Removal of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol by biological filtration

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L.N. Elhadi ◽  
P.M. Huck ◽  
R.M. Slawson
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Biological Filtration ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Odour Threshold ◽  
Parallel Filter ◽  
Sand Source ◽  
By Products

The quality of drinking water is sometimes diminished by the presence of certain compounds that can impart particular tastes or odours. One of the most common and problematic types of taste and odour is the earthy/musty odour produced by geosmin (trans-1, 10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol) and MIB (2-methylisoborneol). Taste and odour treatment processes including powdered activated carbon, and oxidation using chlorine, chloramines, potassium permanganate, and sometimes even ozone are largely ineffective for reducing these compounds to below their odour threshold concentration levels. Ozonation followed by biological filtration, however, has the potential to provide effective treatment. Ozone provides partial removal of geosmin and MIB but also creates other compounds more amenable to biodegradation and potentially undesirable biological instability. Subsequent biofiltration can remove residual geosmin and MIB in addition to removing these other biodegradable compounds. Bench scale experiments were conducted using two parallel filter columns containing fresh and exhausted granular activated carbon (GAC) media and sand. Source water consisted of dechlorinated tap water to which geosmin and MIB were added, as well as, a cocktail of easily biodegradable organic matter (i.e. typical ozonation by-products) in order to simulate water that had been subjected to ozonation prior to filtration. Using fresh GAC, total removals of geosmin ranged from 76 to 100% and total MIB removals ranged from 47% to 100%. The exhausted GAC initially removed less geosmin and MIB but removals increased over time. Overall the results of these experiments are encouraging for the use of biofiltration following ozonation as a means of geosmin and MIB removal. These results provide important information with respect to the role biofilters play during their startup phase in the reduction of these particular compounds. In addition, the results demonstrate the potential biofilters have in responding to transient geosmin and MIB episodes.

scholarly journals The Study of the Physical and Chemical Behavior of Activated Carbon in the Permeable Concrete for Light Traffic Paving

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 175-192
Author(s):  
Ednei Bruce Da Silva ◽  
Antônio Estanislau Sanches ◽  
David Barbosa de Alencar ◽  
Mike Jordan Braz Izel ◽  
Camily Murrieta Vasconcelos Oliveira Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Light Traffic ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Slow Filtration ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The water treatment processes in which microorganisms act are margin filtration, slow filtration and biological activated carbon (CAB) [2]. For this research, a study of permeable concrete with the addition of 2% activated carbon for light traffic paving was performed. The objective of this research is to identify the feasibility of using this concrete so that filtered water can reach at least the basic sanitation networks, with a better quality to be treated. For this, characterizations of the quality of the concrete component materials were made with a novelty, using the fine aggregate (sand). After the characterizations, the permeable concrete traces with mechanical strength of 30MPa were made. Dosing analyzes followed with molding, curing and rupture of concrete specimens. The results of the arithmetic mean of the axial compression of conventional concrete at 28 days were 34.2 MPa and the concrete with the addition of activated carbon was 32.2 MPa, reaching the expectations of strength. Complementary experiments were performed for the quality of the water filtered by the CP's, the pH, the alkalinity and the chlorine content were analyzed. The pH of the conventional concrete found was 7.6 and the concrete with the addition of activated carbon was between 7.2 and 6.8, which may be the best result found

scholarly journals AOC removal and accumulation of bacteria in experimental sand filters

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 17-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A.M. Hijnen, ◽  
D. Van Der Kooij
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Biological Filtration ◽  
Acetate Concentration ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon ◽  
Filter Bed ◽  
Reduction Capacity

Using small sand filets under well defined laboratory conditions, filtration experiments were performed with tap water supplemented with acetate. The objective of these experiments was to determine the effect of different acetate concentrations on (i) the removal of easily assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in the filter (ii), the clogging of the tiller and (iii) the bacteriological quality of the filtrate. The results of the experiments revealed that the reduction capacity of biological filtration processes for acetate is relatively high. Acetate removal resulted in an increased microbiological activity in the top layer (< 1cm) of the filter bed and accumulation of bacterial matter was observed at an influent AOC concentration as low as 0.005 mg of ac-C eq/l. Clogging of the filter bed occurred at an influent acetate concentration of 0.01 mg C/l. Based on these observations it was concluded that the AOC concentration of water used for infiltration in recharge wells should be less thon 0.01 mg ac-C eq/l. This level is similar to the level advised for biologically-stable drinking water. A linear relationship was found between the acetate removal in the experimental filters and the colony count in the filtrate. It was recommended that the AOC load in the final filtration process in water treatment therefore should be limited to prevent high colony counts in the filtrate, thus leading to the use of post disinfection.

