scholarly journals Spatial Variations in the Abundance and Chemical Speciation of Phosphorus across the River–Sea Interface in the Northern Beibu Gulf

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
Zhen-Jun Kang ◽  
Dong-Liang Lu ◽  
Solomon Dan ◽  
Zhi-Ming Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Beibu Gulf ◽  
Phosphorus Species ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus

Water samples were collected to measure dissolved and particulate phosphorus species in order to examine the dynamics of phosphorus in the water column across the river–sea interface from the lower Dafengjiang River to the open Beibu Gulf. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentrations were as high as 0.90 ± 0.42 μM in river water but decreased dramatically to as low as 0.02 ± 0.01 μM in open coastal waters. Total dissolved phosphorus was largely measured in the form of dissolved inorganic phosphorus in river waters (58% ± 18%), whereas dissolved organic phosphorus became the predominant species (>90% on average) in open coastal waters. Total dissolved phosphorus was the dominant species, comprising 76% ± 16% of the total phosphorus, while total particulate phosphorus only comprised 24% ± 16% of the total phosphorus pool. Riverine inputs, physical and biological processes, and particulate phosphorus regeneration were the dominant factors responsible for the dynamic variations of phosphorus species in the study area. Based on a two-end-member mixing model, the biological uptake resulted in a dissolved inorganic phosphorus depletion of 0.12 ± 0.08 μM in the coastal surface water, whereas the replenishment of dissolved inorganic phosphorus in the lower river from particle P regeneration and release resulted in an increase (0.19 ± 0.22 μM) of dissolved inorganic phosphorus in the estuarine mixing region. The molar ratios of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to dissolved inorganic phosphorus and dissolved silicate to dissolved inorganic phosphorus in the open surface waters were >22, suggesting that, although the lower Dafengjiang River contained elevated concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus, the northern Beibu Gulf was an overall P-limited coastal ecosystem.

scholarly journals Phosphorus dynamics in the water of tropical semiarid reservoirs in a prolonged drought period

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herika Cavalcante ◽  
Fabiana Araújo ◽  
Vanessa Becker
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Dynamics ◽  
Prolonged Drought

Abstract Aim To verify the vertical distribution of phosphorus in the water and to identify the predominant forms of P in the water column for understand the phosphorus dynamics in tropical semiarid reservoirs during a prolonged drought period. Methods Two reservoirs from the semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte were analysed during the period from May 2015 to June 2016. Were analysed: Suspended solids (SS), chlorophyll a (Chl-a), dissolved oxygen (OD) and temperature. Vertical profiles were plotted for total phosphorus (PT), total dissolved phosphorus (PTD), particulate phosphorus (PP), dissolved organic phosphorus (POD) and soluble reactive phosphorus (FRS). Results The phosphorus values distributed in the water column were high for both reservoirs, presenting the highest values during the periods with lower depth. Gargalheiras presented greater predominance of PT and PP, while Cruzeta had the highest values of FRS. Chl-a and SS values were also consistent with phosphorus values: Chl-a was higher in Gargalheiras, while SS, mainly inorganic, were higher in Cruzeta. Gargalheiras presented anoxic conditions close to the sediment from May 2015 to December 2015, which may induce the release of phosphorus from the sediment to the water column. Values that are too high during the shallower months, especially in Cruzeta, may have been influenced by the release of P from sediment through wind resuspension. Conclusions The amounts and predominant types of phosphorus in the water column are of great importance to understand the phosphorus dynamics and will support restoration plans for the studied environments. In this study it was possible to verify that the reservoirs are susceptible to the release of P from the sediment due to the environmental conditions, mainly low depths, resuspension of the wind and anoxia in the hypolimnion.

scholarly journals Distributions and stoichiometry of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in the iron-fertilized region near Kerguelen (Southern Ocean)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Blain ◽  
J. Capparos ◽  
A. Guéneuguès ◽  
I. Obernosterer ◽  
L. Oriol
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Polar Front ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Species ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Total Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Preferential Uptake

Abstract. During KEOPS2 (Kerguelen Ocean and Plateau Compared Study 2), we determined dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen and phosphorus species in the naturally fertilized region of Kerguelen Island (Southern Ocean). Above 150 m, stations were clearly separated by the polar front (PF), with concentrations of NO3-, NO2- and PO43- overall lower north of the PF than south. Though less pronounced, a similar trend was detectable for dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). At all stations offshore and above the plateau, a subsurface maximum of NH4+ was observed between 50 and 150 m. We examined nutrient stoichiometry by calculating the linear combination N* = [NO3-]-16 [PO43-]. The majority of stations and depths revealed N* close to −3 μM; however, for surface waters north of the PF, N* increased up to 6 μM. This suggests a preferential uptake of PO43- versus NO3- by fast-growing diatoms. Using the tracer TNxs = [TDN]-16[TDP] (TDN, total dissolved nitrogen; TDP, total dissolved phosphorus) revealed that the dissolved organic fraction significantly contributed to changes in TNxs. TNxs values were negative for most stations and depths, and relatively constant in the 0–500 m layer. As for N*, the stations north of the PF had higher TNxs in the 0–100 m layer. We discuss this stoichiometric anomaly with respect to possible external sources and sinks of N and P. Additional data collected in February 2013 at two sites revealed the occurrence of a subsurface minimum of N* located just below the pycnocline, which denotes a layer where remineralization of particulate organic matter with low N : P ratio P, possibly associated with preferential remineralization of P versus N, persists throughout the season.

