scholarly journals Anaerobic stabilisation of urine diverting dehydrating toilet faeces (UDDT-F) in urban poor settlements: biochemical energy recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-299
Author(s):  
Joy Riungu ◽  
Mariska Ronteltap ◽  
Jules B. van Lier
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Methane Potential

Abstract Biochemical energy recovery using digestion and co-digestion of faecal matter collected from urine diverting dehydrating toilet faeces (UDDT-F) and mixed organic market waste (OMW) was studied under laboratory- and pilot-scale conditions. Laboratory-scale biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests showed an increase in methane production with an increase in OMW fraction in the feed substrate. In subsequent pilot-scale experiments, one-stage and two-stage plug flow digester were researched, applying UDDT-F:OMW ratios of 4:1 and 1:0, at about 10 and 12% total solids (TS) slurry concentrations. Comparable methane production was observed in one-stage (Ro-4:1,12%) (314 ± 15 mL CH4/g VS added) and two-stage (Ram-4:1,12%) (325 ± 12 mL CH4/g VS added) digesters, when applying 12% TS slurry concentration. However, biogas production in Ram-4:1,12% digester (571 ± 25 mL CH4/g VS added) was about 12% higher than in Ro-4:1,12%, significantly more than the slight difference in methane production, i.e. 3–4%. The former was attributed to enhanced waste solubilisation and increased CO2 dissolution, resulting from mixing the bicarbonate-rich methanogenic effluent for neutralisation purposes with the low pH (4.9) influent acquired from the pre-acidification stage. Moreover, higher process stability was observed in the first parts of the plug flow two-stage digester, characterised by lower VFA concentrations.

Comparative study of methanogens in one- and two-stage anaerobic digester treating food waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Kinnunen ◽  
Daniel Hilderbrandt ◽  
Stefan Grimberg ◽  
Shane Rogers ◽  
Sumona Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
One Stage

AbstractChanges in methanogenic archaea were investigated in pilot-scale experiments during one- and two-stage mesophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste. Methane yields were 379.7±75.3 liters of methane per kg of volatile solids [L-CH4(kg-VS)−1] added to the system, during one-stage operation, and 446±922 L-CH4(kg-VS)−1added during two-stage operation. Populations of methanogenic archaea were monitored quantitatively by targeting the functional gene for methyl-coenzyme-M reductase (mcrA) using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques. During one-stage operation, meanmcrAgene concentrations were 2.48×109±2.7×109copies ml−1. Two-stage operation yielded meanmcrAgene concentrations of 9.85×108±8.2×108copies ml−1in the fermentation and 1.76×1010±8.5×109copies ml−1in the methanogenesis reactors, respectively. Diversity of archaea in the methanogenic reactors was investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis targeting the V3 region of 16S rRNA of archaea. The Shannon index (H) was 2.98 for one-stage operation and 7.29 for two-stage operation, suggesting greater archaeal diversity in the two-stage AD. The fivefold increase in methanogenic archaea populations during the two-stage operation, as indicated bymcrAgene concentration, corresponded to an increase in methane production rates. While the diversity may also be related to the stability of the microbial bioprocesses and improved methane production rates, the correlation between diversity and production rates should be studied further.

scholarly journals Development of a Modified Plug-Flow Anaerobic Digester for Biogas Production from Animal Manures

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gómez ◽  
Ramos-Suárez ◽  
Fernández ◽  
Muñoz ◽  
Tey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Methane Potential

Traditional plug-flow anaerobic reactors (PFRs) are characterized by lacking a mixing system and operating at high total solid concentrations, which limits their applicability for several kinds of manures. This paper studies the performance of a novel modified PFR for the treatment of pig manure, characterized by having an internal sludge mixing system by biogas recirculation in the range of 0.270–0.336 m3 m−3 h−1. The influence on the methane yield of four operating parameters (recirculation rate, hydraulic retention time, organic loading rate, and total solids) was evaluated by running four modified PFRs at the pilot scale in mesophilic conditions. While the previous biodegradability of organic matter by biochemical methane potential tests were between 31% and 47% with a methane yield between 125 and 184 LCH4 kgVS−1, the PFRs showed a suitable performance with organic matter degradation between 25% and 51% and a methane yield of up to 374 LCH4 kgVS−1. Operational problems such as solid stratification, foaming, or scum generation were avoided.

scholarly journals Potencial bioquímico de metano de águas residuárias da ultrafiltração no processamento da acerola (Malpighia emarginata) verde