Formation characterization and removal of disinfection by-products in water treatment processes

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 493-499
Author(s):  
S. Chae ◽  
C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Scale Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
One Year ◽  
By Products

This study evaluates the formation and removal of DBPs along with precursors in a pilot-scale treatment plant employing conventional treatment processes (coagulation/ sedimentation/filtration), ozonation and granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment with three EBCT (10 min, 15 min, 20 min) and three types of GACs (coal-based F400, coal-based SLC, coconut-based SLC-2000). Pilot-scale study suggested that the GAC adsorber demanded more than EBCT 15 min for DBPs removal and exhibited excellent performance for HAA removal. During approximate a one-year pilot scale evaluation for ozone/GAC processes, as high efficiency of removal was continued, exchange cycle and regeneration life of GAC need to be decided through longer operation.

Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) in water purification plants (WPPs) with advanced treatment processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Shivakoti ◽  
S. Fujii ◽  
M. Nozoe ◽  
S. Tanaka ◽  
C. Kunacheva
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Perfluorinated Chemicals

A series of perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) surveys were conducted in two water purification plants (WPPs) having ozonation and granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration processes. In each plant, six different processes samples (source water, influent, coagulation-sedimentation effluent, ozonation effluent, GAC filtration effluent, and final tap water) were collected for two times and eight PFCs were measured. The results showed that seven kinds of PFCs (PFHxS, PFOS, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, and PFUnDA) were detected in both plants with concentration range of 0.5–53.5 ng L−1, while the range of total concentration of all seven PFCs was 31–90 ng L−1. All detected PFCs were not removed effectively in both dates but removal was observed to some extent for certain PFCs (PFNA, PFDA, PFOS, and PFUnDA) by GAC filtration tank.

scholarly journals Geographical and Seasonal Patterns of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol in Environmental Water in Jiangsu Province of China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Ding ◽  
Shifu Peng ◽  
Yuqin Jin ◽  
Zhoubin Xuan ◽  
Xiaodong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was conducted to obtain the basic data of two common odorants—geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (GSM and 2-MIB)—in environmental water. More specifically, the headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) was applied to determine the levels of GSM and 2-MIB in water samples, and the samples were collected depending on water sources, conventional treatment processes, and seasons. The significant difference was shown for the 2-MIB levels of source waterP<0.05, the concentrations of GSM and 2-MIB decreased significantly as treatment process of tap water moved forward(P<0.0001), and the significant differences for the levels of GSM and 2-MIB were observed among three sampling periods(P<0.01). The levels of GSM and 2-MIB in all water samples were lower than 10 ng L−1, the odor threshold concentration (OTC), and the conventional treatment process plays a significant role in removing odorants in tap water.

Towards an improved human exposure assessment for contaminants in drinking water released by products used for domestic water distribution

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddo J. Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Sampling Protocol ◽  
Human Exposure Assessment ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
By Products

Substances migrated from products or micro-organisms released from biofilms in the domestic distribution system may affect the quality of tap water. The approach to protect consumers against these possible contaminants and specifically the sampling protocol for compliance monitoring at the tap is not well described in the European Drinking Water Directive. Regulators of the member states like to have guidance. This paper describes the issue and proposes a possible approach.

A Full-Scale Study on Preozonation of Typical Source Waters in North China

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 1084-1088
Author(s):  
Shang Chao Yue ◽  
Qi Shan Wang ◽  
Si Si Li ◽  
Yi Ran Zhang ◽  
Yan Fang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
North China ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Final Effluent ◽  
By Products

In this full-scale study, water treatment processes with preozonation were carried out. This work estimated the performence of preozonation of two typical kinds of surface waters in North China, Luan River and Yellow River. UV254, algae, chlorophyll a, Trihalomethanes Formation Potential(THMFP) and Haloacetic Acids Formation Potential(HAAFP) were investigated. In addition, formaldehyde and bromate, which are the main ozonation by-products, were also measured. Results showed that preozonation played an important role in reducing algae, chlorophyll a and UV254. About 33% of THMFP and HAAFP were removed by preozonation. Moreover, the processes applied in this study with preozonation were applicable to different raw water, and the water quality of the effluent was greatly improved. In the final effluent, half of the THMFP and HAAFP were removed. Formaldehyde and bromate were both below the limits(900 μg/L and 10 μg/L, separately).

