Maximizing Energy Recovery from Sludge - Singapore's Approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.W. Oon ◽  
T.G. Koh ◽  
K.S. Ng ◽  
S.W. Ng ◽  
Y.L. Wah
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Mesophilic Digestion ◽  
To Receive

Recovery of energy from sludge is an important component of PUB's drive towards zero-energy input for used water treatment in its Water Reclamation Plants (WRPs). Driven by this vision, PUB has taken steps to boost biogas production from the conventional mesophilic digestion process via 1) ultrasonic sludge disintegration and 2) co-digestion of greasy waste and used water sludge. From trials in Ulu Pandan WRP, ultrasonic sludge disintegration can boost biogas production by 35%. The paper will describe the pilot-scale trial in detail, including the operational problems that were encountered. In addition, this paper covers the operation of a centralised facility at Jurong WRP - the first of its kind in Asia that has been built to receive fats, oils and greases (FOG) from grease interceptors in Singapore. By blending FOG with thickened sludge (5% TS) before anaerobic digestion, the production of electricity from biogas at Jurong WRP has increased to almost 50% of the total energy consumption necessary for its treatment processes. These exciting initiatives form the cornerstone of PUB's current efforts to reduce the carbon footprint for used water treatment.

Removal of cyanobacterial toxins in water treatment processes: Laboratory and pilot-scale experiments

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Keijola ◽  
K. Himberg ◽  
A. L. Esala ◽  
K. Sivonen ◽  
L. Hiis-Virta
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cyanobacterial Toxins ◽  
Treatment Processes

Advanced membrane technology for application to water treatment

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasumoto Magara ◽  
Shoichi Kunikane ◽  
Masaki Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Further Development ◽  
By Products

Following the successful implementation of the ‘MAC21’ Project, the ‘New MAC21’ Project is being implemented for further development of membrane technology in Japan. The project includes various pilot-scale and laboratory experiments on 1) nanofiltration system, and 2) MF/UF system combined with advanced treatment processes such as activated carbon treatment, ozonation and biological treatment. As the result, it has been shown that both systems are applicable to drinking water treatment. Although a NF system was very effective for the removal of organic contaminants such as precursors of disinfection by-products, it is considered that the development of a proper treatment method for the concentrate will be very important in the future.

Algal Removal Studies on a Pilot Scale Water Treatment Plant at Loch Leven, Kinross

1974 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Johnson ◽  
M. R. Farley ◽  
R. E. Youngman
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Loch Leven ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Removal Studies

SynopsisDuring 1970 a pilot-scale water treatment plant was operated at Loch Leven to investigate the feasibility of producing a potable water from such a source.The study showed that while no particular problems were encountered in producing a water of satisfactory chemical quality it was rarely possible to produce a water of satisfactory biological quality. This was due to the fact that the water treatment processes investigated were unable to retain sufficiently large numbers of the small algae so characteristic of Loch Leven and as a consequence the finished water nearly always contained unacceptably high numbers of algae.

Evaluation of Drinking Water Treatment Alternatives for Taste and Odour Reduction

1984 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
N. Fok ◽  
P.M. Huck ◽  
G.S. Walker ◽  
D.W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ethyl Benzene ◽  
The North ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Treatment Alternatives ◽  
The City

Abstract The City of Edmonton draws its drinking water from the North Saskatchewan River. Periodic taste and odour episodes have been related to organic compounds from urban runoff draining into the river. This paper describes the testing of 3 water treatment processes to reduce taste and odour. Chlorine dioxide, ozone and granular activated carbon were evaluated at pilot scale. Ethyl benzene was spiked into the water as a surrogate for taste and odour to permit quantitative comparisons. Under the conditions tested, ozone provided better removals than chlorine dioxide. GAC provided effective removals as well.

scholarly journals Anaerobic stabilisation of urine diverting dehydrating toilet faeces (UDDT-F) in urban poor settlements: biochemical energy recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-299
Author(s):  
Joy Riungu ◽  
Mariska Ronteltap ◽  
Jules B. van Lier
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Methane Potential

Abstract Biochemical energy recovery using digestion and co-digestion of faecal matter collected from urine diverting dehydrating toilet faeces (UDDT-F) and mixed organic market waste (OMW) was studied under laboratory- and pilot-scale conditions. Laboratory-scale biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests showed an increase in methane production with an increase in OMW fraction in the feed substrate. In subsequent pilot-scale experiments, one-stage and two-stage plug flow digester were researched, applying UDDT-F:OMW ratios of 4:1 and 1:0, at about 10 and 12% total solids (TS) slurry concentrations. Comparable methane production was observed in one-stage (Ro-4:1,12%) (314 ± 15 mL CH4/g VS added) and two-stage (Ram-4:1,12%) (325 ± 12 mL CH4/g VS added) digesters, when applying 12% TS slurry concentration. However, biogas production in Ram-4:1,12% digester (571 ± 25 mL CH4/g VS added) was about 12% higher than in Ro-4:1,12%, significantly more than the slight difference in methane production, i.e. 3–4%. The former was attributed to enhanced waste solubilisation and increased CO2 dissolution, resulting from mixing the bicarbonate-rich methanogenic effluent for neutralisation purposes with the low pH (4.9) influent acquired from the pre-acidification stage. Moreover, higher process stability was observed in the first parts of the plug flow two-stage digester, characterised by lower VFA concentrations.

scholarly journals Büyükbaş Hayvan Atıkları için Kurulacak Havasız Çürütme Tesisinin Ekonomik Analizi / The Economical Analysis of Cattle Manure Treatment by Anaerobic Digestion Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Tamer Coşkun
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion Process ◽  
Economical Analysis ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Manure Treatment