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Andreza Carla Lopes Andre ◽  
Miriam Cleide Cavalcante de Amorim ◽  
Kessia Caroline Dantas da Silva ◽  
Paula Tereza Souza e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Decay Rate Constant ◽  
Malpighia Emarginata ◽  
Load Removal ◽  
Methane Potential

Ultrafiltration clarifies fruit juices, in the food industry, but generates retentive, recalcitrant wastewater, which, by its organic nature, may present a potential for biodegradation and methane production. This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical methane potential (BMP) in wastewater from the processing of unripe green acerola, obtaining the mass balance and the speed of organic load removal in COD terms. The BMP assays followed the German Guidelines VDI 4630, by applying three COD loads per liter of reactor vial (0,86 g CDOAplied L-1R, 1,5 g CDOAplied L-1R e 2,0 g CDOAplied L-1R), , in batches, inoculated with the anaerobic sludge from reactors treating domestic sewage, at 30 0C. The pH, COD, and methane production were evaluated every 48 hours. The biodegradability and the decay rate constant of the COD (Kd) were determined, thus obtaining the methanized COD, the COD for the formation of new cells, and the COD present in the wastewater, in the form of volatile acids. The best BMP was 0.100 L CH4 g -1 CDORemoved, the percentages of methanization were above 62 %, and the highest Kd occurred for the lowest load applied. The anaerobic digestion of the wastewater proved viable for in full-scale, with its application being suggested at a pilot scale.  

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of single-stage and two-stage anaerobic digestion for biogas production from high moisture municipal solid waste

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9693
Author(s):  
Wattananarong Markphan ◽  
Chonticha Mamimin ◽  
Wantanasak Suksong ◽  
Poonsuk Prasertsan ◽  
Sompong O-Thong
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Ph Adjustment

Background Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a suitable process for treating high moisture MSW with biogas and biofertilizer production. However, the low stability of AD performance and low methane production results from high moisture MSW due to the fast acidify of carbohydrate fermentation. The effects of organic loading and incineration fly ash addition as a pH adjustment on methane production from high moisture MSW in the single-stage AD and two-stage AD processes were investigated. Results Suitable initial organic loading of the single-stage AD process was 17 gVS L−1 at incineration fly ash (IFA) addition of 0.5% with methane yield of 287 mL CH4 g−1 VS. Suitable initial organic loading of the two-stage AD process was 43 gVS L−1 at IFA addition of 1% with hydrogen and methane yield of 47.4 ml H2 g−1 VS and 363 mL CH4 g−1 VS, respectively. The highest hydrogen and methane production of 8.7 m3 H2 ton−1 of high moisture MSW and 66.6 m3 CH4 ton−1 of high moisture MSW was achieved at organic loading of 43 gVS L−1 at IFA addition of 1% by two-stage AD process. Biogas production by the two-stage AD process enabled 18.5% higher energy recovery than single-stage AD. The 1% addition of IFA into high moisture MSW was useful for controlling pH of the two-stage AD process with enhanced biogas production between 87–92% when compared to without IFA addition. Electricity production and energy recovery from MSW using the coupled incineration with biogas production by two-stage AD process were 9,874 MJ ton−1 MSW and 89%, respectively. Conclusions The two-stage AD process with IFA addition for pH adjustment could improve biogas production from high moisture MSW, as well as reduce lag phase and enhance biodegradability efficiency. The coupled incineration process with biogas production using the two-stage AD process was suitable for the management of MSW with low area requirement, low greenhouse gas emissions, and high energy recovery.

Mesophilic Fermentation of SOMW in a Micro Pilot-Scale Anaerobic Digester

2013 ◽  
Vol 827 ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Carlini ◽  
Sonia Castellucci ◽  
Silvia Cocchi
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Bmp Test

One of the most promising processes to exploit Solid Olive-Mill Waste (SOMW) for energy production is anaerobic digestion. An experimental study has been carried out on SOMW and inoculum, consisting of Cattle Slurry Digested (CSD) and coming from an anaerobic digestion plant. A substrate with an optimal supply ratio equal to 2:1 has been investigated in a reactor at 37°C by analysing the biogas production. The Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) test has been carried out, monitoring pH, biogas production (amount and composition). According to the tests results, SOMWs needed to be diluted and inoculated, moreover the pH control is foundamental in order to obtain a significant biogas production. Anaerobic digestion plant of SOMW should be promoted in Mediterranean countries as an environmentally sound option for waste management and energy production, since olive mills are very widespread agro-industries in this area.

scholarly journals Biochemical Methane Potential of Cork Boiling Wastewater at Different Inoculum to Substrate Ratios

