The design, operation and performance of a municipal hybrid reed bed treatment system

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O'Hogain
Keyword(s):  
Treatment System ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Monitoring Study ◽  
Pump Sump ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Final Effluent

The first Irish municipal application of a hybrid reed bed treatment system (RBTS) was designed and constructed at Colecott, County Dublin. The hybrid design for Colecott RBTS was based on modifications to the Max Planck Institute Process (MPIP). The constituent parts of the design were a septic tank, a pump sump, two stage vertical flow beds, a secondary settlement tank, a horizontal reed bed, an outlet chamber and outfall pipe. The population at the time of design was 48, but with future development in mind 60 was used as the population equivalent (pe). Construction and operational characteristics are outlined. Results of a two year monitoring study are presented, showing good performance and producing a final effluent with 88% BOD removal, 89% COD removal and 99% SS removal. Percentile compliance with EU discharge standards were BOD 60%, COD 100%, SS 100% with 50% for nitrogen and 0% for PO4. Surface water input increased flows to twice the average, resulting in increased maintenance visits without affecting results. The ability to deal with the excess inflow is demonstrated by the system. The method of distribution to the primary vertical beds was satisfactory while that on the secondary vertical beds was not.

The design and performance of a nitrifying vertical-flow reed bed treatment system

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cooper ◽  
Mark Smith ◽  
Henrietta Maynard
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Biological Filter ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

The paper describes the design, construction and the monitoring of a vertical-flow Reed Bed Treatment System (RBTS) which achieves tertiary nitrification of the effluent from a biological filter, treating the sewage flow from a population of about 200 people. It treats the flows from toilets, kitchen laboratories and a saline wastewater. The RBTS system takes effluent from an old biological filter and produces a nitrified effluent from a two-stage intermittently-dosed system. The paper shows the long-term performance of the system over a 4 year period and also describes experiments to assess the nitrification performance using a step-feed of ammonium nitrate solution. The system shows a removal of 8-13 g NH4-N/m3 of bed day. The design basis is shown and the operational features described.

Fate of oestrogens during anaerobic blackwater treatment with micro-aerobic post-treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.Z.D. de Mes ◽  
K. Kujawa-Roeleveld ◽  
G. Zeeman ◽  
G. Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Total Concentration ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Final Effluent ◽  
Sulphate Conjugate

The fate of oestrone (E1), 17β-oestradiol (E2) and 17α-ethynyloestradiol (EE2) was investigated in a concentrated blackwater treatment system consisting of an UASB septic tank, with micro-aerobic post-treatment. In UASB septic tank effluent a (natural) total concentration of 4.02 μg/L E1 and 18.69 μg/L E2, comprising the sum of conjugated (>70% for E1 and >80% for E2) and unconjugated forms, was measured. During post-treatment the unconjugated oestrogens were removed to below 1 μg/L. A percentage of 77% of the measured unconjugated E1 and 82% of E2 was associated with particles >1.2 μm in the final effluent implying high sorption affinity of both compounds. When spiking the UASB septic tank effluent with E1, E2, EE2 and the sulphate conjugate of E2, removal in the micro-aerobic post-treatment was >99% for both E2 and EE2 and 83% for E1. The lower removal value for E1 was a result of (slow) deconjugation during the treatment, and in the final effluent still 40% of E1 and 99% of E2 was present in conjugated form. The latter was the result of incomplete deconjugation of the spiked E2(3S) in the post-treatment system.

Design of a Hybrid Reed Bed System to Achieve Complete Nitrification and Denitrification of Domestic Sewage

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cooper ◽  
Paul Griffin ◽  
Stuart Humphries ◽  
Adrian Pound
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Total N ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Flow Systems ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sludge Drying ◽  
Complete Nitrification

The design of vertical-flow (VF) reed beds is reviewed and the performance of the few worldwide existing hybrid systems, combining both horizontal- and vertical-flow beds, is assessed. Horizontal-flow (HF) beds are good for suspended solids removal and will remove BOD5 up to a set loading. Vertical-flow beds can achieve BOD5 removal at much higher loading rates and they are capable of complete nitrification as tertiary or secondary treatment systems. It is possible to achieve biological denitrification in horizontal-flow beds. By combining horizontal- and vertical-flow systems in the appropriate process sequence it is thus possible to produce a system which removes BOD5, TSS and achieves complete nitrification as well as substantial removal of nitrate and hence a lowered Total N. The paper discusses the possible process options for combining horizontal- and vertical-flow systems. One example of these systems will be described in more detail. This is a flexible hybrid system being built by Severn Trent Water. Designed to treat the flow for a small village with a population of 129 it will have vertical-flow beds followed by horizontal-flow beds. The design allows for flexibility such that the size of the vertical-flow and horizontal-flow stages can be altered (for experimental purposes) to allow the design arrangement to be stressed and performance evaluated with the intention of defining the optimum loading rates for each of the stages. The same site also has sludge drying reed beds for treating the primary sludge.

