Fate of oestrogens during anaerobic blackwater treatment with micro-aerobic post-treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.Z.D. de Mes ◽  
K. Kujawa-Roeleveld ◽  
G. Zeeman ◽  
G. Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Total Concentration ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Final Effluent ◽  
Sulphate Conjugate

The fate of oestrone (E1), 17β-oestradiol (E2) and 17α-ethynyloestradiol (EE2) was investigated in a concentrated blackwater treatment system consisting of an UASB septic tank, with micro-aerobic post-treatment. In UASB septic tank effluent a (natural) total concentration of 4.02 μg/L E1 and 18.69 μg/L E2, comprising the sum of conjugated (>70% for E1 and >80% for E2) and unconjugated forms, was measured. During post-treatment the unconjugated oestrogens were removed to below 1 μg/L. A percentage of 77% of the measured unconjugated E1 and 82% of E2 was associated with particles >1.2 μm in the final effluent implying high sorption affinity of both compounds. When spiking the UASB septic tank effluent with E1, E2, EE2 and the sulphate conjugate of E2, removal in the micro-aerobic post-treatment was >99% for both E2 and EE2 and 83% for E1. The lower removal value for E1 was a result of (slow) deconjugation during the treatment, and in the final effluent still 40% of E1 and 99% of E2 was present in conjugated form. The latter was the result of incomplete deconjugation of the spiked E2(3S) in the post-treatment system.

The design, operation and performance of a municipal hybrid reed bed treatment system

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O'Hogain
Keyword(s):  
Treatment System ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Monitoring Study ◽  
Pump Sump ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Final Effluent

The first Irish municipal application of a hybrid reed bed treatment system (RBTS) was designed and constructed at Colecott, County Dublin. The hybrid design for Colecott RBTS was based on modifications to the Max Planck Institute Process (MPIP). The constituent parts of the design were a septic tank, a pump sump, two stage vertical flow beds, a secondary settlement tank, a horizontal reed bed, an outlet chamber and outfall pipe. The population at the time of design was 48, but with future development in mind 60 was used as the population equivalent (pe). Construction and operational characteristics are outlined. Results of a two year monitoring study are presented, showing good performance and producing a final effluent with 88% BOD removal, 89% COD removal and 99% SS removal. Percentile compliance with EU discharge standards were BOD 60%, COD 100%, SS 100% with 50% for nitrogen and 0% for PO4. Surface water input increased flows to twice the average, resulting in increased maintenance visits without affecting results. The ability to deal with the excess inflow is demonstrated by the system. The method of distribution to the primary vertical beds was satisfactory while that on the secondary vertical beds was not.

Application of nano-silver coated granular activated carbon for inactivation of septic tank effluent

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-637
Author(s):  
Thammarat Koottatep ◽  
Saroj Kumar Chapagain ◽  
Jaruwat Watanatanachart ◽  
Chongrak Polprasert
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Pathogen Inactivation ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Nano Silver ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

On-site sanitation systems such as cesspools and septic tanks are widely used in most developing countries. These systems primarily aim to collect and treat toilet wastewater or blackwater. Although septic tanks are commonly used in non-sewered areas, their effluents are still rich in pathogens and other pollutants. The practice of direct discharge of septic tank effluents into the surrounding environment in the absence of proper treatment has increased health risks. In order to reduce this problem, a post-treatment unit consisting of nano-silver coated granular activated carbon (NS-GAC) has been developed. The study results revealed that the inactivation efficiency of the NS-GAC unit increased with increasing hydraulic retention times (HRT) from 10, 20 and 30 minutes; however, for economy of scale, the NS-GAC unit could be operated at the 10 minutes HRT to achieve complete removal of Escherichia coli bacteria. The study showed a high feasibility of utilizing the NS-GAC media as a post-treatment unit for pathogen inactivation of septic tank effluent.

scholarly journals Woven-Fiber Microfiltration (WFMF) and Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes (UV LEDs) for Treating Wastewater and Septic Tank Effluent

