scholarly journals A Low-Cost, Stand-Alone Sensory Platform for Monitoring Extreme Solar Overirradiance Events

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otavio Andre Chase ◽  
Mailson Borges Teles ◽  
Marinaldo de Jesus dos Santos Rodrigues ◽  
José Felipe Souza de Almeida ◽  
Wilson Negrão Macêdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
The North ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Embedded Computer

In this paper, we present a low-cost, stand-alone sensory platform developed for in situ monitoring of environmental parameters, for use in the Amazon region in the north of Brazil. The mission of the platform is to perform monitoring and identification of overirradiance (solar irradiance > 1000 W/m2) and extreme overirradiance events (solar irradiance > 1300 W/m2) using a photovoltaic based irradiance sensor. The sensory platform was built using the ESP8266 microcontroller, an open embedded computer capable of Wi-Fi communication using the IEEE 802.11 standard, and small photovoltaic modules, air temperature, atmospheric pressure, voltage, and current sensors, enabling the development of a low-cost system (€70/R$350.00 BRL). Calibration and tests were conducted at the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém campus, Pará, where the platform measured an extreme overirradiance of 1321 W/m2 at a low-latitude (1 °S) and low altitude (7 m above sea level).

scholarly journals IoT system for remote monitoring of mangrove forest the Sundarbans

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 254-258
Author(s):  
Asif Rahman Rumee
Keyword(s):  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Emergency Event ◽  
The Sundarbans

In-situ monitoring of mangrove forests is expensive, cumbersome, time consuming and error-prone, hence remote approaches are being used widely nowadays. Remote sensing using satellites, UAVs and other devices is incapable of collecting many important types of data required for processing, therefore a prototype of an  IoT device is designed and built for monitoring environmental parameters of the largest mangrove forest in the world, the Sundarbans in Bangladesh. The prototype is tested for a few hours in a simulated environment where the readings are updated every 2 seconds and alert notifications are received if an emergency event occurs. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed device and the feasibility of it for low cost remote monitoring of the mangrove forest.

Heteroepitaxy of GaN on Silicon: In Situ Measurements

2005 ◽  
Vol 483-485 ◽  
pp. 1051-1056
Author(s):  
A. Krost ◽  
Armin Dadgar ◽  
F. Schulze ◽  
R. Clos ◽  
K. Haberland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Group Iii Nitrides ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Light Emitting Devices ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Long Time

Due to the lack of GaN wafers, so far, group-III nitrides are mostly grown on sapphire or SiC substrates. Silicon offers an attractive alternative because of its low cost, large wafer area, and physical benefits such as the possibility of chemical etching, lower hardness, good thermal conductivity, and electrical conducting or isolating for light emitting devices or transistor structures, respectively. However, for a long time, a technological breakthrough of GaN-on-silicon has been thought to be impossible because of the cracking problem originating in the huge difference of the thermal expansion coefficients between GaN and silicon which leads to tensile strain and cracking of the layers when cooling down. However, in recent years, several approaches to prevent cracking and wafer bowing have been successfully applied. Nowadays, device-relevant thicknesses of crackfree group-III-nitrides can be grown on silicon. To reach this goal the most important issues were the identification of the physical origin of strains and its engineering by means of in situ monitoring during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy.

Development of a Low Cost Device for Measuring Solar Irradiance

2012 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 1377-1382
Author(s):  
Yu Jie Chen ◽  
Cong Hu ◽  
Yi Ze Sun ◽  
Zhuo Meng
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Photoelectric Cell ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Cost

For a determination of the system’s efficiency and decrease the cost, a low cost system for measuring solar irradiance is designed. By analyzing the influence of solar irradiance and temperature to solar cell, we have found that in case of different temperatures the variation of short-circuit current (Isc) in function of solar irradiation incident (E) is always linear. Then the read-out circuitry is designed to measure and convert the signal which is detected by the photoelectric cell and thermocouples. At last, the software is developed to compensate the temperature and make sure the device work normally. The results of detecting the system show that it’s effective and reliable.

