A Numerical Assessment of the Efficacy of a Topography Design with Increasing Gradient Complexity for Filtering Biofouling Material through the Membrane Module of a Water Treatment System

Biofouling can also be defined as the micro- / macro- organisms stuck on the surface that has been submerged in water. This is normally found in marine industry and water treatment industry. There are 3 ways of antifouling where the 3rd method surface modification was the main point to be focused on. Surface modification has high potential for antifouling performance and is not harmful to the ecosystem. In this research study was to find out the efficacy of antifouling performance with increasing the gradient complexity. The 2 models used were smooth topography and circular topography and have been manipulated and simulated with WorkBench 2020, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). The results were simulated with the correct meshed and models. The simulated results were converged and 2 hydrodynamic variables; velocity and wall shear were used to check the efficacy of antifouling performance.

Evaluation of an alternative household water treatment system based on slow filtration and solar disinfection

Drinking water consumption is essential to maintain a good quality of life, but it is not available for all communities. Therefore, this work aimed to develop an alternative and accessible process for water treatment, based on filtration and solar disinfection, and evaluate it in both bench and pilot scales. The construction cost of the system was estimated and compared with other available options so that its economic viability could be discussed. For this purpose, water from a stream was collected and analyzed. A filter made of PVC tubes, sand, and gravel was built, acting, respectively, as a column, filtering medium, and support layer. As for the disinfection process, the SODIS (Solar Water Disinfection) methodology was adopted. The water was exposed to the sun, and the best exposure time was determined based on the analysis of total coliforms and E. coli. Finally, a prototype was built for a flow rate of 37.5 L d−1, consisting of two filters operating at a filtration rate of 2.38 m3 m−2 d−1. About 97% turbidity removal was obtained, as well as 99.9% for total coliforms and 99.1% for E. coli. It is estimated that the cost of building a water treatment system for one person is approximately USD 29.00.

Clean water treatment using the filtration method for residents of Loa Duri Ulu Village, Loa Janan District, Kutai Kartanegara

The problem of clean water in Loa Duri Ulu Village, Loa Janan District, Kutai Kartanegara has been going on for a long time ago. The effort of making a water treatment system through this service activity, gives hope to the residents of Loa Duri Ulu village, Loa Janan sub-district to end the suffering of consuming less decent water for the better. The purpose of this service is to meet the needs of clean water through filtration-based water treatment. With the guidance from this community service team, the residents are expected to be able to make their own water treatment systems for their own needs at home. Through this service activity, it can provide benefits to the community in the form of improving the quality of drinking water, so that public health increases.

RAW WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS TO DISCOVER THE CAUSE OF PIPELINE SCALLING PROBLEM IN PT. X (ICE PRODUCTION COMPANY)

<span id="docs-internal-guid-36e28651-7fff-038c-0ab0-ffb60a635785"><span>PT. X is one of the ice companies in which its largest company is located in Bali, more precisely in the Pidada area, North Denpasar. Based on field observations the area is an area that has a calcareous soil structure. The water source of PT. X was extracted from the groundwater. From the field observation, it was found that the pipeline network, that connected the inlet water to water treatment system and ice production units, was severely covered by faint white scale. In order to discover the origin of this scale, water quality testing need to be carried out. From the results, it was found that the total hardness in the inlet water, taken from the groundwater tap, was 162.85 mg/l with calcium concentration of 2.15 mg/l and iron 3.83 mg/l. Water quality testing was also carried out in the water treatment unit consisting of resin softener where the total hardness surprisingly increased into 279.81 mg/l, calcium concentration was 2.96 mg/l, iron concentration was 0.55 mg/l. Even after being treated in softener resin, the total hardness increased sharply to 483 mg/l, which categorized as extreme hardness. The increase in total hardness indicates that there was a failure in the operation of the water treatment system, even it also contributed to the higher hardness and calcium concentration. This over-year’s treatment failure has been causing accumulation of hardness and calcium concentration in the compartment of both water treatment system and ice production unit that inflicts a higher hardness level in the effluent.</span></span>