Characterisation of phosphorus in sediments from waste stabilization ponds

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gómez ◽  
J. Paing ◽  
C. Casellas ◽  
B. Picot
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Iron Hydroxides ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization

The waste stabilization pond (WSP) systems are useful for the treatment of wastewater. Despite a good knowledge of these systems, the dynamics of phosphorus elimination in these systems are not well known, especially concerning the forms of phosphorus in the sediment. Phosphorus dynamics were studied with data collected from the three stabilization ponds of the Mèze (France) system. A conceptual model based on theoretical considerations was developed, and applied to each pond. The percentage of observed variation described by these models ranged between 46.2% and 74.1%. The results showed that the principal variables affecting orthophosphate in WSP systems were phosphorus input and particulate phosphorus. When the model was applied to high rate algal pond (HRAP) data, the role of photosynthesis on pH increase and P precipitation was clear. Sediments sampled in the three facultative ponds were characterised with a fractionation scheme, currently used for sediments of natural aquatic ecosystems. Inorganic phosphorus accounted for 92-94% of total sediment phosphorus, with 57–59% bound to iron hydroxides and 33–37% bound to calcium. Surprisingly, organic phosphorus represented only between 6 and 8%. Polyphosphate was detected. Phosphorus concentration was greatest in the sediment from the third pond, where an aerobic layer at the sediment surface prevented phosphorus release.

scholarly journals Spatial and Seasonal Distribution and Transportation of Different Forms of Phosphorus in the Middle Reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Cheng ◽  
Yanan Huang ◽  
Xunchi Pu ◽  
Ruidong An ◽  
Wendian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Yarlung Zangbo River

The Yarlung Zangbo River basin ecosystem is fragile. The distribution and transportation of phosphorus is of great significance for aquatic environmental protection and ecological security. The sequential extraction method and molybdenum antimony anti-spectrophotometry were used to measure the concentrations of different forms of phosphorus in the surface sediments from 15 sampling sites along the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River and its tributaries. The results show that the total phosphorus concentration in the surface sediments is 194.0~540.7 mg/kg, which is mainly composed of inorganic phosphorus. The concentrations of various phosphorus forms ranked as calcium-bound phosphorus (355.6 ± 86.0 mg/kg) > soluble phosphorus (15.9 ± 10.0 mg/kg) > iron-bound phosphorus (12.4 ± 12.3 mg/kg) > organic phosphorus (9.6 ± 6.1 mg/kg) > occluded phosphorus (9.2 ± 3.8 mg/kg) > aluminum-bound phosphorus (5.4 ± 2.3 mg/kg). On the whole, phosphorus concentration is greater in wet season than dry season. Regarding the spatial distribution characteristics, there are great disparities in the different forms of phosphorus in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. Comprehensive analysis shows that phosphorus of this area is mainly self-generated, and concentration of bioavailable phosphorus is small, demonstrating there will not be a large release. We also drew a “specific triangle” of the different forms of phosphorus concentrations in the research area and defined the “α” angle to determine the nutrient status of the overlying water quickly and effectively. Finally, phosphorus flux of the mainstream was estimated. This research may provide information on the phosphorus of Plateau Rivers.

Optical characteristics of waste stabilization ponds: recommendations for monitoring

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Davies-Colley ◽  
R.J. Craggs ◽  
J. Park ◽  
J.W. Nagels
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Algal Photosynthesis

