Ozonation of haloacetic acid precursor using phenol as a model compound: effect of ozonation by-products

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Oh ◽  
K.S. Kim ◽  
J.W. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Model Compound ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Oh Radical ◽  
Complete Oxidation ◽  
Formation Pattern ◽  
Secondary Oxidant ◽  
Compound Effect ◽  
By Products ◽  
Acid Precursor

The formation pattern of haloacetic acids (HAAs) was investigated using phenol as a model precursor of HAAs, and the oxidation by-products formed from phenol ozonation, such as hydroquinone, catechol, glyoxal, glyoxylic acid and oxalic acid, were also chlorinated to measure the HAAs formation potential (HAAFP). Of these, phenol showed the highest reactivity with chlorine, yielding the most HAAFP. Even though HAAFP of the tested by-products was lower than that of phenol, it was confirmed that all by-products can act as the precursor of HAAs. Regarding the ozonation of phenol-containing water, the efficiency of ozone in controlling HAAs can be reduced by the formation of oxidation by-products. When comparing conditions for pH 7 and 3, the ozonation for pH 7 was more effective in removing the overall HAA precursors than the ozonation for pH 3. This result was attributed to complete oxidation by the production of the secondary oxidant, such as the OH radical (OH·) from ozone decay, and ionization of phenol.

scholarly journals Formation of DBPs in the drinking eater of Athens, Greece: a Ten-Year study

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-118
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
By Products ◽  
The Eu

The formation of Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) in drinking water results from the reaction of chlorine or other disinfectants added to the water with naturally occurring organic materials, and has raised concerns during the last decades because these compounds are harmful for human health. During the present work, the formation of different categories of DBPs was investigated in four water treatment plants (WTP) using chlorine as disinfectant, and in selected points of the distribution network of Athens, Greece, which is supplied from these four WTP, during a period of ten years. The concentrations of DBPs were generally low and the annual mean concentrations always well below the regulatory limit of the European Union (EU) for the total trihalomethanes (TTHMs). The haloacetic acids (HAAs) have not been regulated in the EU, but during this investigation they often occurred in significant levels, sometimes exceeding the levels of TTHMs, which highlights the importance of their monitoring in drinking water. Apart from THMs and HAAs, several other DBPs species were detected at much lower concentrations in the chlorinated waters: chloral hydrate, haloketones and, in a limited number of cases, haloacetonitriles.

Variations of DBPs precursors according to location within the distribution system

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-421
Author(s):  
C. Beaulieu ◽  
M. J. Rodriguez ◽  
J.-B. Sérodes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

Little information is available on the evolution of remaining organic matter (ROM) in a water distribution system (WDS) and its impact on the generation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). This research involves the characterization, through sample fractionation processes and experimental chlorination tests, of the reactivity of DBP precursors occurring within a WDS. The study is based on samples collected in various locations of a WDS during a complete year. For each sample, six fractions were generated to determine their potential for formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Fractionation processes on ROM demonstrated that the spatial behavior of precursors for THMs differs from that for precursors of HAAs. In addition, experimental chlorination tests showed that the reactivity of the investigated fractions, in terms of DBP formation potential (DBPfp), was different from each other according to location in the WDS. DBPfp for the studied fractions changed drastically during water treatment. However, changes of DBPfp for fractions were relatively low between the beginning and the extremity of the distribution system. Since the results of this research confirm that the ability to produce DBPs is related to the nature of the fractions, they could be useful to evaluate the impact of re-chlorination on DBP formation in a WDS.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of six haloacetic acids in drinking water

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walt Bayless ◽  
Robert C. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Monobromoacetic Acid ◽  
By Products

Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are produced by the reaction of chlorine with natural organic matter and are regulated disinfection by-products of health concern. Biofilms in drinking water distribution systems and in filter beds have been associated with the removal of some HAAs, however the removal of all six routinely monitored species (HAA6) has not been previously reported. In this study, bench-scale glass bead columns were used to investigate the ability of a drinking water biofilm to degrade HAA6. Monochloroacetic acid (MCAA) and monobromoacetic acid (MBAA) were the most readily degraded of the halogenated acetic acids. Trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) was not removed biologically when examined at a 90% confidence level. In general, di-halogenated species were removed to a lesser extent than the mono-halogenated compounds. The order of biodegradability by the biofilm was found to be monobromo > monochloro > bromochloro > dichloro > dibromo > trichloroacetic acid.

scholarly journals Evaluation of DBPs formation from SMPs exposed to chlorine, chloramine and ozone

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Zhang ◽  
Qiming Xian ◽  
Jian Lu ◽  
Tingting Gong ◽  
Aimin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Chlorinated Solvents ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Soluble Microbial Products ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Microbial Products ◽  
By Products

Soluble microbial products (SMPs) are an important group of components in wastewater effluents. In this study, the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), including trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), chlorinated solvents (CSs), haloketones (HKs), haloacetonitriles (HANs) and trichloronitromethane (TCNM) (chloropicrin), from SMPs during chlorination, chloramination and ozonation was investigated. More carbonaceous DBPs (C-DBPs: THMs, HAAs, CSs and HKs) and nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs: HANs and TCNM) were formed in chlorination than chloramination. More dichloroacetic and N-DBPs, and higher DBP formation potential were generated by SMPs than by natural organic matter. The results also show that disinfection factors, including temperature, pH, disinfectant dose, reaction time and bromide level significantly affected the formation of DBPs from SMPs. Additionally, the bromine incorporation factor indicates that chloramination may be a good alternative to chlorination in reducing the formation of Br-DBPs from SMPs. Bromide level and pH were the key factors affecting the formation of DBPs in both chlorination and chloramination.

scholarly journals Ozonation and Carbon-assisted Ozonation of Methylene Blue as Model Compound: Effect of Solution pH

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Zhang ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Shasha Zhang ◽  
Xingwen Zhang ◽  
Pingping Fan
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Compound Effect
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