Büyükbaş hayvan atıkları, içeriğindeki yüksek katı madde, organik kirlilik ve patojen mikroorganizmalar sebebiyle halk sağlığı açısından olumsuz etkiler yapabilecek bir atıktır. Bu çalışmada havasız çürütme ile atıkların stabilize edilerek biyogaz elde edilmesi ve çürümüş atıkların toprakta doğal gübre olarak kullanılmasını içeren bir yönetim modeli uygulanmıştır. Bunun için pilot ölçekli bir havasız çürütme reaktörü işletilmiş ve çürümüş atıklar çeşitli dozlarda yonca, Macar fiğ ve arpa karışımı ile mısır silajı bitkilerinin ekildiği alanlarda doğal gübre olarak toprağa eklenmiştir. Havasız çürütme işleminde yarımcı materyal olarak mısır silajı da reaktöre beslenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda elde edilen sonuçlar ve literatür yardımıyla 1000 baş hayvan için kurulum ve işletme maliyetleri hesaplanmıştır. Kurulum maliyeti; elektrik üretim sisteminin kurulup kurulmaması açısından iki farklı değer olarak hesaplanmıştır. İşletme maliyetleri farklı tarla ürünleri ve yine elektrik sisteminin kurulup kurulmaması açılarından çeşitli durumlar için hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak elde edilen en iyi sonuçlara göre; çürümüş atıklar Macar fiğ ve arpa karışımı bitkisinin ekiminde kullanıldığında kurulacak tesisin elektrik üretim sistemi de kurulduğunda 2,5 yılda, elektrik üretim sistemi kurulmadığında ise 2,1 yılda kendisini amorti ettiği bulunmuştur. The Economical Analysis of Cattle Manure Treatment by Anaerobic Digestion Process Cattle manure is a potential for causing detrimental effects on human health due to its high solid matter and pathogen microorganism content. In this study, it was aimed to achieve biogas production by stabilizing the waste using anaerobic digestion. Digested waste was utilized as natural fertilizer. For that reason, a pilot-scale anaerobic digestion tank was operated and digested wastes were added to soil in diverse dosages where alfalfa, the mixture of Hungarian vetch and barley and corn silage are planted. Corn silage was fed to the reactor as a supplementary material during anaerobic digestion process. Installation and operating costs are determined for 1,000 cattle by the results obtained and the literature datas. Installation cost was evaluated considering both installed electricity producted system and non-installed electricity producted system. As a result, according to best results, the system would pay for itself in 2. 5 years when electricity production system is installed while the system is not installed, the pay off would be realized in 2. 1 years for the mixture of Hungarian vetch and barley.

scholarly journals An Incubation System to Enhance Biogas and Methane Production: A Case Study of an Existing Biogas Plant in Umbria, Italy

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Liberti ◽  
Valentina Pistolesi ◽  
Mawaheb Mouftahi ◽  
Nejib Hidouri ◽  
Pietro Bartocci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion Process ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Incubation System ◽  
Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor

The pre-incubation of digestate and recycling of microbes inside a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) are effective ways to optimize the anaerobic digestion process and improve the performance of biogas and methane production, also in existing biogas plants. In this study, a digestate incubation system using a nutrient mix to boost the activity of microbes was coupled to a CSTR to boost biogas and methane production. This system has been tested both on a lab scale and on an industrial scale. On a pilot scale, the system achieved an increase of +16.47 v% in biogas production with respect to the conventional anaerobic digestion process, and an increase of +2 v% in methane content (from 65.94 v% to 67.84 v%). On an industrial scale, the use of this incubation reactor with a capacity of 1 m3 has led to an increase in methane yield of 12 v%. This system allows to maintain the syntrophic relationship between acid-producing bacteria and methanogens and contemporary push the development of methanogens. Moreover, it is an economic system to be integrated into an existing biogas plant given the small volume and the simplicity of the incubation reactor.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Methanogenic Activity in Volumetrically Undersized Reactor by Mesophilic Co-Digestion of Sewage Sludge and Aqueous Residue

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7728
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Torretta ◽  
Athanasia K. Tolkou ◽  
Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis ◽  
Francesca Maria Caccamo ◽  
Marco Carnevale Miino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Aqueous Residue ◽  
First Time

To date, energy recovery from biological sewage sludge (BSS) by anaerobic digestion has been very popular. However, it can often happen that anaerobic reactors are volumetrically undersized, thus reducing performance in terms of biogas production. A continuous-flow pilot-scale plant was used to investigate, for the first time, the effects of mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion (MACoD) of sewage sludge and aqueous residue (AR) from a biosolids treatment plant (BTP) on methanogenic activity under low hydraulic retention time (HRT) conditions (to simulate the undersizing of the reactor). The results showed that the digestate is always more rapidly biodegradable than the matrices fed, while particulate COD hydrolyzed (12 ± 1.3%) is independent of the quantity of AR dosed. Feeding over 35% of soluble OLR, the total VFAs in the system strongly decreased, despite the low HRT. In correspondence with higher dosages of AR, the percentage of CH4 increased up to 77–78% and the CO2 CH4−1 ratio decreased to 0.25 ± 0.2. Specific methane production increased from 0.09 ± 0.01 m3CH4 kgCODremoved−1 with BSS alone to 0.28 ± 0.01 m3CH4CH4 kgCODremoved−1 in the case of BSS co-digested with AR. Moreover, co-digestion with AR from a BTP allowed continuous specific methanogenic activity to be enhanced from 1.76 ± 0.02 m3CH4 tVSS−1 d−1 to 6.48 ± 0.88 m3CH4 tVSS−1 d−1. Therefore, the MACoD of BSS and AR from a BTP could be a good solution to enhance methanogenic activity in a volumetrically undersized anaerobic digester with reduced HRT.

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