Bioavailability of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Phosphorus

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarit Priha
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
The Stability

The aim of this study was to examine the stability and bioavailability of different phosphorus fractions of pulp and paper mill effluents in order to assess the environmental benefits of reducing their phosphorus discharges. Two types of effluent were studied: activated sludge treated bleached kraft mill effluent and activated sludge treated paper mill effluent. Phosphorus was characterized on the basis of its solubility and chemical reactivity. The stability of particulate phosphorus was studied in long-term (6-8 weeks) degradation tests. The bioavailability of different phosphorus fractions was measured by algal growth potential tests. In bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) the proportion of dissolved phosphorus in relation to the total phosphorus was on an average 80%, and of this, approximately 80-90% was reactive phosphorus. During a 6-8 week incubation period some 60-70% of the particulate phosphorus in BKME was dissolved as soluble phosphorus, and most of it was of the reactive type. Approximately 90% of the dissolved phosphorus and 45% of the particulate phosphorus in BKME was biologically available phosphorus (BAP). Altogether some 80% of the total phosphorus in activated sludge treated BKME was available for algae either immediately or after inherent degradation. The percentages of dissolved and particulate phosphorus of paper mill effluent (PME) total phosphorus were of the same order of magnitude as those of BKME, but less than 20% of the dissolved phosphorus was of the reactive type. Approximately 50-60% of the particulate phosphorus in PME was dissolved in degradation tests, and 90% of it was biologically available.

Phosphorus release from sediments of a deep wastewater stabilization pond

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Ortuño ◽  
J. Sáez ◽  
M. Llorens ◽  
A. Soler
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Residual P ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Sediment Phosphorus

The fractional composition and potential mobility of particulate phosphorus was investigated in sediment from a deep wastewater stabilization pond. The predominant phosphorus fractions were Fe- and Al-bound P (NaOH-RP) and Residual-P (consisting mainly of organic P), which amounted to 35 and 34% of total phosphorus, respectively. A laboratory study was conducted to determine the influence of various environmental parameters (pH, redox conditions, biological activity and temperature) on phosphorus release from lagoon sediment. Phosphorus release was observed under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Anaerobic release was about 1.4-5 times greater than aerobic release. Phosphorus release was redox-sensitive and favoured by high pH values, up to 17.4% of total phosphorus being liberated anaerobically and at high pH. Biological activity favoured phosphorus release, since the amount released under non-sterile conditions exceeded that observed under sterile conditions. Sediment phosphorus was fractionated before and after the release experiments. The NaOH-RP fraction was sensitive to pH and redox environmental changes, and was readily released under reduced conditions and at high pH. The mobility of the Residual-P fraction was enhanced in incubations involving biological activity due to the decomposition of the organic matter in the sediments, and NaOH–nRP (organic phosphorus) decreased by up to 45% during the incubation of non-sterile suspensions.

Influence of substrate depth and particle size on phosphorus removal in a surface flow constructed wetland

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 2291-2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Lijuan ◽  
Li Wei ◽  
Zhou Jian ◽  
Zhang Yan ◽  
Zhang Manyin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption

Substrate adsorption is one of the main processes by which redundant phosphorus is removed from wastewater in surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs). The physical properties of the substrate, such as depth and particle size, will influence the amount of phosphorus adsorption. This study was carried out in a long-running intermittent inflow constructed wetland that covered a total area of 940.4 m2 in the Shunyi District of Beijing, China. We investigated how the concentrations of four phosphorus fractions, namely calcium phosphate (CaP), iron phosphate (FeP), adsorbed phosphorus (AdsP), and organic phosphorus (OP), varied between the surface (0–10 cm) and subsurface (10–20 cm) substrate and among the different substrate particle sizes. The total phosphorus concentrations in the substrate ranged from 154.97 to 194.69 mg/kg; CaP accounted for more than 80% of the total phosphorus content. The concentrations of OP were significantly higher in the surface layer than in the subsurface layer, but the concentrations of inorganic phosphorus were not significantly different between the two layers. The CaP, AdsP, and OP adsorption capacities were greater for small-sized substrate particles than for large-sized substrate particles. The results from this study provide a theoretical basis for the construction of constructed wetlands.

