reactors for fouling control and simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND). The results showed that organic removal efficiencies were improved with an increase in flux. The removal efficiencies of COD and total nitrogen were 85-89 % and 26-42 % at low fluxes and 96-97 %, 53-65 % at higher fluxes, respectively. The treated water quality complied with Vietnam National Technical Regulation on health care wastewater, class A.

scholarly journals Hospital wastewater effluent: hot spot for antibiotic resistant bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urška Rozman ◽  
Darja Duh ◽  
Mojca Cimerman ◽  
Sonja Šostar Turk
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Hospital Wastewaters

Abstract Hospital wastewaters are highly complex effluents acting as a hotspot for antibiotic resistant bacteria. Especially, Gram-negative bacteria bearing multiple antibiotic resistant genes are increasingly found in hospital wastewaters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital wastewaters from one Slovenian and two Austrian hospitals, as well as the occurrence of antibiotic resistant genes encoding for VIM, KPC, NDM, CTXM and OXA beta-lactamases in isolates from hospital wastewater. The results indicated high levels of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae in ranges up to 107 cfu/mL. Carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae and OXA 48-type CPE were present in ranges up to 105 cfu/mL. Out of 89 multiplied polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons, only 36 were positive for different β-lactamase gene families, among those only three isolates were identified as multiresistant. The dominant ESBL family was CTXM in 19 different isolates. This was followed by 10 OXA-48 positive isolates and 10 VIM positive isolates. KPC or NDM carbapenemases were not identified with PCR screening of the isolates. Hospital wastewaters serve as a reservoir for nearly all clinically important antibiotic resistances. The importance of evaluating such potential environmental reservoirs is especially evident when outbreak cases could not be linked to an epidemiological source.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Micropollutants Treatment by Coupling Nanofiltration and Electrochemical Oxidation: Case of Hospital Wastewater

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yandi Lan ◽  
Clemence Coetsier ◽  
Christel Causserand ◽  
Karine Groenen Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Boron Doped

Abstract In spite of good performances of the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process, permeate from it can still contain refractory pollutants that have to be removed before water reuse or discharge. The present study is an attempt to combine the advantages of two well-known technologies, which are nanofiltration (NF) and electrochemical oxidation (EO) to treat MBR effluent from hospital wastewater. The concept is based on a preconcentration of micropollutants with a reduction of the wastewater volume by NF and treatment of the NF retentate by oxidation. During filtration process the rejection of ciprofloxacin, as a target molecule, reached beyond 97%. Then the NF retentate was treated by EO using a boron-doped diamond anode (BDD). Galvanostatic electrolyses showed that this anode is efficient to mineralize not only ciprofloxacin but also all the micropollutants and organics contained in MBR effluent. The results demonstrated that rapid mineralization occurred: the removal of total organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reached 97% and 100%, respectively, in our conditions in 300 min maximum. The specific energy consumption for the total removal of COD was calculated to be 50 kW h kg˗1 COD.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Emerging Pharmaceuticals from Domestic Wastewater by Membrane Bioreactor: The Effect of Solid Retention Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3395
Author(s):  
Raghad Asad Kadhim ALOBAIDI ◽  
Kubra ULUCAN-ALTUNTAS ◽  
Rasha Khalid Sabri MHEMID ◽  
Neslihan MANAV-DEMIR ◽  
Ozer CINAR
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Solid Retention Time ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
By Products

Although conventional biological treatment plants can remove basic pollutants, they are ineffective at removing recalcitrant pollutants. Membrane bioreactors contain promising technology and have the advantages of better effluent quality and lower sludge production compared to those of conventional biological treatment processes. In this study, the removal of pharmaceutical compounds by membrane bioreactors under different solid retention times (SRTs) was investigated. To study the effect of SRT on the removal of emerging pharmaceuticals, the levels of pharmaceuticals were measured over 96 days for the following retention times: 20, 30, and 40-day SRT. It was found that the 40-day SRT had the optimum performance in terms of the pharmaceuticals’ elimination. The removal efficiencies of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) for each selected SRT were higher than 96% at steady-state conditions. The highest degradation efficiency was observed for paracetamol. Paracetamol was the most removed compound followed by ranitidine, atenolol, bezafibrate, diclofenac, and carbamazepine. The microbial community at the phylum level was also analyzed to understand the biodegradability of pharmaceuticals. It was noticed that the Proteobacteria phylum increased from 46.8% to 60.0% after 96 days with the pharmaceuticals. The Actinobacteria class, which can metabolize paracetamol, carbamazepine, and atenolol, was also increased from 9.1% to 17.9% after adding pharmaceuticals. The by-products of diclofenac, bezafibrate, and carbamazepine were observed in the effluent samples.