From phycocyanin fluorescence to absolute cyanobacteria biomass: An application using in-situ fluorometer probes in the monitoring of potentially harmful cyanobacteria blooms

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Loisa ◽  
J. Kääriä ◽  
J. Laaksonlaita ◽  
J. Niemi ◽  
J. Sarvala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Fluorescence Probes ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms ◽  
Recreational Use ◽  
Harmful Effects

Cyanobacteria blooms can complicate the economical or recreational use of waters. Many of the bloom forming species are also potential producers of harmful cyanotoxins. The standard method for quantifying phytoplankton biomass, based on inverted microscopy, has high accuracy and is the only one producing biomass results on taxonomic level, but it requires specialized expertise and is time-consuming. Phycocyanin (PC) pigment concentration has been proven as a useful proxy for the concentration of cyanobacteria. Since 2006, we have studied practical solutions of in-situ monitoring of cyanobacteria using PC fluorescence probes. We have studied two eutrophic lakes, Lake Littoistenjärvi and Lake Kuralanjärvi in southwestern Finland using stationary monitoring stations equipped with PC probes. The fluorescence results were compared to independent water samples analyzed using standard methods. The PC fluorescence was positively correlated to cyanobacteria biomass in both lakes. Using site-specific post-calibrations of biomass, PC fluorescence can be used to estimate the absolute biomass of cyanobacteria. The monitoring techniques used in these studies are an applicable and relatively low-cost method to monitor cyanobacteria abundance. With nearly real-time data transfer possibilities, they can be used in management and early warning applications to minimize the harmful effects of cyanobacteria blooms.

scholarly journals Detection of regional scale sea-to-air oxygen emission related to spring bloom near Japan by using in-situ measurements of the atmospheric oxygen/nitrogen ratio

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3325-3335 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yamagishi ◽  
Y. Tohjima ◽  
H. Mukai ◽  
K. Sasaoka
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Spring Bloom ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
The North

Abstract. We have been carrying out in-situ monitoring of atmospheric O2/N2 ratio at Cape Ochi-ishi (COI; 43°10' N, 145°30' E) in the northern part of Japan since March 2005 by using a modified gas chromatography/thermal conductivity detector (GC/TCD). The standard deviation of the O2/N2 ratio is estimated to be about ±14 per meg (≈3 ppm) with intervals of 10 minutes. Thus, the in-situ measurement system has a 1σ precision of ± 6 per meg (≈1.2 ppm) for one-hour mean O2/N2 ratio. Atmospheric potential oxygen (APO≈O2+1.1 CO2), which is conserved with respect to terrestrial photosynthesis and respiration but reflects changes in air-sea O2 and CO2 fluxes, shows large variabilities from April to early July 2005. Distribution of satellite-derived marine primary production indicates occurrences of strong bloom in the Japan Sea and the latitudinal band between 30° and 40° N in the western North Pacific in April and in the Okhotsk Sea and northeastern region near Hokkaido Island in the North Pacific in June. Back trajectory analysis of air masses indicates that high values of APO, which last for several hours or several days, can be attributed to the oxygen emission associated with the spring bloom of active primary production.

scholarly journals Plankton community in the western waters of North-Sumatera during the onset monsoon of Asian winter

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mochamad Ramdhan Firdaus ◽  
Nurul Fitriya ◽  
Praditya Avianto ◽  
Hanif Budi Prayitno ◽  
A'an Johan Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Plankton Community ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Aquatic Food Chain ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
North And South

