Treatment of soy oil effluent using ultrafiltration

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Mousavi ◽  
H. Dolati ◽  
V. Ghaffarian
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Soy Oil ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Nitrocellulose Membrane ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Increasing Temperature

A pilot-scale ultrafiltration (UF) system is applied to determine UF process feasibility for treating soy oil effluent. Effluent pollutions consist of turbidity, total solid (TS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and oil and grease. Permeate flux and rejection percentages of pollutants are evaluated at different temperatures and transmembrane pressures (TMPs) using nitrocellulose membrane. Permeate flux is increased with increasing temperature and TMP. Considerable amount of effluent pollutants is reduced by used membrane as the rejection percentage for TS, BOD, COD, and oil and grease are about 50%, 70%, 70%, and 55%, respectively. The best separation performance of nitrocellulose membrane is in reduction of effluent turbidity which is almost 95%.

APLIKASI PROSES DIGESTASI ANAEROBIK LUMPUR BIOLOGI INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI KERTAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina S. Soetopo ◽  
Sri Purwati ◽  
Henggar Hardiani ◽  
Mukharomah Nur Aini ◽  
Krisna Adhitya Wardhana
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Average Value

A continuous pilot scale study has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion of biological sludge. The sludge has a total solid content of 0.53% - 1.1%, pH of 7.20 to 7.32. Its organic content is about 97 %, The research were conducted in two stages, which are acidification (performed in 3 m3 the Continously Stirred Tank Reactor/CSTR at pH of 5.5 to 6.0) and methanation (performed in 5 m3 the Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket/UASB reactor at pH 6.5 to 7.0). The retention time (RT) was gradually shortened from 6 days to 1 day for acidification and from 8 days to 2 days for methanation. The results showed that operating the CSTR at the RT of 1 day and the organic loading of 8.23 g Volatile Solid (VS)/m3.day could produce Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) at an average value of 17.3 g/kg VS.day. Operating the UASB reactor at the RT of 2 days and the organic loading (Chemical Oxygen Demand/COD) of 2.4 kg COD/m3.day could produce biogas at an average value of 66.3 L/day, with an average methane content of 69.9%, methane rate of 0.17 L CH4/g COD reduction or 19.06 L CH4/kg VS. Furthermore, methanation could reduce COD at an average value of 51.2 %, resulting in the effluent average value of COD filtrate and COD total of 210.1 mg/L and 375.2 mg /L, respectively.Keywords: acidification, methanation, CSTR, UASB, biogas ABSTRAKPercobaan digestasi anaerobik lumpur IPAL biologi industri kertas secara kontinyu skala pilot telah dilakukan di industri kertas dengan tujuan mengkaji efektivitas proses digestasi anaerobik dalam mengolah lumpur tersebut. Lumpur yang digunakan memiliki total solids sekitar 0,53% – 1,1%, pH netral (7,20 – 7,32) dengan komponen utama senyawa organik sekitar 97%. Percobaan dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu asidifikasi dalam reaktor CSTR berkapasitas 3 m3 pada pH 5,5 – 6,0 dan metanasi dalam reaktor UASB berkapasitas 5 m3 pada pH 6,5 – 7,0. Percobaan dilakukan dengan waktu retensi yang dipersingkat secara bertahap dari 6 hari ke 1 hari untuk proses asidifikasi dan dari 8 hari ke 2 hari untuk proses metanasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pengoperasian reaktor CSTR dengan waktu retensi 1 hari dan beban organik 8,3 g VS/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan VFA rata-rata 17,3 g/kg VS.hari dengan kisaran 8,36 – 30,59 g/kg VS.hari, sedangkan pengoperasian reaktor UASB pada waktu retensi 2 hari dan beban organik 2,4 kg COD/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan biogas rata-rata 66,3 L/hari dengan kadar metana rata-rata 69,9% atau 0,17 L CH4/g COD reduksi atau 19,06 L CH4/kg VS. Selain itu proses metanasi dapat menurunkan COD terlarut rata-rata 51,2%, dengan konsentrasi efluen COD terlarut  rata-rata 210,1 mg/L dan COD total rata-rata 375,2 mg/L.Kata kunci: asidifikasi, metanasi, CSTR, UASB, biogas

scholarly journals Organic Matter, Solid and Pathogen Removals from Black Water in A Pilot-Scale Solar Septic Tank

