scholarly journals The relationship between chlorine consumption and trihalomethane formation from hydrophobic and transphilic fractions: a comparative study between two dams of east Algeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Dhaouadi Mellahi ◽  
Ridha Zerdoumi ◽  
Nacer Rebbani ◽  
Abdelhak Gheid
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Kinetic Behavior ◽  
Complex Composition ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
By Products

In Algeria, the use of chlorine in drinking water treatment is a widespread practice. When chlorine combines with natural organic matter (NOM), it forms various chlorine by-products such as trihalomethanes (THMs). In this work, we studied the relationship between chlorine consumption and THM formation, by chlorination of hydrophobic and transphilic (TRS) fractions. We compared the kinetic behavior and the THM formation potential of two major dams in east Algeria. A nonlinear regression modeling study showed a good correlation of the specific chlorine consumption and the specific THM formation. In the case of Ain Zeda dam and at pH = 7, the specific THM yield coefficients αS were: 6.57 and 10.22 μg-THM/mg-Cl2.mg-C.L−1 for hydrophobic and TRS fractions, respectively, while at the same pH, they were 12.07 and 23.66 μg-THM/mg-Cl2.mg-C.L−1 for Ain Dalia dam. Although the NOM concentration of Ain Zeda dam was higher than that of Ain Dalia dam, the THM formation potential of Ain Dalia dam was greater than that of Ain Zeda dam. It seems clear that the water source origin and characteristics play a key role in this case. They affect the THM formation due to the complex composition of humic substances which differs from one source to another.

scholarly journals PENYISIHAN KANDUNGAN BAHAN ORGANIK ALAMI PADA AIR BAKU UNTUK PRODUKSI AIR MINUM DENGAN KOMBINASI PRE-OKSIDASI DAN KOAGULASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Firdaus Kamal ◽  
Euis Nurul Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
By Products

Kehadiran NOM menurunkan kualitas air baku untuk air minum dengan mengubah sifat organoleptik, mengganggu sistem pengendapan dan meningkatkan penggunaan koagulan, menyebabkan penyumbatan pada saringan dan distribusi air minum. Komponen NOM, seperti humic acids (HA) dan fulvic acids (FA) yang bereaksi dengan logam berat menyebabkan terbentuknya senyawa toksik dan berkontribusi terhadap pembentukan disinfection by products (DBPs) yang menyebabkan potensi adanya senyawa karsinogenik dalam pengolahan air minum secara konvensional. Salah satu metode penyisihan bahan organik dalam air adalah dengan peningkatan proses koagulasi, dengan pretreatment sebelum proses koagulasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pre-oksidasi dan koagulasi terhadap penyisihan bahan organik pada air Kali Jagir yang digunakan untuk produksi air minum. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, konsentrasi TOC pada air baku sebesar 11,67  mg/liter dan nilai UV absorbansi 254 nm sebesar 0,10895 cm-1, sehingga diperoleh nilai SUVA sebesar 0,934 L/mg/cm, sehingga diketahui karakteristik pada air Kali Surabaya yang cenderung hidrofilik dengan berat molekul rendah dan kebanyakan bukan humik yang mengindikasikan bahwa air tersebut dihasilkan dari kegiatan domestik dan industri. Pada kombinasi pre-oksidasi dan koagulasi, CaOCl2 dengan dosis 25 mg/liter mampu menurunkan TOC dari 11,67 mg/liter menjadi 9,11 mg/liter, sedangkan permanganat dengan dosis 0,8 mg/liter hanya mampu menurunkan TOC dari 11,67 mg/liter menjadi 11,25 mg/liter. Kombinasi pre-oksidasi dan koagulasi mampu menurunkan bahan organik aromatik, ditunjukkan dengan nilai absorbansi UV210 air baku yaitu 1,4983 cm-1 menjadi 1,2720 cm-1 dengan pre-oksidasi KMnO4-koagulan Al2(SO4)3 dan 1,3152 cm-1 pada pre-oksidasi CaOCl2-koagulan Al2(SO4)3. Kata kunci: bahan organik alami, koagulasi, pre-oksidasi. The presence of NOM reduces air quality for drinking water with changes in organoleptic properties, deposition systems and increased use of coagulants, blockages in filters and distribution of drinking water. NOM components, such as humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) which are printed with heavy metals cause the formation of toxic compounds and contribute to product disinfection (DBPs) which produce potential carcinogenic compounds in conventional drinking water treatment. One method of removing organic matter in water is by increasing the coagulation process, with pretreatment before the coagulation process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pre-oxidation and coagulation on the removal of organic material in Kali Jagir water used for the production of drinking water. Based on the results of the analysis, TOC concentration in raw water is 11.67 mg/liter and UV absorbance value 254 nm is 0.10895 cm-1, so that the SUVA value is 0.934 L/mg/cm, so it is known the characteristics of the Surabaya River water which tend to be hydrophilic with low molecular weight and most not humic which indicates that the water is produced from domestic and industrial activities. In a combination of preoxidation and coagulation, CaOCl2 with a dose of 25 mg/liter was able to reduce TOC from 11.67 mg/liter to 9.11 mg/liter, while permanganate at a dose of 0.8 mg/liter was only able to reduce TOC from 11,67 mg/liter to 11.25 mg/liter. The combination of preoxidation and coagulation is able to reduce aromatic organic matter, indicated by the absorbance value of UV210 of raw water, namely 1.4983 cm-1 to 1.2720 cm-1 with the KMnO4-coagulant Al2(SO4)3 and 1.3152 cm-1 preoxidation in preoxidation CaOCl2-coagulant (SO4)3. Keywords: natural organic matter, coagulation, pre-oxidation.

