Enhancement of integrated water management and water reuse in Europe and the Middle East

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lazarova ◽  
G. Cirelli ◽  
P. Jeffrey ◽  
M. Salgot ◽  
N. Icekson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Alternative Water

Municipal wastewater reuse, reclamation and recycling are essential to the development of sound water and environment management policies. In arid and semi-arid regions, wastewater reuse is a vital component of their development ensuring alternative water resources, sustainability, reduction of the environmental pollution and health protection. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the role of wastewater reuse in thedevelopment of new integrated resource management strategy in Europe and the Middle East.

scholarly journals Membrane-Based Processes Used in Municipal Wastewater Treatment for Water Reuse: State-Of-The-Art and Performance Analysis

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Yang ◽  
Mathias Monnot ◽  
Lionel Ercolei ◽  
Philippe Moulin
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Alternative Water

Wastewater reuse as a sustainable, reliable and energy recovery concept is a promising approach to alleviate worldwide water scarcity. However, the water reuse market needs to be developed with long-term efforts because only less than 4% of the total wastewater worldwide has been treated for water reuse at present. In addition, the reclaimed water should fulfill the criteria of health safety, appearance, environmental acceptance and economic feasibility based on their local water reuse guidelines. Moreover, municipal wastewater as an alternative water resource for non-potable or potable reuse, has been widely treated by various membrane-based treatment processes for reuse applications. By collecting lab-scale and pilot-scale reuse cases as much as possible, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the membrane-based treatment processes, mainly focused on the hydraulic filtration performance, contaminants removal capacity, reuse purpose, fouling resistance potential, resource recovery and energy consumption. The advances and limitations of different membrane-based processes alone or coupled with other possible processes such as disinfection processes and advanced oxidation processes, are also highlighted. Challenges still facing membrane-based technologies for water reuse applications, including institutional barriers, financial allocation and public perception, are stated as areas in need of further research and development.

Role of water reuse for enhancing integrated water management in Europe and Mediterranean countries

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lazarova ◽  
B. Levine ◽  
J. Sack ◽  
G. Cirelli ◽  
P. Jeffrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Alternative Water

Recycling water is an important aspect of water resource and environment management policies, ensuring reliable alternative water resources, reducing environmental pollution and achieving a more sustainable form of development. This paper focuses on wastewater reuse as a strategy for integrated water management. Key economic, financial, regulatory, social and technical factors that help to make water reuse projects successful are reviewed. Selected examples from Northern and Western Europe and arid and semi-arid Mediterranean regions illustrate the contribution of wastewater reuse to integrated management of water resources.

The role of membrane technology in sustainable decentralized wastewater systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Fane ◽  
S.A. Fane
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sustainable Urban Water Management

Decentralized wastewater treatment has the potential to provide sanitation that meets criteria for sustainable urban water management in a manner that is less resource intensive and more cost effective than centralized approaches. It can facilitate water reuse and nutrient recovery and can potentially reduce the ecological risks of wastewater system failure and the community health risk in a wastewater reuse scheme. This paper examines the potential role of membrane technology in sustainable decentralized sanitation. It is argued that the combination of membrane technology within decentralized systems can satisfy many of the criteria for sustainable urban water management. In particular, the role of membranes as a dependable barrier in the wastewater treatment process can increase system reliability as well as lowering the latent risks due to wastewater reuse. The modular nature of membranes will allow plant size to range from single dwellings, through clusters to suburb size. It is concluded that realization of the potential for membrane-based technologies in decentralized wastewater treatment will require some progress both technically and institutionally. The areas where advances are necessary are outlined.

Water Recycling Systems

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 1393-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
R D Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Unit Process ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Recycling Systems ◽  
Water District

Water recycling systems implies the initial treatment requirements for various water reuse schemes including unit process descriptions, performance and cost data. Several volumes of text are required for adequate coverage of the above subject and this paper will only attempt to highlight important areas, provide guidelines and give needed direction. Cost functions of one important U.S. Research/ Demonstration Facility (Water Factory 21) are given in more detail. Much of the data has been summarized from four important publications shown below and the reader seeking additional information is encouraged to examine these in detail.1.Water Reuse and Recycling - Volume 2 - Evaluation of Treactment Technology, 1979, U.S. Office of Water Research & Technology (OWRT). Report by Culp/Wesner/Culp Engineers, NTIS #PB 80-131469.2.Guidelines for Water Reuse, August 1980, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Report by Camp Dresser & McKee Engineers, NTIS #PB 81-105017.3.Evaluation of, Membrane. Processes and Their Role in Wastewater Reclamation, 1981. OWRT sponsored report by Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, California, USA.4.Municipal Wastewater Reuse News. OWRT sponsored monthly newsletter by AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, Colorado, USA.

Water reuse in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – status, prospects and research needs

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 926-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg E. Drewes ◽  
C. Patricio Roa Garduño ◽  
Gary L. Amy
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Artificial Recharge ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Desalination Plants

Saudi Arabia is one of the driest countries in the world. While desalination plants currently installed in the country represent 30% of the world's desalination capacity, seawater desalination alone will not be able to provide sufficient supplies to meet the increasing freshwater demand. However, with only 9% of the total municipal wastewater generated currently being reused, the kingdom is projected as the third largest reuse market after China and the USA, and reuse capacities are projected to increase by 800% by 2016. This projected growth and the change in water portfolios offer tremendous opportunities to integrate novel approaches of water reclamation and reuse. This paper highlights the current status of reuse in the kingdom, discusses prospects of using distributed infrastructure for reuse tailored to local needs as well as the use of artificial recharge and recovery systems for reclaimed water. It also suggests research needs to helping overcoming barriers for wastewater reuse.