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Tatchai Pussayanavina ◽  
Thammarat Koottatep ◽  
Le My Dinh ◽  
Sopida Khamyai ◽  
Wattanapong Sangchun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Solar Powered

Demonstrating the operational feasibility of a solar-powered septic tank as an alternative and sustainable sanitation option for communities was presented in this study. The efficiency and technical feasibility of a solar septic tank (SST) were tested and evaluated in pilot scale for treatment of black water from communal toilets. The system consisted of a modified septic tank equipped with a disinfection chamber inside the tank. Solar radiation was collected as a heat source for heating and disinfection. The system could achieve high removal efficiencies of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), total solid (TS), and total volatile solid (TVS) of 97%, 94%, 91% and 96%, respectively. The inactivation efficiencies of E. coli and total coliforms in the SST were about 2.2 log reduction. The increased temperature inside the septic tank could help to inactivate pathogens and reduce the environmental issues related to conventional fecal sludge management. In turn, this improved the water quality of groundwater and surface water and minimize health risks. Influence of operational conditions including organic/nutrient loading rate and ratio between TCOD and TKN in the black water on the performance of the SST were discussed.

scholarly journals Microbiological and physicochemical evaluation of the effluent quality in a membrane bioreactor system to meet the legislative limits for wastewater reuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1796-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Azis ◽  
Charalampos Vardalachakis ◽  
Spyridon Ntougias ◽  
Paraschos Melidis
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Mediterranean Countries

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and effluent quality of a pilot-scale intermittently aerated and fed, externally submerged membrane bioreactor (MBRes) treating municipal wastewater. The effluent quality of the MBRes was evaluated regarding system ability to comply with the Greek legislative limits for restricted and unrestricted wastewater reuse. The average permeate flux was 13.9 L m−2 h−1, while the transmembrane pressure remained above the level of −110 mbar. Experimental data showed that biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, PO43−- P and total suspended solids removal efficiencies were 97.8, 93.1, 89.6, 93.2 and 100%, respectively, whereas turbidity was reduced by 94.1%. Total coliforms and Escherichia coli were fully eliminated by ultrafiltration and disinfection methods, such as chlorination and ultraviolet radiation. In agreement with the Greek legislation (Joint Ministerial Decree 145116/11) and the guidelines recommended for the Mediterranean countries, the disinfected effluent of the MBRes system can be safely reused directly for urban purposes.

scholarly journals KAJIAN AWAL PEMBUATAN PUPUK CAIR ORGANIK DARI EFFLUENT PENGOLAHAN LANJUT LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT (LCPKS) SKALA PILOT

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Fristyana Sosanty Lubis, Irvan ◽  
Dedy Anwar ◽  
Basril Amirza Harahap ◽  
Bambang Trisakti
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Effective Microorganism

The objective of this study is to design an organic liquid fertilizer manufacturing process from palm oil mill effluent (POME) at pilot scale. Materials used were effluent from further processing of biogas fermentation from POME and starter (mixture of molasses, yeast and effective microorganism). Variables measured were total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), total suspended solid (TSS), volatile suspended solid (VSS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), in addition, analysis content of liquid fertilizers was performed. The research consisted of production of starters and fermentation process. Loading rate was started from hydraulic retention time (HRT) 2,500 days and bioreactor performance was observed at HRT 100, 90 and 80 days. The results showed that COD concentration of bioreactor effluent decreased from 8,600 to 1,580 mg/l and from analysis content, liquid fertilizers are composed of nitrogen 0.14%, P2O5 0.05%, K2O 0.07%, MgO 0.01%, CaO 0.001mg/l, C-Organic 0,12%, and C/N Ratio 0.86.