The optical character of waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) is of concern for several reasons. Algal photosynthesis, which produces oxygen for waste oxidation in WSPs, is influenced by attenuation of sunlight in ponds. Disinfection in WSPs is influenced by optical characteristics because solar UV exposure usually dominates inactivation. The optical nature of WSPs effluent also affects assimilation by receiving waters. Despite the importance of light behaviour in WSPs, few studies have been made of their optical characteristics. We discuss simple optical measures suitable for routine monitoring of WSPs (including at sites remote from laboratories): optical density of filtrates – an index of dissolved coloured organic (humic) matter, visual clarity – to provide an estimate of the beam attenuation coefficient (a fundamental quantity needed for optical modelling) colour (hue) – as an indicator of general WSP ‘condition’ and irradiance attenuation quantifying depth of light penetration. The value of optical characterisation of WSPs is illustrated with reference to optical data for WSPs in NZ (including high-rate algal ponds) treating dairy cattle wastewater versus domestic sewage. We encourage increased research on optical characteristics of WSPs and the incorporation of optical measures in monitoring and modelling of WSP performance

scholarly journals Characterizing phosphorus removal in passive waste stabilization ponds in Arctic communities

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan J. Schmidt ◽  
Colin M. Ragush ◽  
Wendy H. Krkosek ◽  
Graham A. Gagnon ◽  
Rob C. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Fractionation Analysis ◽  
Arctic Communities

A majority of communities in the Canadian territory of Nunavut rely on passive waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) for domestic wastewater treatment. Little research has been conducted on the treatment performance of these systems. Therefore, in response to impending federal wastewater regulations, a research program was conducted in order to characterize contaminant removal, with phosphorus a contaminant of particular concern. The performance of WSPs in the Arctic communities of Kugaaruk, Pond Inlet, Grise Fiord, and Clyde River was evaluated from 2011 to 2014. Removal of total phosphorus was highly variable, ranging from 24% (Pond Inlet, 2014) to 76% (Grise Fiord, 2011). The average removal efficiency was 44%. Effluent total phosphorus concentrations generally exceeded 7 mg P/L, partly due to elevated raw wastewater concentrations. Over the course of the treatment season (defined as June to September, when the WSP is thawed), limited additional total phosphorus removal was observed. A fractionation analysis of WSP sediments showed that organic phosphorus and phosphorus bound to aluminum and iron were the predominant forms, which provided insight into primary treatment mechanisms. Further studies on these mechanisms are needed in order to optimize Arctic WSP treatment.

The Everglades Nutrient Removal Project test cells: STA optimization - status of the research at the north site

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Majer Newman ◽  
T. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
The North ◽  
Test Cells ◽  
Oligotrophic Ecosystem

The Everglades is an oligotrophic ecosystem that is being adversely impacted by hydrologic changes and nutrient-rich runoff generated from urban and agricultural sources. The Stormwater Treatment Area (STA) Optimization Research and Monitoring program is mandated by the 1994 Everglades Forever Act and will assist the South Florida Water Management District in developing operational strategies that maximize performance of emergent macrophyte STAs. The primary objective of this research is to examine how hydrologic conditions may influence STA performance. The study was conducted in 0.2 ha, shallow, fully lined test cells located within the perimeter of the Everglades Nutrient Removal Project. Experiments were designed to examine the effect of increased and decreased hydraulic loading rate (HLR) on wetland performance and to determine, if possible, the HLR at which STA treatment fails to reduce outflow total phosphorus concentration to the interim target of 50 μg-P/L. To date, two HLR experiments have been completed at the north site. Preliminary data indicated at all HLRs tested that particulate phosphorus and dissolved organic phosphorus ratios remained virtually unchanged from inflow to outflow. The dissolved organic and particulate compounds within these test cells are extremely recalcitrant, and are not easily assimilated within the system. High HLRs may not result in detention times long enough to mineralize these forms into easily assimilated inorganic compounds, resulting in mean TP concentrations greater than 50 μg-P/L.