Tracking disinfection by-products and arsenic removal during various drinking water treatment trains

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3169-3177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Tubić ◽  
Božo Dalmacija ◽  
Jasmina Agbaba ◽  
Ivana Ivančev-Tumbas ◽  
Mile Klašnja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Ferrous Chloride ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Water Quality Simulation ◽  
By Products

In the central Banat region (Northern Serbia), groundwater is used as a drinking water source. Raw water originates from a 40–80 m and 100–150 m deep layer. It contains a high amount of natural organic matter (DOC = 9.17 ± 0.87 mg C/L) with a trihalomethanes formation potential of 448 ± 88.2 μg/L and a haloacetic acid formation potential of 174 ± 68.9 μg/L. A high amount of arsenic (86.0 ± 3.4 μg/L) is also found in this water. This study used a pilot-scale system to investigate the possibilities of combining polyaluminium chloride and ferrous-chloride to remove disinfection by-products precursors and arsenic by coagulation. Two treatment trains with different pre-treatment steps were investigated (ozone vs. H2O2/O3). For the final water polishing, filtration with granulated activated carbon (GAC) was applied. Both investigated treatment lines achieved a satisfactory chemical water quality. Simulation of disinfection conditions was performed and the contents of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids measured, to investigate whether the chemical quality of the water remained satisfactory over a 48 hour period.

scholarly journals Assessment of Coagulation–Flocculation Process Efficiency for the Natural Organic Matter Removal in Drinking Water Treatment

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3073
Author(s):  
Corina Petronela Mustereț ◽  
Irina Morosanu ◽  
Ramona Ciobanu ◽  
Oana Plavan ◽  
Andreea Gherghel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Aluminum Concentration

Natural organic matter (NOM) represents a range of heterogeneous hydrophobic and hydrophilic components naturally occurring in the water source and, due to the fact that they can act as precursors for the disinfection, by-products may have a considerable impact on drinking water quality. Coagulation–flocculation (C/F) is among the most applied processes for NOM removal from water sources (especially rivers). In this study, C/F efficiency for a river water supply was investigated in cold and warm conditions, by varying the coagulant dose and mixing conditions. In this study, polyhydroxy aluminum chloride PAX XL 60, and polyacrylamide FloPam AN 910 SEP were used as coagulant and flocculant, respectively. Multiple water quality indicators were determined, such as turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and residual aluminum concentration. Some unconventional parameters relevant for NOM removal were also considered, like absorbance at 254 nm (A254), at 280 nm (A280), and at 365 nm (A365), as well as the ratios A254/DOC, A254/280, and A254/A365. After coagulation–flocculation, turbidity was completely removed in all the studied conditions. The DOC content was reduced by up to 22.65% at a low temperature and by up to 31.81% at a high temperature. After the addition of polyelectrolyte in cold conditions, the efficiency in terms of A254 increased by up to 37.4%, while the specific absorbance decreased. The high molecular weight NOM increased after C/F, based on the A254/A365 ratio. Chemometric analysis was employed in order to determine the effect of the coagulant dose on the process efficiency. The optimum coagulation–flocculation conditions were corroborated by means of the principal component analysis.

Triclosan removal by NF from a real drinking water source – Effect of natural organic matter

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 330-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Ogutverici ◽  
Levent Yilmaz ◽  
Ulku Yetis ◽  
Filiz B. Dilek
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Source Effect

scholarly journals Natural organic matter removal by ion exchange at different positions in the drinking water treatment lane

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grefte ◽  
M. Dignum ◽  
E. R. Cornelissen ◽  
L. C. Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Biological Stability ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Slow Sand Filtration

Abstract. To guarantee a good water quality at the customers tap, natural organic matter (NOM) should be (partly) removed during drinking water treatment. The objective of this research was to improve the biological stability of the produced water by incorporating anion exchange (IEX) for NOM removal. Different placement positions of IEX in the treatment lane (IEX positioned before coagulation, before ozonation or after slow sand filtration) and two IEX configurations (MIEX® and fluidized IEX (FIX)) were compared on water quality as well as costs. For this purpose the pre-treatment plant at Loenderveen and production plant Weesperkarspel of Waternet were used as a case study. Both, MIEX® and FIX were able to remove NOM (mainly the HS fraction) to a high extent. NOM removal can be done efficiently before ozonation and after slow sand filtration. The biological stability, in terms of assimilable organic carbon, biofilm formation rate and dissolved organic carbon, was improved by incorporating IEX for NOM removal. The operational costs were assumed to be directly dependent of the NOM removal rate and determined the difference between the IEX positions. The total costs for IEX for the three positions were approximately equal (0.0631 € m−3), however the savings on following treatment processes caused a cost reduction for the IEX positions before coagulation and before ozonation compared to IEX positioned after slow sand filtration. IEX positioned before ozonation was most cost effective and improved the biological stability of the treated water.

Characterization of organic matter and disinfection by-products in membrane backwash water from drinking water treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 168 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 753-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Zhang ◽  
Ping Gu ◽  
Zijie Zhong ◽  
Dong Yang ◽  
Wenjie He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
By Products
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