Anaerobic/aerobic treatment of greywater via UASB and MBR for unrestricted reuse

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein I. Abdel-Shafy ◽  
Ahmed Makki Al-Sulaiman ◽  
Mona S. M. Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Water Head ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of integrated up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) as anaerobic system followed by membrane bioreactor (MBR) as aerobic system for the treatment of greywater for unrestricted reuse. Pilot-scale UASB and MBR units were installed and operated in the NRC, Egypt. Real raw greywater was subjected to UASB and the effluent was further treated with microfiltration MBR. The necessary trans-membrane pressure difference is applied by the water head above the membrane (gravity flow) without any energy input. The average characteristics of the raw greywater were 95, 392, 298, 10.45, 0.4, 118.5 and 28 mg/L for total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total phosphates, nitrates, oil and grease, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), respectively. The pH was 6.71. The UASB treatment efficiency reached 19.3, 57.8, 67.5 and 83.7% for TSS, COD, BOD5 and oil and grease, respectively. When the UASB effluent was further treated with MBR, the overall removal rate achieved 97.7, 97.8, 97.4 and 95.8% for the same parameters successively. The characteristics of the final effluent reached 2.5, 8.5, 6.1, 0.95, 4.6 and 2.3 mg/L for TSS, COD, BOD, phosphates, oil and grease and TKN, respectively. This final treated effluent could cope with the unrestricted water reuse of local Egyptian guidelines.

Advanced Treatment of Electroplating Wastewater by Nanofiltration Membrane Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 378 ◽  
pp. 318-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Wang ◽  
Xue Feng Xiong ◽  
Zheng Fan ◽  
Guo Liang Zhang ◽  
Zhi Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ion Selectivity ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Electroplating Effluent ◽  
Monovalent Ions ◽  
Operation Cost

The nanofiltration (NF) membrane technology presented in this paper were used to treat the industrial electroplating effluent for reutilization, which contained hazardous heavy metal ions such as chromium and zinc. Two different kinds of nanofiltration membranes were applied in pilot scale installation following the conventional wastewater treatment system. The effects of different operating parameters on their separation performance were investigated in detail. Results showed that both two NF membranes held large permeate flux under relatively low operating pressures. The rejection rates of the monovalent ions were less than 50%, while for divalent ions they were more than 90%, including SO42-, Ca2+, Cr3+ and Zn2+. Higher permeate flux, lower operating pressure and distinguished ion selectivity of nanofiltration membranes exhibited a big potential for industrial application concerning the investment and operation cost .

scholarly journals Performance, Energy and Cost of Produced Water Treatment by Chemical and Electrochemical Coagulation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3426
Author(s):  
Chia Miang Khor ◽  
Jinwen Wang ◽  
Minghua Li ◽  
Bruce A. Oettel ◽  
Richard B. Kaner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Chemical Coagulation ◽  
Water Matrix

The separation performance, energy demand, and operating costs of electro-coagulation (EC) are compared to conventional chemical coagulation for oil–water separation using a simulated oil- and gas-produced water matrix. An iron-based chemical coagulant and sacrificial iron electrodes are evaluated. Effluent turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and oil and grease (O&G) removal were determined for various coagulant concentrations and reaction times and current densities. Chemical coagulation produced superior turbidity removal when scaled by the total iron dose. At lower iron doses (<500 mg/L), chemical coagulation yielded better COD, turbidity, and O&G removal. However, chemical coagulation was unable to effectively remove contaminants to meet the offshore discharge limit of 29 ppm O&G. At higher iron doses, EC was more effective at removing COD and O&G. The energy consumption of EC was found to be much higher even when factoring in the energy of production, transporting, and mixing of chemical coagulants, but the overall cost of EC was approximately half the cost of chemical coagulation, and more effective at O&G removal.

scholarly journals Pilot-scale experiments on a hybrid membrane-electrocoagulation system to produced water treatment in a domestic oil reservoir

