Membrane treatment of the bleaching plant (EPO) filtrate of a kraft pulp mill

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Quezada ◽  
Claudio Mudado Silva ◽  
Ana Augusta Passos Rezende ◽  
Leif Nilsson ◽  
Mauro Manfredi
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Sludge Production

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of membrane technology to treat oxygen and peroxide-reinforced extraction stage (EPO) filtrate from a kraft pulp mill bleach plant. Three different types of tubular membranes were tested in a pilot plant: (i) tight ultrafiltration (UF); (ii) open UF followed by nanofiltration (UF + NF); and (iii) nanofiltration (NF). According to the separation performance, considering the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour removal, permeate flux, operational simplicity and cost, the results indicated that the best option for treatment of (EPO) filtrates was the tight UF membrane. This membrane obtained a COD removal of 79% with a colour reduction of 86%. The effect of (EPO) filtrate UF treatment on the mill effluent treatment plant was evaluated. Compared with the actual mill effluent, the results indicated that if the UF permeate was recycled in the bleaching area, the COD reduction efficiency increased by 7%, the final effluent colour decreased by 8%, the biological sludge production decreased by 18%, and the energy consumption decreased by 40%. In the tertiary treatment plant, the coagulant dosage decreased by 40%, and the tertiary sludge production decreased by 46%.

Recirculation of treated effluent in the bleaching of kraft pulp

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 8944-8964
Author(s):  
Erika Nascimben Santos ◽  
Claudia Mudadu Silva ◽  
Jorge Luiz Colodette ◽  
Samilly B. Zanith de Almeida ◽  
Antonio José Vinha Zanuncio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Effluent Treatment Plant ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Washing Water

The bleaching plant of a kraft pulp mill is the sector that consumes water and generates effluent with the highest volume. Water recycling is an attractive option to reduce water consumption and effluent generation. This study evaluated the technical feasibility of using treated effluent as washing water in the bleaching stages. The bleaching sequence was simulated in the laboratory using four types of washing water: deionized water, whitewater, low organic load effluent, and high organic load effluent. To achieve 90% ISO pulp brightness, the ClO2 consumption increased from 8.1 kg ClO2 odt-1 when using water to 13.8 and 16.3 kgClO2 odt-1 for the low and high organic effluents. Physical and optical tests of the hand-sheet papers did not show any statistical difference between various washing waters. The filtrates showed values that did not burden the efficiency of the effluent treatment plant. It was possible to use effluent in the bleaching stages, considering that the filtrates and the produced paper complied with the quality standards.

Wet route pellets production using primary sludge from kraft pulp mill

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Virgínia Cunha Rodrigues ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Claudio Mudadu Silva ◽  
Caio Moreira Miquelino Eleto Torres ◽  
Mateus Alves de Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Fines Content ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Mechanical Durability

Abstract The substantial expansion of the Brazilian pulp and paper industry in the last years resulted in a significant increase in the solid waste generation. This paper investigates the production of pellets using primary sludge from the effluent treatment plant of a kraft pulp mill, as a fuel for producing energy, using a novel wet route process. The pellet samples were produced in a laboratory pelletizing press, which has a horizontal circular matrix. The samples were characterized by moisture content, high heating value, ash content, dimensions (diameter and length), mechanical durability and fines content. The net heating value and energetic density were also measured. The pellets manufactured with primary sludge were compared to the European standard for non-woody pellets. Pelletization caused a reduction of the moisture content by 37.8 %, and increased the net heating value by 41 % and bulk density by approximately 39 %, which resulted in a 263 % increase in the material´s energetic density. Pellet production using a wet route process was appropriate for the primary sludge, and produced pellets with a high mechanical durability (99.3 %) and low fines content (0.062 %), indicating the potential of thermal valorization for incineration in the biomass boiler to produce high-quality steam.

Simultaneous precipitation of phosphorus in a kraft pulp mill wastewater treatment plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakari Toivakainen ◽  
Timo Laukkanen ◽  
Olli Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Elemental Chlorine ◽  
Organic Halogen ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Phosphorus Reduction ◽  
Sludge Settling

Simultaneous precipitation (SP) using iron sulfates in the secondary treatment of elemental chlorine-free (ECF) kraft pulp mill wastewater was studied. In short-term pilot plant studies phosphorus reduction was improved from 58% up to 81% by adding 10 mgFe/L ferrous sulfate in the activated sludge (AS) process. The phosphorus reduction in full-scale experiment was about 80% when less than 10 mgFe/L was fed in with the influent of the AS plant. The reduction of phosphorus decreased with the dose of iron during the three month experiment. No notable change in either chemical oxygen demand (COD) or adsorbable organic halogen (AOX) reduction nor in the properties of sludge settling were observed during this SP experiment. Furthermore, no problems in sludge treatment due to increased iron concentrations in the waste sludge were reported. SP offers a simple way to decrease phosphorus discharges from AS plants instead of reliance on more expensive tertiary treatments.