Phosphorus release from sediments of a deep wastewater stabilization pond

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Ortuño ◽  
J. Sáez ◽  
M. Llorens ◽  
A. Soler
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Residual P ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Sediment Phosphorus

The fractional composition and potential mobility of particulate phosphorus was investigated in sediment from a deep wastewater stabilization pond. The predominant phosphorus fractions were Fe- and Al-bound P (NaOH-RP) and Residual-P (consisting mainly of organic P), which amounted to 35 and 34% of total phosphorus, respectively. A laboratory study was conducted to determine the influence of various environmental parameters (pH, redox conditions, biological activity and temperature) on phosphorus release from lagoon sediment. Phosphorus release was observed under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Anaerobic release was about 1.4-5 times greater than aerobic release. Phosphorus release was redox-sensitive and favoured by high pH values, up to 17.4% of total phosphorus being liberated anaerobically and at high pH. Biological activity favoured phosphorus release, since the amount released under non-sterile conditions exceeded that observed under sterile conditions. Sediment phosphorus was fractionated before and after the release experiments. The NaOH-RP fraction was sensitive to pH and redox environmental changes, and was readily released under reduced conditions and at high pH. The mobility of the Residual-P fraction was enhanced in incubations involving biological activity due to the decomposition of the organic matter in the sediments, and NaOH–nRP (organic phosphorus) decreased by up to 45% during the incubation of non-sterile suspensions.

Studies on Activity of Alkaline Phosphatase and Phosphorus Speciation in Sediments from Lake Hongfeng, China

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 412-415
Author(s):  
Jia Jun Deng ◽  
Cui Hong Jiang ◽  
Ji Wei Hu ◽  
Xiong Hui Wei ◽  
Xian Fei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
High Level

Environmentally significant activity of alkaline phosphatase (APA), phosphorus loading and its species were determined in 14 sediment samples from Lake Hongfeng, one of the key drinking-water sources in Guizhou Province, China. The results of this research indicates that APA presented a high level and notable fluctuations with spatial variations in sediments, ranging from 8.712×10-5 to 25.667×10-5 mol of p-nitrophenol g−1•h-1, and the average value of total phosphorus (TP) in sediments from the lake was 1129.81 mg/kg (dry weight). The content of inorganic phosphorus (IP) was higher than that of organic phosphorus (OP), and the content of the iron/aluminum-bound phosphorus (Fe/Al-P) with phosphorus release risk was also high. In addition, the Pearson’s correlation analysis shows various correlations between APA and Ca-P, Fe/Al-P, OP and IP.

Microalgal luxury uptake of phosphorus in waste stabilization ponds – frequency of occurrence and high performing genera

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Crimp ◽  
N. Brown ◽  
A. Shilton
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization

Abstract Microalgae commonly found in waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) are able to accumulate elevated phosphorus levels within their cells in a process known as luxury uptake. However, there are few studies focused on luxury uptake in full scale WSPs. In order to comprehensively quantify the occurrence of this phenomenon, eight different WSP sites comprising seven primary facultative, six maturation and two high rate algal ponds (HRAPs) spread over several climatic regions were monitored over four seasons. Of the 15 ponds studied, 13 of these exhibited elevated levels of biomass phosphorus content at some point; however, the occurrence in HRAPs was limited. More than half of the samples tested had elevated phosphorus contents and this occurred in all climatic zones surveyed. The phosphorus content of the biomass was significantly correlated to decreasing rainfall and increasing total dissolved phosphorus. Microscopic analysis revealed that nearly all the 17 microalgal and five cyanobacterial genera identified performed luxury uptake, but at varying frequencies. This is the first time that the genera of algae responsible for luxury uptake in full scale WSPs has been studied. Chlamydomonas/Cryptomonas, Micractinium/Microcystis and Scenedesmus were the only microalgal genera found to both commonly occur in WSPs and consistently perform luxury uptake.