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Dehghani ◽  
Bizhan Honarvar ◽  
Amin Azdarpour ◽  
Moein Nabipour
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Offshore Oil

Abstract The goal of this paper is to design and set up a new hybrid treatment system for purification of Iranian offshore oil company wastewater. The treatment system consists of electrocoagulation, microfiltration and reverse osmosis (RO) sections. Treatment performance is evaluated by measuring electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), total dispersed solid (TDS) oil and grease (O&G), total hardness (TH) and turbidity. Results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of BOD5, COD, TSS, O&G, EC, TH and turbidity were obtained as 94.49%, 92.17%, 88.18%, 80.8%, 89.84%, 86.66% and 71.72%, respectively. DO was increased significantly due to the reduction of BOD, COD and microorganisms. Results showed that the combination of iron and aluminium electrodes can be very effective in removing pollutants. In addition, the use of microfiltration before RO led to a significant reduction in salinity and TDS. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal experimental conditions for COD, BOD5 and turbidity using Design Expert11. RSM results showed that the optimal electric current and time for BOD5 and COD removal is 20A and 300 min, respectively. The optimal electric current and time for turbidity were obtained as 20A and 210 min.

Membrane treatment of the bleaching plant (EPO) filtrate of a kraft pulp mill

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Quezada ◽  
Claudio Mudado Silva ◽  
Ana Augusta Passos Rezende ◽  
Leif Nilsson ◽  
Mauro Manfredi
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Sludge Production

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of membrane technology to treat oxygen and peroxide-reinforced extraction stage (EPO) filtrate from a kraft pulp mill bleach plant. Three different types of tubular membranes were tested in a pilot plant: (i) tight ultrafiltration (UF); (ii) open UF followed by nanofiltration (UF + NF); and (iii) nanofiltration (NF). According to the separation performance, considering the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour removal, permeate flux, operational simplicity and cost, the results indicated that the best option for treatment of (EPO) filtrates was the tight UF membrane. This membrane obtained a COD removal of 79% with a colour reduction of 86%. The effect of (EPO) filtrate UF treatment on the mill effluent treatment plant was evaluated. Compared with the actual mill effluent, the results indicated that if the UF permeate was recycled in the bleaching area, the COD reduction efficiency increased by 7%, the final effluent colour decreased by 8%, the biological sludge production decreased by 18%, and the energy consumption decreased by 40%. In the tertiary treatment plant, the coagulant dosage decreased by 40%, and the tertiary sludge production decreased by 46%.

Designing an Economical Membrane Process to Concentrate the Effluent from Alkaline Peroxide Mechanical Pulping Plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 859-862
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Chun Yu Cao ◽  
Wen Ying Feng ◽  
Ming Xu ◽  
Wei Jun Lv
Keyword(s):  
Cross Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Concentration Process ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide ◽  
Pes Membrane

Using a multi-effect evaporation system to concentrate the effluent from alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping (APMP) plants is known to require a high energy consumption. In order to improve the situation, a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was used to concentrate the effluent of APMP plants beforehand. An orthogonal experimental design was applied and a mathematical model was established to optimize the filtration parameters. An estimation of potential energy and water savings from this new concentration process was developed. The optimal filtration conditions obtained were: molecular weight cut-off at 10,000 Dalton, trans-membrane pressure at 3 bar, feed temperature at 50oC, cross-flow velocity at 420 rpm, and volume reduction factor at 0.93. The average permeate flux under these conditions was 45.31 l/m2.h. The total solids content was increased from 14.74 g/l in the feed to 95.04 g/l in the concentrate. The permeate had low total solid contents of 8.75 g/l, Chemical Oxygen Demand of 6696 mg/l, and Biochemical Oxygen Demand of 4383 mg/l. Such qualities would allow the permeate to be reused in the alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping process. With this new concentration process, about 4840.6 kWh energy can be saved and 23.3 m3 effluent discharge can be reduced for each ton of pulp produced.

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