DECOLOURIZATION AND COD REMOVAL OF WASEWATER FROM ETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM MOLASSES BY COAGULANTION USING INORGANIC ALUM

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Trung Duc Le
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Treatment Step ◽  
Main Material

The industrial production of ethanol by fermentation using molasses as main material that generates large quantity of wastewater. This wastewater contains high levels of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD), that may causes serious environmental pollution. Most available treatment processes in Vietnam rely on biological methods, which often fail to treat waste water up to discharge standard. As always, it was reported that quality of treated wastewater could not meet Vietnameses discharge standard. So, it is necessary to improve the treatment efficiency of whole technological process and therefore, supplemental physico-chemical treatment step before biodegradation stage should be the appropriate choice. This study was carried out to assess the effect of coagulation process on decolourization and COD removal in molasses-based ethanol production wastewater using inorganic coaglutant under laboratory conditions. The experimental results showed that the reductions of COD and colour with the utilization of Al2(SO4)3 at pH 9.5 were 83% and 70%, respectively. Mixture FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 at pH 8.5 reduced 82% of colour and 70% of COD. With the addition of Polyacrylamide (PAM), the reduction efficiencies of colour, COD and turbidity by FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 were 87%, 73.1% and 94.1% correspondingly. It was indicated that PAM significantly reduced the turbidity of wastewater, however it virtually did not increase the efficiencies of colour and COD reduction. Furthermore, the coagulation processes using PAM usually produces a mount of sludge which is hard to be deposited.

Practical Guide to Determine the Impact of Radon and Other Radionuclides on Water Treatment Processes

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1255-1264
Author(s):  
K. L. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Packed Tower ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Radioactivity Exposure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Percent Removal

During treatment of groundwater, radon is often coincidentally removed by processes typically used to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs)-for example, processes such as liquid-phase granular activated carbon (LGAC) adsorption and air stripping with vapor-phase carbon (VGAC). The removal of radon from drinking water is a positive benefit for the water user; however, the accumulation of radon on activated carbon may cause radiologic hazards for the water treatment plant operators and the spent carbon may be considered a low-level radioactive waste. To date, most literature on radon removal by water treatment processes was based on bench- or residential-scale systems. This paper addresses the impact of radon on municipal and industrial-scale applications. Available data have been used todevelop graphical methods of estimating the radioactivity exposure rates to facility operators and determine the fate of spent carbon. This paper will allow the reader to determine the potential for impact of radon on the system design and operation as follows.Estimate the percent removal of radon from water by LGAC adsorbers and packed tower air strippers. Also, a method to estimate the percent removal of radon by VGAC used for air stripper off-gas will be provided.Estimate if your local radon levels are such that the safety guidelines, suggested by USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), of 25 mR/yr (0.1 mR/day) for radioactivity exposure may or may not be exceeded.Estimate the disposal requirements of the waste carbon for LGAC systems and VGAC for air stripper “Off-Gas” systems. Options for dealing with high radon levels are presented.

scholarly journals Polyphenol Profiling of Chestnut Pericarp, Integument and Curing Water Extracts to Qualify These Food By-Products as a Source of Antioxidants

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2335
Author(s):  
Gabriella Pinto ◽  
Sabrina De Pascale ◽  
Maria Aponte ◽  
Andrea Scaloni ◽  
Francesco Addeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Water Curing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

Plant polyphenols have beneficial antioxidant effects on human health; practices aimed at preserving their content in foods and/or reusing food by-products are encouraged. The impact of the traditional practice of the water curing procedure of chestnuts, which prevents insect/mould damage during storage, was studied to assess the release of polyphenols from the fruit. Metabolites extracted from pericarp and integument tissues or released in the medium from the water curing process were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and electrospray-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (ESI-qTOF-MS). This identified: (i) condensed and hydrolyzable tannins made of (epi)catechin (procyanidins) and acid ellagic units in pericarp tissues; (ii) polyphenols made of gallocatechin and catechin units condensed with gallate (prodelphinidins) in integument counterparts; (iii) metabolites resembling those reported above in the wastewater from the chestnut curing process. Comparative experiments were also performed on aqueous media recovered from fruits treated with processes involving: (i) tap water; (ii) tap water containing an antifungal Lb. pentosus strain; (iii) wastewater from a previous curing treatment. These analyses indicated that the former treatment determines a 6–7-fold higher release of polyphenols in the curing water with respect to the other ones. This event has a negative impact on the luster of treated fruits but qualifies the corresponding wastes as a source of antioxidants. Such a phenomenon does not occur in wastewater from the other curing processes, where the release of polyphenols was reduced, thus preserving the chestnut’s appearance. Polyphenol profiling measurements demonstrated that bacterial presence in water hampered the release of pericarp metabolites. This study provides a rationale to traditional processing practices on fruit appearance and qualifies the corresponding wastes as a source of bioactive compounds for other nutraceutical applications.

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