Chlorate and perchlorate – new criterions for environmentally-friendly processes in Advanced Oxidation

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E.H. Bergmann ◽  
J. Rollin ◽  
A.S. Koparal
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Diamond Electrodes ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Drinking Water Disinfection ◽  
Bdd Anodes

Studying electrolysis processes in drinking water disinfection it was found that chlorate and perchlorate can be formed at high extent on several electrode materials. Formation potential differs by orders of magnitude comparing mixed oxide (MIO), Pt and boron doped diamond (BDD) anodes. Highest concentrations were found using the doped diamond electrodes. Extended studies showed that chlorate and perchlorate may be formed also in other processes of so-called Advanced Oxidation. Therefore, the authors propose both components as new inorganic assessment criterions in environmentally-oriented water treatment.

Domestic and Industrial Water Disinfection Using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes

2009 ◽  
pp. 143-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rychen ◽  
Christophe Provent ◽  
Laurent Pupunat ◽  
Nicolas Hermant
Keyword(s):  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Diamond Electrodes ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Boron Doped

Application of boron-doped diamond electrodes for the anodic oxidation of pesticide micropollutants in a water treatment process: a critical review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 2090-2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean T. McBeath ◽  
David P. Wilkinson ◽  
Nigel J. D. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Diamond Electrodes ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Electro Oxidation

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have the greatest known oxygen overpotential range; a characteristic that has allowed the material to be well suited for electro-oxidation processes in aqueous media.

Electrochemical advanced oxidation process using DiaChem®electrodes

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Tröster ◽  
L. Schäfer ◽  
M. Fryda ◽  
T. Matthée
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Electrochemical Window

The electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) using boron doped diamond (DiaChem®, registered trademark of Condias GmbH) has been studied for wastewater treatment and drinking water disinfection. DiaChem® electrodes consist of preferentially metallic base materials coated with a conductive polycrystalline diamond film by hot-filament chemical vapour deposition. They exhibit high overpotential for water electrolysis as well as high chemical inertness and extended lifetime. In particular the high overpotential for water decomposition opens the widest known electrochemical window, allowing the energy efficient production of hydroxyl radicals directly from aqueous solutions. The hydroxyl radicals on the other hand are effectively used for the oxidation of pollutants. The EAOP using DiaChem® electrodes thus facilitates the direct and, if necessary, complete decomposition of even hazardous or persistent pollutants in different wastewaters. Current efficiencies of more than 90%, also without the use of additives for hydroxyl radical generation, have been demonstrated. Additionally, for drinking water preparation diamond electrodes facilitate disinfection with and without the support of chlorine.

scholarly journals Application of Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes (UV-LED) to Full-Scale Drinking-Water Disinfection

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarvis ◽  
Autin ◽  
Goslan ◽  
Hassard
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Uv Led ◽  
Drinking Water Disinfection ◽  
Inactivation Efficiency ◽  
Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Scale Reactor

Ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) have recently emerged as a viable technology for water disinfection. However, the performance of the technology in full-scale drinking-water treatment systems remains poorly characterised. Furthermore, current UV disinfection standards and protocols have been developed specifically for conventional mercury UV systems and so do not necessarily provide an accurate indication of UV-LED disinfection performance. Hence, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that a full-scale UV-LED reactor can match the Cryptosporidium inactivation efficiency of conventional mercury UV reactors. Male-specific bacteriophage (MS2) was used as the Cryptosporidium spp. surrogate microorganism. The time-based inactivation efficiency of the full-scale reactor was firstly compared to that of a bench-scale (batch-type) UV-LED reactor. This was then related to mercury UV reactors by comparing the fluence-based efficiency of the bench-scale reactor to the USEPA 90% prediction interval range of expected MS2 inactivation using mercury UV lamps. The results showed that the full-scale UV-LED reactor was at least as effective as conventional mercury UV reactors at the water-quality and drive-current conditions considered. Nevertheless, comparisons between the bench- and full-scale UV-LED reactors indicated that improvements in the hydraulic flow profile and power output of the full-scale reactor could help to further improve the efficiency of UV-LED reactors for municipal drinking water disinfection. This represents the world’s first full-scale UV-LED reactor that can be applied at municipal water treatment works for disinfection of pathogenic microorganisms from drinking water.

scholarly journals Retrospective Analysis of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection and Monochloramine Disinfection of Municipal Drinking Water in Michigan

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Kotlarz ◽  
Lutgarde Raskin ◽  
Madsen Zimbric ◽  
Josh Errickson ◽  
John J. LiPuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Weighted Regression ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Drinking Water Disinfection ◽  
Treated Drinking Water

ABSTRACT Infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are primarily acquired from environmental sources, including exposure to municipally treated drinking water. Higher levels of NTM have been reported in drinking water disinfected with monochloramine than in that disinfected with chlorine. However, the relationships between water treatment practices and NTM infection are unclear. The objective of this study was to examine a possible relationship between residual disinfectant used for municipal drinking water treatment (monochloramine or chlorine) and NTM infection. We retrospectively reviewed NTM diagnostic tests performed at a single health care center during a 15-year period. Information on municipal water treatment practices, including disinfectant and primary source water type, was obtained for 140 cities. Based on a logistic regression model, municipal drinking water disinfection with monochloramine compared to chlorine was not associated with NTM infection (P = 0.24). An additional model variable examining water source showed that the likelihood of having an NTM infection was 1.46 times higher for patients residing in cities with drinking water derived from surface water than for those residing in cities with drinking water derived from groundwater (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 2.08; P = 0.04). In an inverse propensity score weighted regression, monochloramine disinfection was also not associated with NTM infection. A moderate effect on NTM infection rates was observed in the weighted regression for municipal drinking water derived from surface water, though the results were not statistically significant (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.69; P = 0.17). IMPORTANCE Infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) result in significant morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. NTM are primarily acquired from environmental sources, including exposure to municipally treated drinking water. Higher levels of NTM have been reported in drinking water disinfected with monochloramine than in drinking water disinfected with chlorine. Our results suggest that municipal drinking water disinfection with monochloramine compared to chlorine is not associated with higher risk of NTM infection. This is important given that regulations that limit drinking water concentrations of disinfection by-products, which are formed primarily when chlorine disinfection is used, incentivize drinking water utilities to change from chlorine disinfection to monochloramine disinfection.

Halogenated semivolatile acetonitriles as chloramination disinfection by-products in water treatment: a new formation pathway from activated aromatic compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Linge ◽  
Ina Kristiana ◽  
Deborah Liew ◽  
Adam Holman ◽  
Cynthia A. Joll
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Formation Pathway ◽  
Drinking Water Disinfection ◽  
By Products ◽  
New Formation

A new formation pathway has been identified for dichloroacetonitrile, a halogenated semivolatile drinking water disinfection by-product, from activated aromatic compounds.

Both viable and inactivated amoeba spores protect their intracellular bacteria from drinking water disinfection

2021 ◽  
Vol 417 ◽  
pp. 126006
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen He ◽  
Luting Wang ◽  
Yuexian Ge ◽  
Siyi Zhang ◽  
Yuehui Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Drinking Water Disinfection

Anodic Oxidation Behaviors of Formaldehyde at Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Chin Changa ◽  
Li-Chia Chena ◽  
Shyh-Jiun Liu ◽  
Hsien-Ju Tien ◽  
Hsien-Chang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Diamond Electrodes ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Oxidation Behaviors
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