scholarly journals Hospital wastewater effluent: hot spot for antibiotic resistant bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urška Rozman ◽  
Darja Duh ◽  
Mojca Cimerman ◽  
Sonja Šostar Turk
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Hospital Wastewaters

Abstract Hospital wastewaters are highly complex effluents acting as a hotspot for antibiotic resistant bacteria. Especially, Gram-negative bacteria bearing multiple antibiotic resistant genes are increasingly found in hospital wastewaters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital wastewaters from one Slovenian and two Austrian hospitals, as well as the occurrence of antibiotic resistant genes encoding for VIM, KPC, NDM, CTXM and OXA beta-lactamases in isolates from hospital wastewater. The results indicated high levels of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae in ranges up to 107 cfu/mL. Carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae and OXA 48-type CPE were present in ranges up to 105 cfu/mL. Out of 89 multiplied polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons, only 36 were positive for different β-lactamase gene families, among those only three isolates were identified as multiresistant. The dominant ESBL family was CTXM in 19 different isolates. This was followed by 10 OXA-48 positive isolates and 10 VIM positive isolates. KPC or NDM carbapenemases were not identified with PCR screening of the isolates. Hospital wastewaters serve as a reservoir for nearly all clinically important antibiotic resistances. The importance of evaluating such potential environmental reservoirs is especially evident when outbreak cases could not be linked to an epidemiological source.

scholarly journals Current methods for inhibiting antibiotic resistant bacteria by targeting bacterial cell metabolism and disrupting antibiotic elimination through the AcrAB-Tolc efflux pump

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs

Bacteria have a complex and lengthy evolutionary history of antibiotic resistance. For millions of years, bacteria have evolved a gene pool filled with multiple drug resistant genes. However, for the past 50 years, bacteria have been mutating and evolving vigorously and rapidly. Those 50 years predate to the time of the first use of antibiotic drugs in the 1940s. Since the 1940s, with the wide-spread use of the first antibiotic, penicillin, bacteria have effectively developed resistance to multiple antibiotic drugs. Bacteria develop antibiotic resistance after acquiring antibiotic resistant genes from conjugation and a horizontal transfer of those genes. Bacteria also have innate properties, structure, and functions that can increase their resistance of antibiotics. Bacteria cells can mutate its genes and block the binding of antibiotic drugs to its DNA. If the bacteria effectively impede the activity of an antibiotic through a DNA mutation, then the same mutation is shared with other bacterial cell strains through horizontal transfer. Antibiotics can be expelled from bacteria cells by efflux pumps called AcrBC-Tolc channels from the resistance-nodulation division (RND) family. Targeting the cell metabolism or the expression of efflux pumps may deter or impede the proliferation of antibiotic resistance. Researchers cultured E. tarda with glucose and alanine, and the uptake of kanamycin increased, eliminating approximately 3,000 times the amount of MDR bacterial cells compared to the cells only treated with kanamycin. Another researcher named Dr. Li mutated a gene of the AcrAB-Tolc binding site, forming a replacement for the highly non-polar phenylalanine amino acid residue with an alanine. His mutagenesis of the efflux pumps binding sites for AcrAB-Tolc inhibited the exit of antibiotics through the AcrAB-Tolc efflux pumps. Therefore, the review serves to discuss the new, novel, and current methods for reducing the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria by targeting bacterial cell metabolism and its antibiotic resistant genes.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance and prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from hospital wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Ranjbar ◽  
Maryam Zeynali ◽  
Nooshin Sohrabi ◽  
Asghar Ali Kamboh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Hospital Wastewaters

BACKGROUND <br />Hospital wastewaters may contain antibiotic resistant bacteria such as Escherichia coli. These E. coli harbor integron genes that are responsible for antibiotic resistance. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the frequency of class 1 and 2 integrons in environmental antibiotic resistant E. coli strains isolated from the hospital wastewaters in Tehran, Iran.<br /><br />METHODS<br />As a descriptive cross-sectional study, this research was performed from April to September 2015 on hospital wastewaters in Tehran. Bacterial isolation and identification was performed by standard biochemical and bacteriological procedures. Susceptibility testing was done by employing the disk diffusion method using different antibiotics. Total DNAs were extracted to evaluate the presence of class 1 and 2 integrons by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with specific primers. <br /><br />RESULTS<br />Fifty E. coli strains were isolated and identified from the wastewaters of 25 hospitals in Tehran. The phenotype results showed that 46 isolates (92%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 27 isolates (54%) were multidrug resistant. PCR showed that 35 (70%) and 20 (40%) of the isolates had class 1 and 2 integrons respectively and 14 isolates (28%) had both class 1 and class 2 integrons.<br /><br />CONCLUSION<br />This study has shown a considerable presence of class 1 and class 2 integrons in E. coli strains isolated from hospital wastewaters in Tehran. Proper antibiotics prescription and appropriate hospital wastewater treatment can prevent resistance genes in E. coli from circulating in the environment.

scholarly journals The role of Hospital Wastewaters in Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and Resistance Genes to the Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248
Author(s):  
Rahim Aali ◽  
Mahnaz Nikaeen ◽  
Maryam Hatamzadeh ◽  
Malihe Moazeni ◽  
Hossain Khanahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Hospital Wastewaters
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