Reclaimed municipal wastewater - a potential water resource in China

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Pinjing ◽  
L. Phan ◽  
Gu Guowei ◽  
G. Hervouet
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Resource Shortage

Due to water resource shortage and socio-economic development within twenty years, China faces serious problems of water supply and water pollution. Several criteria and suitable reclamation processes related to water reuse have been created in China, which are helpful to improve the situation of water scarcity. In the future, reclaimed municipal wastewater reuse will mainly be developed for urban and industrial use. Potential supply quantity of reclaimed water, quality of reclaimed water, and reclamation cost are favorable to potential reuses. Based on further public environmental education, on a relevant development of national and local standards for reclaimed water quality, and on an increase of sanitary rate, more and more planned reclaimed water reuse projects would be expected in China.

Evaluation of Industrial Cooling Systems Using Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Asano ◽  
Rafael Mujeriego ◽  
Judith Dickson Parker
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Makeup Water ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Evaporative Cooling Tower ◽  
Treatment Alternatives

Evaluation of industrial cooling systems using reclaimed municipal wastewater was made. For an industry, three major conditions which can dictate considerations of water reuse for industrial cooling systems are: 1) scarcity of freshwater supplies, 2) public policy which encourages wastewater reuse, and 3) lower costs than those incurred with freshwater supplies. Several external treatment alternatives are available for the recirculating, evaporative cooling tower operation using reclaimed municipal wastewater (lime clarification, alum precipitation, and/or ion exchange). Internal chemical treatment of cooling tower makeup water is a component common to both freshwater and reclaimed water supplies. In spite of the higher costs of industrial cooling systems using reclaimed municipal wastewater, several conditions encouraging adaptation of wastewater reuse systems for cooling were identified and discussed.

The Role of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse in the USA

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 2049-2059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Asano ◽  
George Tchobanoglous
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse

IAWPRC's Specialist Group on Wastewater Reclamation, Recycling and Reuse (Water Reuse Group) is conducting a day-long Water Reuse Seminar on August 1, 1990 at the 15th Biennial Conference in Kyoto, Japan. This paper is prepared to review the role of wastewater reclamation and reuse in water resources management in the U.S.A., and to serve as an introduction to the theme for the Seminar. Following a brief summary of available water resources in the United States, the role of wastewater reclamation and reuse is discussed in terms of planning and implementation. Major wastewater reuse categories are identified and discussed. The emphasis of this paper is on wastewater reuse in the context of the water supply benefits to water resources management rather than on water pollution control measures. The overriding importance in wastewater reclamation and reuse is to protect public health and to mitigate health risks. Accordingly, wastewater reclamation criteria for health protection are also presented.

scholarly journals Synthetic organic polymer fouling in municipal wastewater reuse reverse osmosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ekowati ◽  
M. Msuya ◽  
S. G. Salinas Rodriguez ◽  
G. Veenendaal ◽  
J. C. Schippers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Cationic Polymers ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Modified Fouling Index

A full scale waste water reuse plant suffered from irreversible fouling of the reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The major suspect of fouling is cationic organic polymers applied in the wastewater sludge treatment. Thus, the purpose of this research is to study the effect of six cationic polymers, applied in the plant, on RO membrane performance. The filtration and adsorption experiments with 4 mg C/L polymer solutions were performed in laboratory RO set ups for 5–7 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to analyze polymers. Fouling prediction was calculated with Modified Fouling Index-ultrafiltration (MFI-UF) constant flux values. A flux decline of 30–50% was observed after filtration experiments. In adsorption experiments, the resistance increased from 6 to 35%. The MFI-UF results showed the rate of fouling was around 1 bar/month. The base-acid cleaning was able to reduce the resistance of the fouled membrane with irreversible fouling resistance, 6–7%. SEM images showed that the fouling layer after cleaning did not appear in the membrane. The FTIR spectra of the membrane after cleaning were similar to virgin membrane. However, several adsorption peaks on the membrane after cleaning were not restored to the initial state.

scholarly journals Perspective on Land Treatment and Wastewater Reuse for Agriculture in the Western United States

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1822
Author(s):  
Ron Crites ◽  
Robert Beggs ◽  
Harold Leverenz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Recycled Water

The practice of irrigation with municipal wastewater has evolved from avoidance of surface water pollution to beneficial reuse of water and nutrients for crop production. The ability of the soil to filter out pollutants and pathogens has been documented, such that groundwater quality is not degraded where recycled water to irrigate crops used for human consumption. The example of successful practice of the Castroville project in Monterey County, California illustrates safe reuse of recycled water for crop growth, marketing of crops grown into the fresh produce market, and groundwater protection. Impediments to the future more widespread reuse of recycled water for agricultural irrigation are also discussed. Many of the same technological advancements that have supported the development of modern agricultural water reuse projects have also improved the feasibility of various competing urban water reuse applications. The effects from increasing water scarcity has also had an impact on the quality and quantity of water available for agricultural water reuse projects. The historical practice of developing centralized and regional wastewater treatment facilities near a suitable surface water discharge location may need to be modified for better consideration of agricultural irrigation in integrated water resources planning.

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