Innovative conception and performance evaluation of a compact on-site treatment system

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
V.P. Sousa ◽  
C.A.L. Chernicharo
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Hybrid Reactor ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Intermittent Feeding ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor ◽  
And Performance

The purpose of this study was to develop a new configuration for a compact on-site treatment system, which could become an attractive alternative, from technical, economic, social and environmental viewpoints, to the technologies that are currently employed. The treatment unit consists of a cylindrical tank, where half of the volume is used as a modified septic tank and the other half is divided between an anaerobic hybrid reactor and a trickling filter. An intermittent feeding system was used, with minimum, mean and maximum flowrate settings (Qmin=0.25 l.s−1, Qmean=0.50 l.s−1 and Qmax=1.00 l.s−1), to reflect the actual operating conditions of a compact on-site treatment system serving a typical dwelling. An average 24-hour hydraulic detention time was used, corresponding to a flowrate of 750 l.d−1. High removal efficiencies and low concentrations of COD, BOD and TSS in the final effluent were achieved, even when the unit was exposed to hydraulic loading peaks during feeding periods at maximum flowrate.

A Review of the Design and Performance of Vertical-flow and Hybrid Reed Bed Treatment Systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Oxygen Transfer Capacity

The paper reviews the different options for the combination of vertical- and horizontal-flow beds used in hybrid reed bed/wetland systems. The design and performance of these systems are briefly described. The importance of the oxygen transfer capacity of the different arrangements to their performance and their size is discussed. Alternative methods for denitrification are briefly described.

The design and performance of a vertical flow reed bed for the treatment of high ammonia, low suspended solids organic effluents

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Morris ◽  
Robert Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Influent Concentration ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Processing Wastes ◽  
Coarse Substrate ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
And Performance

A design approach for vertical flow constructed wetlands based on selection of not only bed size, but also substrate characteristics, configuration, plant species/variety and management is piloted in a trial system to treat sugar beet processing wastes. In the beet processing season these wastes are hot, low in suspended solids and relatively high in ammoniacal nitrogen. The pilot system consists of a small, coarse substrate first stage followed by a larger, fine substrate second stage. Results in the beet processing season show 87.3% COD removal, 87.7% TSS removal and a 79.5% reduction in ammoniacal nitrogen. Treating larger volumes of cooler stored wastes out of season, the mean removal efficiencies were 73.9% for COD, 88.0% for TSS and 93.4% for ammoniacal nitrogen. TSS removal m−2 was found to be independent of influent concentration and temperature, whilst COD removal m−2 was found to be independent of temperature, but not influent concentration. Removal of ammoniacal nitrogen appeared to be dependent upon influent concentration and, in particular, upon temperature. Infiltration rates were shown to be negatively correlated to length of dosing cycle. Simple models of substrate permeability based on substrate particle size distribution are seen to be inadequate for describing infiltration rates in vertical downflow systems, even those treating low strength wastes.

scholarly journals Use of simulation model for measurement of MilkRun system performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Fedorko ◽  
Martin Vasil ◽  
Michaela Bartosova
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effective Operation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Plant Simulation

AbstractIntra-plant transport systems within their operation directly impact on the performance of production systems. For their effective operation, it is, therefore, necessary to realize evaluation of operational performance and effectivity. For the realization of this type of evaluation, in addition to a wide range of sensors that can be difficult for installation and operation, we can also use indirect methods that are equally able to provide reliable operational characteristics. Indirect analytical methods are presented above all by the approach which is based on the use of simulation methods. The method of computer simulation provides a wide range of options for the evaluation of efficiency and performance. The paper describes the use of a simulation model created in the program Tecnomatix Plant Simulation for analyzing the supply of production workplaces within the MilkRun system.

High Performance and N & P-Removable On-Site Domestic Waste Water Treatment System by Multi-Soil-Layering Method

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wakatsuki ◽  
H. Esumi ◽  
S. Omura
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Water Treatment System ◽  
Soil Layering

Multi-Soil-Layering (MSL) method was applied to make appropriate, but high performance and N & P-removable, on-site domestic waste water treatment system. The MSL soil unit is composed from soil layer mixed with 10∼25% of metal iron and pelletized jute. The MSL units were piled in a brick pattern at 5cm vertical and 10cm horizontal distance, which were surrounded by layers of Zeolite. Air can be supplied through porous pipes installed at adequate depths of the MSL system. The systems were tested using model houses. The waste waters, which were pretreated by septic tank to the level of SS 29-75, BOD 42-116, COD 32-56, T-N 29-86, and T-P 6-11 mg−l−1 respectively, could be treated at the rate of 100-850 1·m−2·d−1 without significant clogging. The mean concentrations of treated waters were SS 15, BOD 8.7, COD 11, T-N 6.8, and T-P 0.86 mg·1−1 respectively. Zeolite layers and brick pattern prevent clogging. Metal iron and jute pellets were effective to remove Phosphate and Nitrate. Intensive aeration assists decomposition of BOD, COD, and SS as well as nitrification, but decreases denitrif ication and phosphate fixation. The degree of purification could be controlled by setting adequate aeration.

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