A comparison of conventional activated sludge and low sludge production strategies for advanced treatment of kraft pulp mill effluent

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Werker ◽  
Å Malmqvist ◽  
T. Welander
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Sludge Characteristics ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Protozoan Grazing ◽  
Sludge Production

Parallel laboratory investigations were conducted to examine aspects of two distinct but related bioprocess strategies for low sludge production in the treatment of the same TCF kraft pulp mill effluent. The purpose of this article has been to compare the performance results from these two bench-scale trials with respect to nutrient demands, nutrient discharge, COD removal, and waste sludge characteristics. The LSP (Low Sludge Production) process can be used to significantly reduce sludge yield with excellent sludge characteristics. These sludge characteristics seemed to be related to elevated protozoan grazing pressures. The BAS (Biofilm-Activated Sludge) process achieves similar reduced sludge yields and sludge characteristics while at the same time significantly reducing the nutrient demands and discharge levels. For both LSP and BAS process optimization, the selector nutrient loading is critical to the overall process performance. Selector nutrient requirements are distinct from the overall process nutrient requirements.

Sugar production from cellulosic biosludges generated in a water treatment plant of a Kraft pulp mill

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloia Romaní ◽  
Remedios Yáñez ◽  
Gil Garrote ◽  
José Luis Alonso ◽  
Juan Carlos Parajó
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill

Biological activity of bleached kraft pulp mill effluents before and after activated sludge and ozone treatments

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Cunha Lopes ◽  
Ann H. Mounteer ◽  
Teynha Valverde Stoppa ◽  
Davi Santiago Aquino
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp

Eucalyptus bleached kraft pulp production, an important sector of the Brazilian national economy, is responsible for generating large volume, high pollutant load effluents, containing a considerable fraction of recalcitrant organic matter. The objectives of this study were to quantify the biological activity of the effluent from a eucalyptus bleached kraft pulp mill, characterize the nature of compounds responsible for biological activity and assess the effect of ozone treatment on its removal. Primary and secondary effluents were collected bimonthly over the course of one year at a Brazilian bleached eucalypt kraft pulp mill and their pollutant loads (biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), adsorbable organic halogen (AOX), lignin, extractives) and biological activity (acute and chronic toxicity and estrogenic activity) quantified. The effluent studied did not present acute toxicity to Daphnia, but presented the chronic toxicity effects of algal growth inhibition and reduced survival and reproduction in Ceriodaphnia, as well as estrogenic activity. Chronic toxicity and estrogenic activity were reduced but not eliminated during activated sludge biological treatment. The toxicity identification evaluation revealed that lipophilic organic compounds (such as residual lignin, extractives and their byproducts) were responsible for the toxicity and estrogenic activity. Ozone treatment (50 mg/L O3) of the secondary effluent eliminated the chronic toxicity and significantly reduced estrogen activity.

Molecular analysis of bacterial isolates and total community DNA from kraft pulp mill effluent treatment systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Fortin ◽  
Roberta R Fulthorpe ◽  
D Grant Allen ◽  
Charles W Greer
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Oligonucleotide Primers ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Gene Probes ◽  
Total Community ◽  
Total Community Dna

Chloroaliphatics are major components of bleached kraft mill effluents. Gene probes and oligonucleotide primers were developed to monitor kraft pulp mill effluent treatment systems for the presence of key genes (dehalogenases) responsible for the dehalogenation of chloroaliphatic organics. The primers were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of genomic DNA extracted from dehalogenating bacterial isolates and from total community DNA extracted from water and sediments of mill effluent treatment systems. PCR amplification with oligonucleotide primers designed from dhlB, encoding the haloacid dehalogenase from Xanthobacter autotrophicus, revealed the presence of dehalogenase genes in both aerated lagoons and stabilization basins. Similarly, positive results were obtained with mmoX primers designed from the soluble methane monooxygenase gene of Methylococcus capsulatus Bath. The haloacetate dehalogenase encoding gene (dehH2) from Moraxella sp. was typically not detected in mill effluent treatment systems unless the biomass was selectively enriched. DNA sequence analysis of several PCR fragments revealed significant similarity to known dehalogenase and methane monooxygenase genes. The results indicated a broad distribution of known dehalogenation genes and bacteria with chloroorganic-degrading potential in the mill effluent treatment systems.Key words: dehalogenase, gene probes, chloroorganics, PCR, mill effluents.

Formation and degradation of mutagens in kraft pulp mill water systems

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Smeds ◽  
Bjarne Holmbom ◽  
Åbo Akademi ◽  
Leena Tikkanen
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill
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