Synthesis of photoisomeric azobenzene monomers and model compound effect on electric-optical properties in PDLC films

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Hsiang Liu ◽  
Fuh-Tsang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Compound Effect

scholarly journals Ozonation and Carbon-assisted Ozonation of Methylene Blue as Model Compound: Effect of Solution pH

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Zhang ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Shasha Zhang ◽  
Xingwen Zhang ◽  
Pingping Fan
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Compound Effect

Ozonation of haloacetic acid precursor using phenol as a model compound: effect of ozonation by-products

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Oh ◽  
K.S. Kim ◽  
J.W. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Model Compound ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Oh Radical ◽  
Complete Oxidation ◽  
Formation Pattern ◽  
Secondary Oxidant ◽  
Compound Effect ◽  
By Products ◽  
Acid Precursor

The formation pattern of haloacetic acids (HAAs) was investigated using phenol as a model precursor of HAAs, and the oxidation by-products formed from phenol ozonation, such as hydroquinone, catechol, glyoxal, glyoxylic acid and oxalic acid, were also chlorinated to measure the HAAs formation potential (HAAFP). Of these, phenol showed the highest reactivity with chlorine, yielding the most HAAFP. Even though HAAFP of the tested by-products was lower than that of phenol, it was confirmed that all by-products can act as the precursor of HAAs. Regarding the ozonation of phenol-containing water, the efficiency of ozone in controlling HAAs can be reduced by the formation of oxidation by-products. When comparing conditions for pH 7 and 3, the ozonation for pH 7 was more effective in removing the overall HAA precursors than the ozonation for pH 3. This result was attributed to complete oxidation by the production of the secondary oxidant, such as the OH radical (OH·) from ozone decay, and ionization of phenol.

Nonlinear Optical Properties of Ladder Polymers and Their Model Compound

1990 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson A. Jenekhe ◽  
Michael Roberts ◽  
Ashwini K. Agrawal ◽  
Jeffrey S. Meth ◽  
Herman Vanherzeele
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Third Harmonic Generation ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Properties ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Third Harmonic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ladder Polymers

ABSTRACTThe third order nonlinear optical properties of thin films of polybenzimidazobenzophenanthroline ladder (BBL) and semi–ladder (BBB) polymers and their model compound cis–BBB were investigated by picosecond, third harmonic generation. The χ(3) (−3ω, ω ω, ω) spectrum of BBL, BBB, and cis-BBB was obtained in the wavelength range 1.0–2.4µm and shown to exhibit a three–photon peak at respectively 1.695, 1.695, and 1.50 µm. The magnitude of the three–photon enhanced χ(3) was 6.40×10−11, 3.15×10−11, and 0.77×10−11 esu, respectively, for BBL, BBB, and cis–BBB. The results show that the χ(3) of BBL and BBB is enhanced by a factor of 50 and 17, respectively, relative to the model compound cis–BBB at 1.05µm.

the effects of resonance with Jupiter in the system of short-period comets

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
L̆ubor Kresák
Keyword(s):  
Structural Effects ◽  
Order Resonance ◽  
Mean Motion ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Compound Effect ◽  
Low Order

AbstractStructural effects of the resonance with the mean motion of Jupiter on the system of short-period comets are discussed. The distribution of mean motions, determined from sets of consecutive perihelion passages of all known periodic comets, reveals a number of gaps associated with low-order resonance; most pronounced are those corresponding to the simplest commensurabilities of 5/2, 2/1, 5/3, 3/2, 1/1 and 1/2. The formation of the gaps is explained by a compound effect of five possible types of behaviour of the comets set into an approximate resonance, ranging from quick passages through the gap to temporary librations avoiding closer approaches to Jupiter. In addition to the comets of almost asteroidal appearance, librating with small amplitudes around the lower resonance ratios (Marsden, 1970b), there is an interesting group of faint diffuse comets librating in characteristic periods of about 200 years, with large amplitudes of about±8% in μ and almost±180° in σ, around the 2/1 resonance gap. This transient type of motion appears to be nearly as frequent as a circulating motion with period of revolution of less than one half that of Jupiter. The temporary members of this group are characteristic not only by their appearance but also by rather peculiar discovery conditions.

Design of objective lens for 200-kV high-resolution electron microscopes

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
K. Tsuno ◽  
T. Honda ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
M. Naruse
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Axial Magnetic Field ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Correction Of Astigmatism ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Stage 1

Developement of computer technology provides much improvements on electron microscopy, such as simulation of images, reconstruction of images and automatic controll of microscopes (auto-focussing and auto-correction of astigmatism) and design of electron microscope lenses by using a finite element method (FEM). In this investigation, procedures for simulating the optical properties of objective lenses of HREM and the characteristics of the new lens for HREM at 200 kV are described.The process for designing the objective lens is divided into three stages. Stage 1 is the process for estimating the optical properties of the lens. Firstly, calculation by FEM is made for simulating the axial magnetic field distributions Bzc of the lens. Secondly, electron ray trajectory is numerically calculated by using Bzc. And lastly, using Bzc and ray trajectory, spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients Cs and Cc are numerically calculated. Above calculations are repeated by changing the shape of lens until! to find an optimum aberration coefficients.

Optical Properties of HVEM Accelerators

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
A. Strojnik ◽  
J.W. Scholl ◽  
V. Bevc
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Electron Accelerator ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Electron Source ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optical Behavior

The electron accelerator, as inserted between the electron source (injector) and the imaging column of the HVEM, is usually a strong lens and should be optimized in order to ensure high brightness over a wide range of accelerating voltages and illuminating conditions. This is especially true in the case of the STEM where the brightness directly determines the highest resolution attainable. In the past, the optical behavior of accelerators was usually determined for a particular configuration. During the development of the accelerator for the Arizona 1 MEV STEM, systematic investigation was made of the major optical properties for a variety of electrode configurations, number of stages N, accelerating voltages, 1 and 10 MEV, and a range of injection voltages ϕ0 = 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 kV).

Differential polarization imaging of sickled cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
Marcos F. Maestre
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Polarization Microscopy ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Polarization Imaging ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Microscopic Scale ◽  
Chiral Structures

Recently we have developed a form of polarization microscopy that forms images using optical properties that have previously been limited to macroscopic samples. This has given us a new window into the distribution of structure on a microscopic scale. We have coined the name differential polarization microscopy to identify the images obtained that are due to certain polarization dependent effects. Differential polarization microscopy has its origins in various spectroscopic techniques that have been used to study longer range structures in solution as well as solids. The differential scattering of circularly polarized light has been shown to be dependent on the long range chiral order, both theoretically and experimentally. The same theoretical approach was used to show that images due to differential scattering of circularly polarized light will give images dependent on chiral structures. With large helices (greater than the wavelength of light) the pitch and radius of the helix could be measured directly from these images.

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