Formation of by-products in the course of intermediate ozonation of groundwater pretreated with ozone and polyaluminium chloride

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Agbaba ◽  
I. Ivančev-Tumbas ◽  
B. Dalmacija ◽  
M. Klašnja
Keyword(s):  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Serbia And Montenegro ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
By Products ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride ◽  
Vojvodina Province

Formation of aldehydes and trihalomethanes during intermediate ozonation of water pretreated with ozone and polyaluminium-chloride was monitored in a pilot-scale study to optimize the drinking water treatment technology. The raw water was the groundwater, rich in natural organic matter, originated from the territory of the Northern Banat region in Vojvodina Province, Serbia and Montenegro. Monitoring of the parameters that have to meet prescribed criteria (permanganate value, TOC and THMFP removal) could not give an indication on how to split the required ozone dose between preozonation and intermediate ozonation. As the effects obtained regarding THMFP and TOC removal were similar, monitoring of aldehydes was performed, and this clearly showed that preozonation should be carried out with a dose ≥0.4 mg O3/mg TOC to obtain the water with the smallest contents of aldehydes and the lowest specific content of glyoxal in the GAC filter influent.

LC-ESI/MS/MS analysis with derivatization applied to polar disinfection by-products in water treatment

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Zwiener ◽  
T. Glauner ◽  
F.H. Frimmel
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Compound Identification ◽  
Identification Of Unknown Compounds ◽  
By Products

Chlorination and ozonation experiments under conditions close to drinking water treatment were carried out with two different tap waters with low DOC content and water from a bog lake with high natural organic matter content. THM formation was low and in the range of 10 μg/L. Derivatization with dinitrophenylhydrazine and HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry were applied to measure carbonyl DBPs by precursor ion scans at m/z 163 for aldehydes and at m/z 182 for dicarbonyls. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal were formed by chlorination and ozonation. Ozonation produced the highest levels of carbonyls, in particular in the tap water samples. A strategy for structure suggestion and identification of unknown compounds on the basis of collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra (MS) is given. The resulting structures are carbonyls with additional hydroxy and carboxy groups and serve for choice or synthesis of standard compounds for further identification. The possibilities and limits of compound identification are discussed.

Advanced membrane technology for application to water treatment

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasumoto Magara ◽  
Shoichi Kunikane ◽  
Masaki Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Further Development ◽  
By Products

Following the successful implementation of the ‘MAC21’ Project, the ‘New MAC21’ Project is being implemented for further development of membrane technology in Japan. The project includes various pilot-scale and laboratory experiments on 1) nanofiltration system, and 2) MF/UF system combined with advanced treatment processes such as activated carbon treatment, ozonation and biological treatment. As the result, it has been shown that both systems are applicable to drinking water treatment. Although a NF system was very effective for the removal of organic contaminants such as precursors of disinfection by-products, it is considered that the development of a proper treatment method for the concentrate will be very important in the future.

scholarly journals Pilot-scale removal of organic micropollutants and natural organic matter from drinking water using ozonation followed by granular activated carbon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Ullberg ◽  
Elin Lavonen ◽  
Stephan J. Köhler ◽  
Oksana Golovko ◽  
Karin Wiberg
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Scale Removal

Conventional drinking water treatment is inefficient in removing a large fraction of known organic micropollutants (OMPs). Ozonation in combination with granular activated carbon is a promising approach for addressing this issue.

Effect of advanced oxidation processes on nonylphenol removal with respect to chlorination in drinking water treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mosteo ◽  
N. Miguel ◽  
P. Ormad Maria ◽  
J. L. Ovelleiro
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
By Products

Any nonylphenol compounds found in water have to be removed since they are endocrine disruptors. In this study, natural water from the river Ebro fortified with nonylphenol compounds (4n-nonylphenol and technical nonylphenol) is used as a sample in order to simulate a real situation in drinking water treatment plants. The aim is to compare conventional disinfection with advanced oxidation processes (O3, O3/H2O2, O3/TiO2 and O3/H2O2/TiO2) used for the removal of nonylphenol compounds present in natural water. Furthermore, a study is carried out of the by-products (THMs) generated as a consequence of the presence of natural organic matter. Preoxidation by chlorine completely oxidizes 4n-nonylphenol and technical nonylphenol. It can be seen that the best of the advanced oxidation processes is the O3/H2O2, achieving an average oxidation of 55%, although the differences among the processes were not very significant. Furthermore, the use of post-chlorination guarantees the total removal of nonylphenol compounds.

scholarly journals PENYISIHAN KANDUNGAN BAHAN ORGANIK ALAMI PADA AIR BAKU UNTUK PRODUKSI AIR MINUM DENGAN KOMBINASI PRE-OKSIDASI DAN KOAGULASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Firdaus Kamal ◽  
Euis Nurul Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
By Products