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1564
Author(s):  
Sara Beck ◽  
Poonyanooch Suwan ◽  
Thusitha Rathnayeke ◽  
Thi Nguyen ◽  
Victor Huanambal-Sovero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Photochemical Process ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Decentralized wastewater treatment systems enable wastewater to be treated at the source for cleaner discharge into the environment, protecting public health while allowing for reuse for agricultural and other purposes. This study, conducted in Thailand, investigated a decentralized wastewater treatment system incorporating a physical and photochemical process. Domestic wastewater from a university campus and conventional septic tank effluent from a small community were filtered through a woven-fiber microfiltration (WFMF) membrane as pretreatment for ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. In domestic wastewater, WFMF reduced TSS (by 79.8%), turbidity (76.5%), COD (38.5%), and NO3 (41.4%), meeting Thailand irrigation standards for every parameter except BOD. In septic tank effluent, it did not meet Thailand irrigation standards, but reduced TSS (by 77.9%), COD (37.6%), and TKN (13.5%). Bacteria (total coliform and Escherichia coli) and viruses (MS2 bacteriophage) passing through the membrane were disinfected by flow-through UV reactors containing either a low-pressure mercury lamp or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting an average peak wavelength of 276 nm. Despite challenging and variable water quality conditions (2% < UVT < 88%), disinfection was predictable across water types and flow rates for both UV sources using combined variable modeling, which enabled us to estimate log inactivation of other microorganisms. Following UV disinfection, wastewater quality met the WHO standards for unrestricted irrigation.

scholarly journals Microbial Diversity of Septic Tank Effluent and a Soil Biomat

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 3348-3351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Tomaras ◽  
Jason W. Sahl ◽  
Robert L. Siegrist ◽  
John R. Spear
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Site Water ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

ABSTRACT Microbial diversity of septic tank effluent (STE) and the biomat that is formed as a result of STE infiltration on soil were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Results indicate that microbial communities are different within control soil, STE, and the biomat and that microbes found in STE are not found in the biomat. The development of a stable soil biomat appears to provide the best on-site water treatment or protection for subsequent groundwater interactions of STE.

Septic Tank Effluent Treatment Using Laboratory-Scale Peat Filters

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N. Coleman ◽  
I.D. Gaudet
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Upward Flow ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Flow Treatment ◽  
Coarse Gravel ◽  
Bod Removal

Abstract Filter columns were designed, constructed from sand, peat and coarse gravel, and their effectiveness assessed in the treatment of septic tank effluent. An initial loading rate of 4 cm/d was applied to the filter columns in either a downward or upward flow at a temperature of 10°C or 20°C. The loading rate was later increased to 8 cm/d. Filter-column plugging occurred in the downward flow treatment but not in the upward flow treatment. Fecal Coliform removal was usually greater than 95%, BOD removal was greater than 75%, and various removal levels were exhibited for other components. Microbial colonization of peat and gravel was effective as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.

High Performance and N & P-Removable On-Site Domestic Waste Water Treatment System by Multi-Soil-Layering Method

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wakatsuki ◽  
H. Esumi ◽  
S. Omura
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Water Treatment System ◽  
Soil Layering

Multi-Soil-Layering (MSL) method was applied to make appropriate, but high performance and N & P-removable, on-site domestic waste water treatment system. The MSL soil unit is composed from soil layer mixed with 10∼25% of metal iron and pelletized jute. The MSL units were piled in a brick pattern at 5cm vertical and 10cm horizontal distance, which were surrounded by layers of Zeolite. Air can be supplied through porous pipes installed at adequate depths of the MSL system. The systems were tested using model houses. The waste waters, which were pretreated by septic tank to the level of SS 29-75, BOD 42-116, COD 32-56, T-N 29-86, and T-P 6-11 mg−l−1 respectively, could be treated at the rate of 100-850 1·m−2·d−1 without significant clogging. The mean concentrations of treated waters were SS 15, BOD 8.7, COD 11, T-N 6.8, and T-P 0.86 mg·1−1 respectively. Zeolite layers and brick pattern prevent clogging. Metal iron and jute pellets were effective to remove Phosphate and Nitrate. Intensive aeration assists decomposition of BOD, COD, and SS as well as nitrification, but decreases denitrif ication and phosphate fixation. The degree of purification could be controlled by setting adequate aeration.

Improvement of septic tank effluent and green coverage by shallow bed wetland roof system

2017 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo ◽  
Thi-Bich-Ngoc Do ◽  
Xuan-Thanh Bui ◽  
Van-Truc Nguyen ◽  
Dinh-Duc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Tank ◽  
Roof System ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent
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