The effects of organic and inorganic phosphorus concentration on the acid phosphatase activity of ectomycorrhizal fungi

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 750-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn J. Kroehler ◽  
Robert K. Antibus ◽  
Arthur E. Linkins
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Cenococcum Geophilum ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Substrate Hydrolysis

Kinetic constants (Km and Vmax) were determined for surface and extracellular soluble acid phosphatases produced by two ectomycorrhizal fungi (Cenococcum geophilum Fr. and Entoloma sericeum (Bull, ex Merat) Quel.) grown in axenic culture at 2 or 50 μM KH2PO4 or sodium inositol hexaphosphate. Results for cultures supplied inorganic phosphorus were similar to those supplied organic phosphorus: surface Vmax estimates were significantly greater for 2 than for 50 μM grown isolates. The presence of constitutive extracellular soluble phosphatase activity resulted in the appearance of inorganic phosphate in media initially supplied with organic phosphorus, suggesting substrate hydrolysis in excess of phosphate uptake. No consistent relationship was found between apparent Km estimates and phosphorus treatments. The two species had surface phosphatase Vmax values differing by as much as two orders of magnitude. The magnitude of the response to phosphorus treatment differed among isolates. The response of phosphatases to changes in phosphorus at concentrations comparable with soil solution phosphorus supports the hypothesis that levels of available soil phosphorus may control ectomycorrhizal phosphatase production or activation.

Phosphorus Speciation in Sediments from Lakes Baihua and Aha with a Typical Karstic Environment, China

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Hong Jiang ◽  
Jia Jun Deng ◽  
Ji Wei Hu ◽  
Xian Fei Huang ◽  
Cun Xiong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Phosphorus Speciation ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Release Potential ◽  
Karstic Environment

This paper reports a study on distribution characteristics of phosphorus and its species in 20 sediments samples from Lakes Baihua and Aha, based on the technique of sequential extraction. Baihua and Aha, two man-made reservoirs, are key drinking-water sources. The results, compatible with local geophysical characteristics, indicate that in sediments from both lakes, the concentrations of inorganic phosphorus (IP) were higher than those of organic phosphorus (OP), and the IP consisted mainly of calcium-bound phosphorus (Ca-P), which may temporarily control phosphorus release. Moreover, the concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) in both lakes sediments were high, thus phosphorus release potential and bioavailability were highly significant. Further statistical analyses revealed significant correlations with two extractable principal components allowing interpretation of possible origins of phosphorus loadings. Furthermore, available remediation measures were briefly evaluated for both lakes in consideration of their distinctive environmental features.

scholarly journals Spatial Variations in the Abundance and Chemical Speciation of Phosphorus across the River–Sea Interface in the Northern Beibu Gulf

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
Zhen-Jun Kang ◽  
Dong-Liang Lu ◽  
Solomon Dan ◽  
Zhi-Ming Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Beibu Gulf ◽  
Phosphorus Species ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus

Water samples were collected to measure dissolved and particulate phosphorus species in order to examine the dynamics of phosphorus in the water column across the river–sea interface from the lower Dafengjiang River to the open Beibu Gulf. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentrations were as high as 0.90 ± 0.42 μM in river water but decreased dramatically to as low as 0.02 ± 0.01 μM in open coastal waters. Total dissolved phosphorus was largely measured in the form of dissolved inorganic phosphorus in river waters (58% ± 18%), whereas dissolved organic phosphorus became the predominant species (>90% on average) in open coastal waters. Total dissolved phosphorus was the dominant species, comprising 76% ± 16% of the total phosphorus, while total particulate phosphorus only comprised 24% ± 16% of the total phosphorus pool. Riverine inputs, physical and biological processes, and particulate phosphorus regeneration were the dominant factors responsible for the dynamic variations of phosphorus species in the study area. Based on a two-end-member mixing model, the biological uptake resulted in a dissolved inorganic phosphorus depletion of 0.12 ± 0.08 μM in the coastal surface water, whereas the replenishment of dissolved inorganic phosphorus in the lower river from particle P regeneration and release resulted in an increase (0.19 ± 0.22 μM) of dissolved inorganic phosphorus in the estuarine mixing region. The molar ratios of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to dissolved inorganic phosphorus and dissolved silicate to dissolved inorganic phosphorus in the open surface waters were >22, suggesting that, although the lower Dafengjiang River contained elevated concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus, the northern Beibu Gulf was an overall P-limited coastal ecosystem.

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