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3064
Author(s):  
Roberta Mota-Panizio ◽  
Manuel Jesús Hermoso-Orzáez ◽  
Luis Carmo-Calado ◽  
Gonçalo Lourinho ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Duque de Brito
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
Bmp Test ◽  
Cork Industry

The present study evaluates the digestion of cork boiling wastewater (CBW) through a biochemical methane potential (BMP) test. BMP assays were carried out with a working volume of 600 mL at a constant mesophilic temperature (35 °C). The experiment bottles contained CBW and inoculum (digested sludge from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)), with a ratio of inoculum/substrate (Ino/CBW) of 1:1 and 2:1 on the basis of volatile solids (VSs); the codigestion with food waste (FW) had a ratio of 2/0.7:0.3 (Ino/CBW:FW) and the codigestion with cow manure (CM) had a ratio of 2/0.5:0.5 (Ino/CBW:CM). Biogas and methane production was proportional to the inoculum substrate ratio (ISR) used. BMP tests have proved to be valuable for inferring the adequacy of anaerobic digestion to treat wastewater from the cork industry. The results indicate that the biomethane potential of CBWs for Ino/CBW ratios 1:1 and 2:1 is very low compared to other organic substrates. For the codigestion tests, the test with the Ino/CBW:CM ratio of 2/0.7:0.3 showed better biomethane yields, being in the expected values. This demonstrated that it is possible to perform the anaerobic digestion (AD) of CBW using a cosubstrate to increase biogas production and biomethane and to improve the quality of the final digestate.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Feasibility of Using the Bacteriophage T4 Lysozyme to Improve the Hydrolysis and Biochemical Methane Potential of Secondary Sludge

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3644
Author(s):  
Sangmin Kim ◽  
Seung-Gyun Woo ◽  
Joonyeob Lee ◽  
Dae-Hee Lee ◽  
Seokhwan Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Bacteriophage T4 ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
T4 Lysozyme ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Secondary Sludge ◽  
Methane Potential

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of secondary sludge is a rate-limiting step due to the bacterial cell wall. In this study, experiments were performed to characterize secondary sludges from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and to investigate the feasibility of using bacteriophage lysozymes to speed up AD by accelerating the degradation of bacterial cell walls. Protein was the main organic material (67.7% of volatile solids in the sludge). The bacteriophage T4 lysozyme (T4L) was tested for hydrolysis and biochemical methane potential. Variations in the volatile suspended solid (VSS) concentration and biogas production were monitored. The VSS reduction efficiencies by hydrolysis using T4L for 72 h increased and ranged from 17.8% to 26.4%. Biogas production using T4L treated sludges increased and biogas production was increased by as much as 82.4%. Biogas production rate also increased, and the average reaction rate coefficient of first-order kinetics was 0.56 ± 0.02/d, which was up to 47.5% higher compared to the untreated samples at the maximum. Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriia, Gammaproteobacteria, and Sphingobacteriia were major microbial classes in all sludges. The interpretation of the microbial community structure indicated that T4L treatment is likely to increase the rate of cell wall digestion.

scholarly journals A Novel Nitrogen Removal Technology Pre-Treating Chicken Manure, Prior to Anaerobic Digestion

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7463
Author(s):  
Marie E. Kirby ◽  
Muhammad W. Mirza ◽  
James Davies ◽  
Shane Ward ◽  
Michael K. Theodorou
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Recovery ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Removal Technology ◽  
Methane Potential

Chicken manure is an agricultural by-product that is a problematic feedstock for anaerobic digestion due to its high nitrogen content inhibiting methane yields. This research examines a novel pilot-scale method of ammonia stripping, the nitrogen recovery process (NRP) developed by Alchemy Utilities Ltd. The NRP was designed to remove and recover nitrogen from chicken manure and two different operating conditions were examined. Both operating conditions demonstrated successful nitrogen removal and recovery. The biochemical methane potential assays were used to compare the digestibility of the NRP-treated chicken manures to that of a fresh chicken manure control. Overall, the biochemical methane potential assays demonstrated that some NRP-treated chicken manure treatments produced significantly more methane compared to untreated manure, with no inhibition occurring in relation to ammonium. However, some of the NRP-treated chicken manures produced similar or lower methane yields compared to fresh chicken manure. The NRP requires further development to improve the efficiency of the pilot-scale unit for commercial-scale operation and longer-term continuous anaerobic digestion trials are required to determine longer-term methane yield and ammonium inhibition effects. However, these initial results clearly demonstrate the technology’s potential and novel application for decentralised, on-farm nitrogen recovery and subsequent anaerobic digestion of chicken manure.

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