The effects of phytase supplementation on nutrient digestibility, plasma parameters, performance and carcass traits of pigs fed diets based on low-phytate barley without inorganic phosphorus

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
B. G. Rossnagel ◽  
V. Raboy
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Phytate Phosphorus ◽  
Fecal Phosphorus

A total of 80 crossbred pigs (25.5 ± 2.6 kg) were assigned to one of eight dietary treatments. A positive control, based on Harrington barley, was formulated to meet requirements for total phosphorus. Three experimental diets (low in total phosphorus) were formulated based on either Harrington barley (0.28% phytate phosphorus) or the low phytate genotypes LP422 (0.14% phytate phosphorus) and LP 635 (0.09% phytate phosphorus). The four diets were fed with and without 1000 FTU kg-1 phytase. Calcium and phosphorus digestibility were significantly higher (P < 0.05) as a result of supplementation with phytase. For the barley diets formulated without dicalcium phosphate, calcium digestibility averaged 69.6, 73.3 and 72.2% while phosphorus digestibility averaged 36.5, 50.5 and 57.7% for pigs fed the Harrington, LP 422 and LP 635 diets, respectively. The addition of phytase to the diet consistently reduced the percentage of phosphorus excreted in feces and fecal phosphorus excretion declined as the level of phytate in the barley declined. The addition of phytase tended to improve weight gain (P < 0.10) and significantly improved feed conversion (P < 0.05). For pigs fed the barley diets formulated without dicalcium phosphate, daily gain averaged 0.90, 0.99 and 1.01 kg d-1 while feed conversion averaged 2.70, 2.39 and 2.38 for the Harrington, LP 422 and LP 635 diets, respectively. The overall results of this experiment indicate that the performance of pigs fed diets containing low-phytate barley formulated without a source of inorganic phosphorus is at least equal to that of pigs fed diets containing normal-phytate barley and inorganic phosphorus. In addition, the increased availability of organic phosphorus reduced the amount of phosphorus excreted thus reducing the amount of phosphorus that can potentially pollute the environment. Key words: Low phytate barley, phytase, pigs, performance, digestibility

Sheep faeces in relation to the phosphorus cycle under pastures

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Bromfield
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Phosphorus Cycle ◽  
Soil Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Pot Culture

Faeces from sheep grazing naturalDanthonia pastures and improved subterranean clover pastures have been analysed for total phosphorus and inorganic phosphate over a period of 2 years. Both total and inorganic phosphorus contents (milligrams P per gram) varied widely with type of pasture and with season. The variation in organic phosphorus content (by difference) remained, relative to total phosphorus, fairly constant throughout. Total phosphorus content varied from 1.8 to 17 mg P/g whilst organic phosphorus varied from 1.5 to 4.0 mg P/g. Sheep grazing the improved pastures voided approximately 2.5–3 lb P as inorganic phosphate and 0.5–0.75 lb P as organic phosphorus per sheep per year. The inorganic phosphate was readily soluble in acid but not in water and was readily available to wheat grown in pot culture. The organic phosphorus was not readily available to plants and was not rapidly mineralized to inorganic phosphate. The contribution faecal phosphorus makes to the nutrition of pastures and to the reserve of soil organic phosphorus is briefly discussed.

THE USE OF 8-HYDROXY QUINOLINE (OXINE) IN THE EXTRACTION OF SOIL ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Boswall ◽  
W. A. Delong
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Soil Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Hydroxy Quinoline ◽  
Water Ratio

A mild laboratory procedure, employing oxine in a water-benzene system, for the release of organic phosphorus from two unimproved pasture soils differing widely in total phosphorus, ratio of organic to inorganic phosphorus, pH, calcium content and clay content, is described.Data are presented showing the influence of the following factors on the amount of phosphorus released: soil to water ratio, the pH of the extraction medium, and the soil pretreatments. Under the more favourable conditions the two soils released 75 and 86 per cent of their total organic phosphorus respectively.

scholarly journals Responses of Free-Living Vibrio Community to Seasonal Environmental Variation in a Subtropical Inland Bay

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Chen ◽  
Huaxian Zhao ◽  
Gonglingxia Jiang ◽  
Jinli Tang ◽  
Qiangsheng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Beibu Gulf ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Total Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Filtering Effect

Vibrio are widely distributed in aquatic environments and strongly associated with eutrophic environments and human health through the consumption of contaminated seafood. However, the response of the Vibrio community to seasonal variation in eutrophic environments is poorly understood. In this study, we used a Vibrio-specific 16S rRNA sequencing approach to reveal the seasonal distribution pattern and diversity of the Vibrio community in the Maowei Sea, Beibu Gulf of China. The Shannon diversity of the Vibrio community was highest in the summer, while β-diversity analysis showed that Vibrio community structures were significantly different between seasons. Distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) and Mantel test analysis suggested that total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), salinity, and temperature were the key environmental factors shaping the Vibrio community structure, indicating a strong filtering effect of trophic condition on Vibrio communities. Furthermore, through random forest analysis, V. fluvialis, V. alginolyticus, V. proteolyticus, V. splendidus, and the other eight Vibrio species were more sensitive to eutrophic changes. This study revealed seasonal changes in Vibrio communities and the influence of environmental variation on Vibrio community composition, contributing to a better understanding of their potential ecological roles in a subtropical inland bay.

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