Continuous and sequencing membrane bioreactors applied to food industry effluent treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lobos ◽  
C. Wisniewski ◽  
M. Heran ◽  
A. Grasmick
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Industry Effluent ◽  
Sludge Production

This work focuses on the performances of two immersed membrane bioreactors used for the treatment of easily biodegradable organic matter present in food industry effluents, for the purpose of water reuse. Two reactor functioning modes (continuous and sequencing) were compared in terms of organic carbon removal and of membrane permeability. For each working mode, pollutant removal was very high, treated water quality presented a low COD concentration (<125 mg.L−1), no solids in suspension and low turbidity (<0.5 NTU). The quality of the treated water (including germ removal) enabled its reuse on site. Moreover, by developing high biomass concentrations in the reactor, excess sludge production remained very low (<0.1 gVSS.gCOD−1). The performances appeared slightly better for the continuous system (lower COD concentration in the effluent, <50 mg.L−1, and lower sludge production). In terms of filtration, a distinct difference was observed between continuous and sequencing systems; transmembrane pressure showed a small and constant evolution rate in continuous membrane bioreactor (CMBR) although it appeared more difficult to control in sequencing membrane bioreactor (SMBR) probably due to punctually higher permeate flow rate and modified suspension properties. The rapid evolution of membrane permeability observed in SMBR was such that more frequent chemical cleaning of the membrane system was required.

Predictive Model of Rainfall-Induced Landslides in High-Density Urban Areas of the South Primorsky Region (Russia)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Stepnova ◽  
A. A. Stepnov ◽  
A. V. Konovalov ◽  
Yu. V. Gensiorovskiy ◽  
V. A. Lobkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Density ◽  
The South

scholarly journals A Quantitative Method for Evaluation of Visual Privacy in Residential Environments

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
He Zheng ◽  
Bo Wu ◽  
Heyi Wei ◽  
Jinbiao Yan ◽  
Jianfeng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
High Density ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Visual Exposure ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Visual Privacy ◽  
Building Level

With the rapid expansion of high-rise and high-density buildings in urban areas, visual privacy has become one of the major concerns affecting human environmental quality. Evaluation of residents’ visual exposure to outsiders has attracted more attention in the past decades. This paper presents a quantitative indicator; namely, the Potential Visual Exposure Index (PVEI), to assess visual privacy by introducing the damage of potential visual incursion from public spaces and neighborhoods in high-density residences. The method for computing the PVEI mainly consists of three steps: extracting targets and potential observers in a built environment, conducting intervisibility analysis and identifying visible sightlines, and integrating sightlines from building level and ground level to compute the PVEI value of each building opening. To validate the proposed PVEI, a case study with a sample building located at the center of Kowloon, Hong Kong, was evaluated. The results were in accordance with the common-sense notion that lower floors are subjected to poor visual privacy, and privacy is relatively well-preserved in upper floors in a building. However, residents of middle floors may suffer the worst circumstances with respect to visual privacy. The PVEI can be a useful indicator to assess visual privacy and can provide valuable information in architectural design, hotel room selection, and building management.

Wetland Roofs as an Attractive Option for Decentralized Water Management and Air Conditioning Enhancement in Growing Cities—A Review

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1845
Author(s):  
Andreas Zehnsdorf ◽  
Keani C. U. Willebrand ◽  
Ralf Trabitzsch ◽  
Sarah Knechtel ◽  
Michael Blumberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Climate Regulation ◽  
Decentralized Treatment ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Stormwater Retention ◽  
Positive Side Effects

While constructed wetlands have become established for the decentralized treatment of wastewater and rainwater, wetland roofs have only been built in isolated cases up to now. The historical development of wetland roofs is described here on the basis of a survey of literature and patents, and the increasing interest in this ecotechnology around the world is presented. In particular, this article describes the potential for using wetland roofs and examines experience with applications in decentralized water management in urban environments and for climate regulation in buildings. Wetland roofs are suitable as a green-blue technology for the future—particularly in cities with an acute shortage of unoccupied ground-level sites—for the decentralized treatment of wastewater streams of various origins. Positive “side effects” such as nearly complete stormwater retention and the improvement of climates in buildings and their surroundings, coupled with an increase in biodiversity, make wetland roofs an ideal multi-functional technology for urban areas.

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