Kehadiran NOM menurunkan kualitas air baku untuk air minum dengan mengubah sifat organoleptik, mengganggu sistem pengendapan dan meningkatkan penggunaan koagulan, menyebabkan penyumbatan pada saringan dan distribusi air minum. Komponen NOM, seperti humic acids (HA) dan fulvic acids (FA) yang bereaksi dengan logam berat menyebabkan terbentuknya senyawa toksik dan berkontribusi terhadap pembentukan disinfection by products (DBPs) yang menyebabkan potensi adanya senyawa karsinogenik dalam pengolahan air minum secara konvensional. Salah satu metode penyisihan bahan organik dalam air adalah dengan peningkatan proses koagulasi, dengan pretreatment sebelum proses koagulasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pre-oksidasi dan koagulasi terhadap penyisihan bahan organik pada air Kali Jagir yang digunakan untuk produksi air minum. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, konsentrasi TOC pada air baku sebesar 11,67  mg/liter dan nilai UV absorbansi 254 nm sebesar 0,10895 cm-1, sehingga diperoleh nilai SUVA sebesar 0,934 L/mg/cm, sehingga diketahui karakteristik pada air Kali Surabaya yang cenderung hidrofilik dengan berat molekul rendah dan kebanyakan bukan humik yang mengindikasikan bahwa air tersebut dihasilkan dari kegiatan domestik dan industri. Pada kombinasi pre-oksidasi dan koagulasi, CaOCl2 dengan dosis 25 mg/liter mampu menurunkan TOC dari 11,67 mg/liter menjadi 9,11 mg/liter, sedangkan permanganat dengan dosis 0,8 mg/liter hanya mampu menurunkan TOC dari 11,67 mg/liter menjadi 11,25 mg/liter. Kombinasi pre-oksidasi dan koagulasi mampu menurunkan bahan organik aromatik, ditunjukkan dengan nilai absorbansi UV210 air baku yaitu 1,4983 cm-1 menjadi 1,2720 cm-1 dengan pre-oksidasi KMnO4-koagulan Al2(SO4)3 dan 1,3152 cm-1 pada pre-oksidasi CaOCl2-koagulan Al2(SO4)3. Kata kunci: bahan organik alami, koagulasi, pre-oksidasi. The presence of NOM reduces air quality for drinking water with changes in organoleptic properties, deposition systems and increased use of coagulants, blockages in filters and distribution of drinking water. NOM components, such as humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) which are printed with heavy metals cause the formation of toxic compounds and contribute to product disinfection (DBPs) which produce potential carcinogenic compounds in conventional drinking water treatment. One method of removing organic matter in water is by increasing the coagulation process, with pretreatment before the coagulation process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pre-oxidation and coagulation on the removal of organic material in Kali Jagir water used for the production of drinking water. Based on the results of the analysis, TOC concentration in raw water is 11.67 mg/liter and UV absorbance value 254 nm is 0.10895 cm-1, so that the SUVA value is 0.934 L/mg/cm, so it is known the characteristics of the Surabaya River water which tend to be hydrophilic with low molecular weight and most not humic which indicates that the water is produced from domestic and industrial activities. In a combination of preoxidation and coagulation, CaOCl2 with a dose of 25 mg/liter was able to reduce TOC from 11.67 mg/liter to 9.11 mg/liter, while permanganate at a dose of 0.8 mg/liter was only able to reduce TOC from 11,67 mg/liter to 11.25 mg/liter. The combination of preoxidation and coagulation is able to reduce aromatic organic matter, indicated by the absorbance value of UV210 of raw water, namely 1.4983 cm-1 to 1.2720 cm-1 with the KMnO4-coagulant Al2(SO4)3 and 1.3152 cm-1 preoxidation in preoxidation CaOCl2-coagulant (SO4)3. Keywords: natural organic matter, coagulation, pre-oxidation.

Pilot scale investigation of coagulation combined with ozonation and pH adjustment in treatment of NOM rich water

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tubić ◽  
J. Agbaba ◽  
J. Molnar Jazić ◽  
M. Watson ◽  
B. Dalmacija
Keyword(s):  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Ozone Dose ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