The western waters of North-Sumatera experience dynamic environmental changes during the onset monsoon of the Asian winter. Those changes certainly will affect the distribution of marine organisms, especially the plankton. Plankton is the foundation of the aquatic food chain and plays an important role as the entry gate of solar energy to the water trophic systems. This study aims to investigate the plankton community and its correlation with the environmental factors during the onset monsoon of the Asian winter. Plankton samples were collected, along with water samples and in-situ measurement for environmental parameters determination from western waters of North-Sumatera (95°E – 93°N) in November-December 2017. Plankton samples were taken by vertically hauling (500 m) using Modified Twin Plankton Net with 80 µm mesh size for phytoplankton and 300 µm for zooplankton. Temperature, salinity, and density of waters were measured using CTD SBE 911 – Plus. The nutrients, including orthophosphate, nitrate, and silicate, measured using autoanalyzer Skalar SAN++. Thirty genera of phytoplankton and 44 taxa groups of zooplankton were found. The phytoplankton community dominated by Thallassionema, while the zooplankton dominated by Calanoida. There was a difference in the composition of plankton communities between the north and south parts of the study area. It was probably influenced by different water masses between those two regions indicated by the dissimilarity of their water characteristics. Based on the analysis of the T-S diagram, it is likely that the north community influenced by Bengal Bay Water while the south community influenced by the Indian Equatorial Water.

scholarly journals Performance analysis of thermosyphon hybrid photovoltaic thermal collector

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Marc-Alain Mutombo ◽  
Freddie Inambao ◽  
Glen Bright
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Rectangular Channel ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Cell Temperature ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Incoming Energy

The conversion of solar irradiance into electricity by a photovoltaic module (PV) is 6– 7% of the incoming energy from the sun depending on the type of technology and the environmental parameters. More than 80% of incoming energy from the sun is reflected or absorbed by the solar module. The fraction of energy absorbed increases with solar cell temperature and the cells’ efficiency drops as a consequence. The efficiency of a PV module is improved by combining a PV module and a thermal collector in one unit, resulting in a hybrid photovoltaic and thermal collector (PV/T). The purpose of this paper is to present the behavior a thermosyphon hybrid PV/T when exposed to variations of environmental parameters and to demonstrate the advantage of cooling photovoltaic modules with water using a rectangular channel profile for the thermal collector. A single glazed flat-box absorber PV/T module was designed, its behavior for different environmental parameters tested, the numerical model developed, and the simulation for particular days for Durban weather run. The simulation result showed that the overall efficiency of the PV/T module was 38.7% against 14.6% for a standard PV module while the water temperature in the storage tank reached 37.1 °C. This is a great encouragement to the marketing of the PV/T technology in South Africa particularly during summer, and specifically in areas where the average annual solar irradiance is more than 4.70 kWh/m²/day.

In-Situ Monitoring for Open Low-Cost 3d Printing

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
P. Minetola ◽  
M. S. Khandpur ◽  
L. Iuliano ◽  
F. Calignano ◽  
M. Galati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
In Situ Monitoring

In Situ Monitoring of Environmental Conditions for Stress Corrosion Cracking

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser King ◽  
Katherine Ikeda-Cameron ◽  
Greg Van Boven ◽  
Tom Jack ◽  
Robert Sutherby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Management Program ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
The Right

TransCanada Pipelines have been involved with monitoring environmental conditions at pipe depth for almost 10 years. The purpose of this monitoring is to understand the mechanism of SCC as it occurs in the field and to assist in the development of site-selection models for identifying locations where SCC might be occurring. Monitoring can either be done at many locations along the right-of-way at a given time or continuously at discrete locations in order to observe seasonal variations. A range of environmental parameters can be monitored. Early work focussed on parameters relevant to corrosion, such as soil resistivity, redox potential, temperature, pH, and on- and off-potentials. More recently, parameters relevant to SCC have also been monitored, such as soil CO2 and permeable hydrogen concentrations. In addition, the extent to which these parameters change seasonally has been monitored to determine if the environment is conducive to SCC continuously or whether cracking might only occur at certain times of the year. In terms of implementation, the results of in situ monitoring can be used as part of a larger integrity management program to decide where and when to mitigate SCC. Correlations between soil parameters measured using the portable probe and known SCC sites can be used to identify other susceptible locations or to prioritize different lines for inspection. Seasonal variations at a particular location can be used to derive effective crack growth rates from accelerated laboratory testing in order to determine re-inspection intervals. Examples are provided of both portable and permanent NOVAProbe measurements for low-pH and high-pH SCC.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document