Competitive removal of VOCs with GAC and BAC following advanced oxidation processes

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
S.H. Lee ◽  
Y.R. Kim ◽  
M.J. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Pseudomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Groundwater Systems ◽  
Simulated Groundwater ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Oxidation Efficiency

Studies have been conducted to remove trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA, TCA) as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using the combination of chemical oxidation, adsorption by granular activated carbon (GAC) and biological activated carbon (BAC) with a selected microbial consortium (SMC). The purposes of this research were to investigate the competitive removal of VOCs and to develop the most optimal process by using a pilot plant composed of three GAC columns and three BAC columns. Simulated groundwater systems were used not only to examine the competitive adsorption availability for VOCs on GAC and BAC but also to examine the oxidation efficiency using O3 alone and H2O2/O3. The microbial species isolated from the soil contaminated by VOCs were Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas maltophilia, Acinobacter calcoaceticus and Bacillus sphacricus. The results revealed that systems pre-treated by H2O2/O3 were more effective at removing VOCs than systems treated by ozone alone and non-pre-treated systems. The mixture of VOCs was removed in the order of PCE, TCE and TCA in GAC and BAC systems. Biological treatment alone was not effective at removing VOCs. However, pre-treatment of these chemicals by H2O2/O3 showed high removals. PCE and TCA were less effective than TCE at being oxidized by chemical oxidation and biodegradation.

New Biology for Advanced Wastewater Treatment

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Miserez ◽  
S. Philips ◽  
W. Verstraete
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Catabolic Potential ◽  
New Biology

A number of new technologies for the advanced treatment of wastewater have recently been developed. The oxidative cometabolic transformation by methanotrophs and by nitrifiers represent new approaches in relation to organic carbon. The Biological Activated Carbon Oxidative Filters characterized by thin biofilms are also promising in that respect. Moreover, implementing genetically modified organisms with improved catabolic potential in advanced water treatment comes into perspective. For very refractory effluents chemical support techniques, like e.g. strong chemical oxidation, can be lined up with advanced biology.

Biological Treatment of Groundwater in Basins with Floating Filters–I. Test Arrangements and General Results

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mälkki
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Boundary Surface ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Treatment Result ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Test Plants

The research project deals with biological treatment of groundwater, in particular, the removal of iron and manganese in basins equipped with, primarily, floating coarse-grained filters that constitute the pre-treatment unit. This unit, which complements the sand filter, is actually the principal treatment unit. In the “pre-treatment unit” water flows recurrently through the floating filter and through the boundary surface between air and water. This promotes chemical oxidation, creates favourable conditions for biological activity and accelerates the sedimentation of the precipitate on the bottom of the basins. In the pre-treatment unit the precipitation process for iron in the different test plants (7 plants) started effectively within 1 to 5 months, the reduction being 82-95%. For manganese the reduction was from 0 to 83 %. After the sand filtration unit iron was almost totally removed and at three test plants also the manganese reduction was at least 80%. At some of the plants the said time was not sufficient to get the precipitation process for manganese going. The groundwater treatment result is influenced, in addition to technical arrangements, in a decisive way by the physico-chemical and microbiological quality of the raw water.

pH and Mg/Ca control for biological treatment of an offensive flavour (2-MIB)

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
H. Sumitomo
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Carbon Filtration

From a series of experimental observations, it was found that removal rates of the offensive flavor 2-methyl-isoborneol(2-MIB) and ammonia by a biological treatment for water supply were rather unstable and that the removal rates of them often became reverse such as low removal in 2-MIB and high removal of ammonia. One reason for the reverse phenomenon was found that the affinities of sludge around bacteria with 2-MIB and ammonia often became reversed. The affinities of sludge with 2-MIB and ammonia were found to be changeable depending upon pH along with magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) concentrations in sludge. From these findings, control of pH and magnesium calcium ratio (Mg/Ca) of raw water was recommended for simultaneous and stable removal of 2-MIB and ammonia. From plant scale experiments equipped with automatic pH controller, the effects of pH and Mg/Ca control for biological treatment of 2-MIB and ammonia were observed in a biological activated filtration. Here, a biological activated carbon filtration means a longer filtration than 40 to 50 days from the beginning. The obtained results were almost as expected, showing high removal rates of both 2-MIB and ammonia.

Effets de l'ozonation et de la filtration biologique sur la demande en chlore et sur les précurseurs de trihalométhanes et des composés organo-halogénés totaux

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-954
Author(s):  
Hélène Baribeau ◽  
Michèle Prévost ◽  
Raymond Desjardins ◽  
Pierre Lafrance ◽  
Bernard Legube
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Halides ◽  
Chlorine Demand ◽  
Carbon Filtration ◽  
By Products

The effects of biological treatment (ozonation followed by biological activated carbon filtration (BAC)) on chlorine demand and on formation of trihalomethanes (THM) and total organic halides compounds (TOH) were studied at the Sainte-Rose water treatment facility, Laval. The plant influent is a surface water with a dissolved organic carbon of 6–7 mg/L. Results showed that ozonation marginally reduced (0–6%) short term chlorine demand but that BAC filtration reduced it by 40–55%. Ozonation versus BAC filtration was found to effect THM and TOH formation differently from the removal of the chlorine demand. THM (4-h contact with chlorine) and TOH formations were reduced by 48–60% and 39%, respectively, via ozonation. With BAC filtration, THM and TOH formations were reduced by 20–34% and 16%, respectively, with respect to the ozonated influent. For all essays, an initial significant decrease in residual chlorine was followed by an increase in TOH and subsequently in THM. The initial chlorine doses used for measuring the chlorine demand were found to have an effect on the final results. An increase in the initial chlorine dose resulted in a higher chlorine demand as well as in higher THM and TOH formations. The effect was found to be more profound at chlorine doses less than 3 mg Cl2/mg total organic carbon. Key words: chlorine demand, chlorination by-products, trihalomethane, total organic halides, ozonation, filtration, biological activated carbon.

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