This paper presents the results of a pilot scale investigation of coagulation using aluminium based coagulants (polyaluminium chloride sulphate (PACL1) and polyaluminium chloride (PACL2)), combined with pre-ozonation and pH adjustment, on natural organic matter (NOM) removal from groundwater. Tests were conducted at a semi-industrial pilot plant, using groundwater with a high content of NOM (5.1 ± 0.8 mg C/L dissolved organic carbon (DOC); 0.211 ± 0.007 cm−1 UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254)) and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP (273 ± 73 μg/L)). It was determined that both coagulants showed similar efficacy in reducing DOC (∼50%), UV254 (∼60%) and THMFP (∼65%). Application of pre-ozonation enhanced total coagulation efficiency (up to 61% and 80% for DOC and UV254, respectively), probably due to its microflocculation effect. THMFP in the treated water fluctuated depending on ozone dose, coagulant type and pH. The pre-treatment resulted in NOM oxidation to lower molecular weight hydrophilic organic substances. PACL1 coagulation did not efficiently remove these new THM precursors, whereas PACL2 was able to reduce THMFP to 77 μg/L at a low ozone dose of 0.4 mg O3/mg DOC, suggesting differences in the coagulation mechanism for the two coagulants. This difference confirms the necessity of optimizing the combined treatment depending upon the choice of coagulant applied.

scholarly journals The relationship between chlorine consumption and trihalomethane formation from hydrophobic and transphilic fractions: a comparative study between two dams of east Algeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Dhaouadi Mellahi ◽  
Ridha Zerdoumi ◽  
Nacer Rebbani ◽  
Abdelhak Gheid
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Kinetic Behavior ◽  
Complex Composition ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
By Products

In Algeria, the use of chlorine in drinking water treatment is a widespread practice. When chlorine combines with natural organic matter (NOM), it forms various chlorine by-products such as trihalomethanes (THMs). In this work, we studied the relationship between chlorine consumption and THM formation, by chlorination of hydrophobic and transphilic (TRS) fractions. We compared the kinetic behavior and the THM formation potential of two major dams in east Algeria. A nonlinear regression modeling study showed a good correlation of the specific chlorine consumption and the specific THM formation. In the case of Ain Zeda dam and at pH = 7, the specific THM yield coefficients αS were: 6.57 and 10.22 μg-THM/mg-Cl2.mg-C.L−1 for hydrophobic and TRS fractions, respectively, while at the same pH, they were 12.07 and 23.66 μg-THM/mg-Cl2.mg-C.L−1 for Ain Dalia dam. Although the NOM concentration of Ain Zeda dam was higher than that of Ain Dalia dam, the THM formation potential of Ain Dalia dam was greater than that of Ain Zeda dam. It seems clear that the water source origin and characteristics play a key role in this case. They affect the THM formation due to the complex composition of humic substances which differs from one source to another.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Compliance of TOC and Turbidity Related to Pathogen Breakthrough and THMs Control by Enhanced Coagulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Enhanced Coagulation ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
By Products

Since discovery of harmful disinfection by products (DBPs) like trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) in chlorinated waters the removal of organic DBPs precursors gained priority in drinking water treatment. Historically, coagulation process was arranged to remove turbidity, typically related to pathogens occurrence, but nowadays it is usually optimized/enhanced for total organic carbon (TOC) reduction. This work dealt with the removal of TOC and turbidity by means of enhanced coagulation process using Al2(SO4)3⋅18 H2O and FeCl3⋅6H2O as coagulants for jar test without pH adjustment according to USEPA procedure. 15% of TOC removal required by USEPA D/DBPs rule (1998) was achieved using 30-50 mg l-1 of both coagulants. On the other hand, for compliance with more stringent MCL for total THMs in Italy (30 μg l-1) higher TOC removal (>30%) which needed of higher coagulants doses (80 mg l-1), was obviously required. Those high coagulant doses were also to be used for the compliance with the turbidity standard (<1NTU).

The Removal Effect on Chironomus kiiensis larvae and Mutagenicity in Urban Water Source with Chlorine Dioxie

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 744-749
Author(s):  
Xing Bin Sun ◽  
Fu Yi Cui ◽  
Zhao Chao Hou ◽  
Lin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Molecular State ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Eutrophic Water ◽  
By Products

Chironomus kiiensis larvae which cannot be exterminated by conventional disinfection process propagates prolifically in eutrophic water body, and it therefore turns to be a potential problem encountered in drinking water quality. In order to tackle this problem, a pilot-scale study of removal effect on Chironomus kiiensis larvae with chlorine dioxide in a waterworks is performed. The experiment results showed that Chironomus kiiensis larvae can be effectively removed from water by 0.55 mg/L chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation combined with the conventional drinking water treatment process. Higher oxidizability and molecular state of chlorine dioxide in water is the key to the inactivation of Chironomus kiiensis larvae. The chlorite, disinfection by-products (DBPs) of chlorine dioxide, is stable at 0.217 mg/L, which is lower than that critical value of the WHO. Ames test revealed that the mutagenicity was reduced by chlorine dioxide with respect to prechlorine. The propagation of Chironomus kiiensis larvae can be inactivated effectively and safely by chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation.

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